CTJMZiluMiEq&H
CALENDAR OF MADRAS DEPAfCHES
1 -7-44-55
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
E. Cambray & Co. Private Ltd.
CALCUTTA.
CALENDAR
uf Tin:
MADRAS DESPATCHES
1744-1755
BY
HENRY DODWELL
M.A. (OXON.), F.K. HIST. S.
CURATOR OF THE MADRAS RECORD OFFICE
*
^7/
MADRAS GOVERNMENT PRESS
19 20
INTRODUCTION
I
/9*d
The following pages contain an abstract of the despatches
exchanged between the East India Company and its princi-
pal Council on the Coromandel Coast. The bulk of the
documents here calendared occur in the Madras series of
records called Despatches to and from England ; and certain
documents have been included here — although not despatches
— partly because they explain matters which the despatches
leave untouched, but mainly because they occur in the
despatch volumes themselves. The treatment accorded to
these enclosures to despatches (for that is what they really
are) has been varied according to their nature and import-
ance. Occasional papers of little moment have been
relegated to a foot-note at the appropriate point of the
covering despatch. Documents of greater interest, such as
those relating to the Anglo-French negotiations of 1753, are
treated as separate items. Papers ot a regularly recurrent
nature, such as lists of the investment, lists of recruits, and
the like, will be found in tabulated form in the Appendix.
The reader will also observe that the present volume
includes a number of papers which are not preserved in the
Madras Record Office. In order to secure the completeness
of the series, Mr. William Foster. c.i.E., has been good
enough to supply me with transcripts of the despatches
preserved at the India Office but missing here. These are
marked ' India Office transcript' at the end of the descrip-
tive heading. Of these transcripts, some are taken from the
original document or a contemporary copy ; but for man)-,
the only representative that has survived is the contemporary
precis made for official use, and preserved in the series
known at the India Office as ' The Coast and Bay Abstracts.'
In many passages these old precis are wofully ambiguous ;
a or-o«~*-« a
iv INTRODUCTION
and where this is so, I have simply reprinted the precis as it
stands.
A word of explanation is needed on the arrangement of
the present volume. Despatches were normally written
whenever a ship or group of ships was ready to sail. The
outward sailings, so far as Madras was concerned, were
generally two in number. At the end of December or early
in January, the Company sent out its Coast and China ships,
which carried bullion to Madras and then proceeded to
Canton. A few weeks later the Coast and Bay ships were
despatched. These carried bullion and cargo for both
Madras and Bengal. These two groups provided conveyance
for two regular cespatches to the East. Sometimes a special
ship was made ready earlier than usual; sometimes a ship
was detained, by accident or design, after the rest had sailed.
These account for supplementary despatches. But it seldom
happened that these letters from the Company fell outside
the months October — April. The despatches from Madras
were similarly conditioned. It was usual to lade one ship
home in September or early October, and others in the
following January or February ; so that, except during the
confusion which followed the loss of Madras in 1746, the
homeward despatches fall as a rule within the months Sep-
tember— March. Thus both sets of despatches, if we except
those occasionally sent overland, fall into a quite definite
system which regularly overlaps the beginning of the modern
calendar year. It seemed best therefore to group the
despatches by seasons, instead of calendar years ; and under
each season the reader will find, first, the letters sent home
from the Coast, and, then, those written to the Coast from
London.
Finally the despatches to England tend more and more
to fall into two groups, one dealing with the Company's
trade, the other with political and military events. At first
the second category is represented only by occasional letters
written and signed by the Governor alone. Later, when a
INTRODUCTION V
Committee for Country Affairs was formed within the
Council itself, we find ' separate despatches ' emanating from
the smaller body, and thus distinguished from the ' general
despatches' which constitute the normal document when the
present volume opens. Later still, a separate despatch' is
merely one dealing with confidential or political matters, no
matter whether signed by a Committee of the Council or by
the whole Council itself.
II
The documents thus brought together embrace the
despatches from England of 1744 (which would have found a
place according to their date of receipt in the Calendar of the
Madras Records for 1745, had the Calendar been continued
on the plan on which it was begun1), down to the despatches
to England of the season 1754-55. The years thus covered
fall from a political point of view into two distinct periods : —
(1) 1744-49, the period of the War of the Austrian Succes-
sion ; and (2) 1749-54, the period of the greatness and
downfall of Dupleix. It is unnecessary here to re-tell the
familiar story, for I have already dealt with it at some length
elsewhere'2. But it is worth wThile to dwell for a moment
on the development of political consciousness, the early-
stages of which are revealed in the letters now calendared.
At the beginning of the period, neither the Company nor
its servants on the Coast have the faintest presentiment of
their political destiny. For example, the Company expresses
its pleasure that Madras should have become the temporary
capital of the Carnatic as the place of residence of the child
who for a few months reigned in the place of his murdered
father, Safdar 'AH Khan3. But the benefits to be derived
from such a residence were limited to the grant of two or
three paltry villages. The expense involved quickly disgust-
ed the Directors of the Company. They gave orders that in
1 See my ' Calendar of the Madras Records, 1740-44/ Madras, 1917.
2 See my ' Duplet \\ and CUve,' Methuen, 1920.
* Infra, p. 2.
vi INTRODUCTION
future the entertainment of such guests was to be avoided.
On no account was money to be lent to the Country princes.
Have as little to do with them as possible, was the burden
of the despatches from London ; do not trust them more than
you can help ; do not give them larger presents than is
absolutely necessary1.
Such was the attitude, not only of the Company, but also
of its servants in the East, until both were driven to inter-
vention by the situation established by French activity in
1749. Even then, trade remained their chief pre-occupation.
It was the threat of being encircled by French territory and
having to pay imposts established by French rivals that really-
forced the English to intervene in the politics of the South. -
It was trade interests that disposed the English to accept
the disadvantageous terms of the treaty of 1754 with
Godeheu. It was still that punctuality and exactness which
are essential to great trade activity which the Company
demanded from its principal servants.
At the beginning of the period, the political authority was
in the hands of the President and Council of Fort St. George.
When La Bourdonnais captured Madras in 1746, the sub-
ordinate Council at St. David's at once assumed control of
the English factories and interests on the Coast, in which
it was subsequently confirmed by the Company. Thus
Nicholas Morse and the senior servants on the Coast were
replaced by John Hinde and the Councillors of St. David's.
Hinde died early in 1747, and was succeeded by Charles
Floyer, who thus was in possession of that extensive influence
which the Governor enjoyed, in fact if not in theory, at the
moment when the English decided to abandon their political
inactivity and support the Nawab whose family the French
had attacked and expelled from the Carnatic in 1749.
The fact that so decisive a step should have been taken
by so colourless a person is but another proof — were more
proof wanted — that the English were impelled to take their
* "
1 Infra, pp. 15 and 56. 2 Infra, pp. 8l and 121.
INTRODUCTION vii
part, not by political prevision, but by the tyrannous force of
circumstances. Floyer seems to have been a cheerful
convivial companion ; he was a better partner at the
card-table than in the counting-house; and before he was
dismissed by the Company for gaming, had given it by his
casual ways a thousand causes for displeasure. The Com-
pany's bales would be found to contain more than one kind
of cloth ; and that short in measure and deficient in number.
The Company's merchants under his lax rule would promise
3,000 bales, and then explain that it was all a mistake, for
they had meant only half as much. The bills sent home for
expenditure incurred on the seamen of H. M.'s Squadron in
the Company's hospital were rejected by the Admiralty on
account of their errors and irregularities. Did the Company
call for an account of the expenditure incurred at Madras
during the siege, Floyer and his Council would content
themselves with registering the amount of the claims without
inquiring into their validity. Buildings would cost double
their original estimates. Embassies would be sent which
secured no advantages but cost 10,000 Pagodas. The
ancient rule which had guided the English on the Coast for
a hundred years — that all business of importance should be
settled in Council — was broken through ; and an expedition
was set out to invade the territory of a neighbouring prince
and capture one of his towns, without the matter beino-
broached in Council until the men were on the march.
Never before had the Company's funds been so lavishly
expended, or to so little purpose.
In the middle of 1750, therefore, Floyer and his Council
were dismissed, and a new Governor and Council appointed.
Floyer's successor was Thomas Saunders, Chief of Vizaga-
patam, and in all respects his opposite. Floyer, we imagine,
was a gay, lively, volatile fellow ; Saunders was, if not actually
morose, a man of impenetrable reserve. Floyer, like his
predecessors, had maintained a table at which all persons of
respectable rank in the settlement were welcome ; Saunders
vijj INTRODUCTION
ate his dinner alone. His conversation was as sparing and
trenchant as the other's was copious and versatile. He was
a man too of amazing persistence and common-sense. Orme
once said of him that he had never met a man he would fear
more as an enemy. He was wealthy, and was looking rather
to remit his fortune home on good terms than to increase it.
His policy then had no under-meaning, but was direct and
single. Perhaps he was not a great man ; but he was indeed
one of those (of whom the English race has produced many
examples) who do great things by means of their good sense
and imperturbability. You could not startle or alarm him
into a foolish act. To him, equally with Lawrence and Clive,
was due the defeat and recall of Dupleix. He remained
Governor until January, 1755; and then, his work accom-
plished and fortune transmitted to England, he returned to
build him a mansion, marry a wife, and enjoy the remainder
of his days amidst the scenes of his boyhood.
Meanwhile the seat of Government had been transferred
once more to Fort St. George. The southern settlement,
in spite of its proximity to large weaving districts, such as
Chennappanayakanpalaiyam, was in other ways little fitted
to be the head-quarters of a great trade. It lacked the
spacious warehouses and offices which had long before been
built at Madras Above all, while at both ships had to lie
in open roads, yet at Madras vessels could anchor much
nearer in ; and the masula-boats, used to lade and unlade them,
could make half-a-dozen trips there for one at Fort St.
David. Accordingly, when both Floyer's and Saunders'
Council had reported on these matters, the Company
consented to the remove, and Madras became the Presidency
again on April 5, 1752.
Just as these eventful years witnessed the slow and
painful birth of a political policy, so also they witnessed
the first development of a knot of scattered and inefficient
garrisons into an organised army capable of supporting and
defending a policy in the field. When the first of these
INTRODUCTION ix
despatches was written, the highest officers in the English
service on the Coast were Lieutenants (styled Captains by
courtesy) commanding companies. The Artillery consisted
of what was called the ' gun-room crew,' in which the officers
did not receive commissions at all. So pervasive was the
commercial spirit of the society in which they lived, that the
Council justifies an increase in their scanty pay by observing
that of late they have had small chance of making anything
by trade. Such conditions did not make for military spirit
or efficiency. When Madras was attacked in 1746, the
conduct of the defence proved that the officers neither knew
how to defend themselves nor could command the obedience
of their men. This was indeed what one would expect to
find in a colonial garrison of that day. Madras was probably
no worse than any other English colonial fortress in any
other quarter of the globe.
But on January 28, 1748, there arrived at St. David's
Major Stringer Lawrence, deservedly called, ' the Father of
the Indian Army'. He was born in 1698. In 171 1 he had
accompanied Lord Peterborough as a page on his embassy
to the Emperor Joseph, and continued for the most part in
that nobleman's service until 1726 when he went as a
volunteer to the siege of Gibraltar. In the following year
he bought his commission as ensign in Clayton's Foot (now
the West Yorks) and served in that regiment for the next
nineteen years, — until 1743 at Gibraltar, and then in
Flanders and Scotland1. He thus brought to India what
was sadly needed — the English discipline and a knowledge
of war. As soon as he arrived, he set to work to drill and
discipline his command into shape, so that, when the
Company sent out a set of new Military Regulations, Council
was able to report that almost all had been adopted before
their arrival.
But his first period of service on the Coast was brief and
(to tell the truth) inglorious. At Boscawen's siege of
1 Memorandum of Lawrence's services, endorsed 1759, ap. Chatham Mss. j-48.
B
x INTRODUCTION
Pondichery, he was made prisoner almost as soon as the
siege began. In 1750 indeed he commanded the English
auxiliaries who joined Nasir Jang ; but the excellent advice
which he gave that potentate was rejected ; and he marched
back again to St. David's having accomplished nothing. In
the following September he resigned,
His reason for this is far too characteristic of the age and
the man to be passed over. He had been appointed on the
same terms as Major Knipe, i.e., ^250 a year1. However
at his arrival, Madras and its records were still in French
hands, and no one knew what Knipe's salary had been. He
was accordingly given ^300 a year with allowances which
came up to as much again. In this the Company at first
acquiesced ; but long meditation on the iniquity of Floyer
and his Council convinced the Directors that this too must
have been a job ; so the increase was cut off. On this he
resigned and went home2. I cannot feel that any one comes
out of this very well. The Company had no business to
play fast and loose with its terms of service ; it should at
least have kept its word. Lawrence too manifests a
greater regard for money than is quite pleasant. He succeeds
in making the Council give him twice as much as he had
agreed on, and resigns in a huff when he is reduced to his
original terms. All this is of course immensely natural ; but
we can hardly call it heroic. An inclination to overvalue
money was indeed a vice of Lawrence's character. At a
later date, he was always affecting poverty, and yet we are
told, he had saved £ 10,000. 3 Avarice was not the exclusive
privilege of the Company's covenanted servants.
Nor yet was it incompatible with the greatest gallantry.
The Old Cock, as his officers affectionately styled Lawrence,
was one of those cool-headed, clear-sighted tacticians whose
skill has been displayed on numberless battle-fields and
1 Calendar of the Madras Records, 1740-44, p. 352.
2 Infra, pp. 44, 52, 76, 109, no and 116.
3 Orme to Payne, November 16, 1757. {Orrne Mss. Various,\28. i, 215.)
INTRODUCTION xi
whose exploits constitute well nigh the whole of our military-
history. In 1752 he returned, after having extracted from
the Company new terms even better than those which he
had lost in 17501 ; and with hardly a day's delay he marched
to overthrow the French before Trichinopoly. Within three
months the French forces before that city had surrendered
and Chunda Sahib had been beheaded. This wa^ the great
blow which brought about the recall of Dupleix.
Nor was this the only blow. In the autumn of the same
year he destroyed another French force at Bahur, between
St. David's and Pondichery. In 1753, in spite of attacks of
asthma, he routed the French commanders one by one,
whenever they ventured within the reach of those gallant
grenadiers whom Orme has so eloquently commemorated.
In the next year, his health admitted of less activity. He
had for instance to watch from the top of one of the gates of
Trichinopoly, while Captain Caillaud fought his way through
an overwhelming number of the enemy2. But officers and
men were by then alike inspired by his spirit. Able leaders
were not wanting. The army had been firmly welded
together by four years of incessant fighting, and was a very
different body from that which in 1751 had hurriedly retired
before Chunda Sahib and the French under the walls of
Trichinopoly. The weapon had been forged for the conquest
of Bengal.
Ill
Administration, within the narrow limits of the Com-
pany's power, continued very much on the ancient
lines ; and the present volume contains allusion to one
notable proof that on the whole it weighed but lightly on the
Indian inhabitants of Madras. In September, . 1746, the
city was surrendered to La Bourdonnais ; in the following
month, he delivered it over to people nominated by
Dupleix, who at once set to work to transplant the wealthy
1 Infra, p. 157. 2 Orme. History, Vol. 1, p. 356.
xii INTRODUCTION
merchants from Madras to Pondichery. He spared no pro-
mises or threats. The Black Town was pillaged. Half of
it was pulled down. The merchants were ordered to deposit
their goods in the fort and assemble on a certain day to be
carried to the French settlement. But all was vain. Except
a few penniless rascals who hoped to profit by the change,
not a man would go. The Chettis and Vaisyas and weavers
remained obstinately in the country, and redeemed what
property they still had in Madras by bribing the Frenchmen
in authority. But when in August, 1749, Boscawen and
Lawrence hoisted the union-flag once more over Fort St.
George, the/merchants came flocking back to their ruined
homes as gladly as if each had received a fortune — a testi-
mony honourable alike to them and to the English.
It is likely that Madras was administered less excellently
while it was a subordinate factory, than when it had been the
head-place upon the Coast. The Chief was Richard Prince,
of whom little is known, but that little is unfavourable. The
Company at all events believed that he exacted heavy contri-
butions for allowing the old inhabitants to return. Ranga
Pillai at Pondichery heard stories of the injustice he inflicted
on various persons, among others one who perhaps was a
orandson of the famous adventurer, Constantine Phalkon,
degenerated into a mere captain of country shipping1. On one
occasion at least Prince's dubash was summoned before Council
for extortion — an indignity which his master bore but sulkily'2.
When however the Government returned thither in 1752,
it is likely that whatever was wrong was speedily amended,
a reform which must have been assisted by the new charter,
transmitted in 1753. establishing anew the old Mayor's Court
and Court of Quarter Sessions, which were held to have been
dissolved by the capture of Madras. Besides these two old
courts for the administration of civil and criminal justice, a new
court, the Court of Requests, was also set up, to hear petty
1 Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Vol. vii, p. 380 and n. 2.
2 Public Consultations, August 15, 1750.
INTRODUCTION xin
causes in which the subject of dispute did not exceed in value
5 Pagodas — 40s. sterling. Besides these courts, under a
statute of William III, the President and Council were
empowered to sit as a Court of Admiralty to try cases of
piracy and other crime committed on the high seas ; and for
this purpose a special commission was issued at the begin-
ning of each reign.
On the whole, justice seems to have been tolerably well
administered by these tribunals. One complaint was made
in 1754, but the complainant, Ephraim Isaac, seems to have
been rather a paltry fellow. He is reported to have accused
one of the aldermen of the Mayor's Court of giving dinners
to two others in order to make them stick to him. When
the President and Council desired his explanation of such a
charge, he alleged no other justification than that the offend-
ing alderman was more conversant with ' Hoyle's History of
the four Kings ' than with the law-books sent out by the
Honourable Company1 ; and his temper is probably indicated
by the fact that he declined to answer the President and
Council as such, but addressed his answer to ! Thomas
Saunders and other His Majesty's Justices of the Peace.' We
shall meet with him again in the next volume.
In 1 75 1 we find the beginning of what is now a most im-
portant branch of administration — that of the Land Revenue.
Our support of Muhammad 'All Khan led naturally to the
grant of land round Madras, intended to meet the cost of the
troops employed in the Nawab's protection. This was the
tract subsequently known as the Company's Jagir, and the
estimated revenue was 2 lakhs. The manner in which this
was dealt with affords the classic example of what is usually
considered the timidity of early European administrators in
India. The Madras Council was most reluctant to undertake
the difficult and technical task of direct administration.
Instead of this, it advised that the revenues should be farmed
out to the highest bidder, just as the French were doing, and
1 Infra, p. 217. Public Consultations, February 4, 1754.
Xiv INTRODUCTION
just as the Country governments had long before begun to
do. The Company acquiesced, with the recommendation that
the leases should run for one year only instead of five. No
one will pretend for a moment that this method, however
sanctioned by the example of others and by what was fast
becoming, if it had not already become, the custom of the
country, was anything but a bad, wasteful and unjust method
of collecting the revenues, sometimes involving extortion of
the worst nature. A contemporary would, I think, have
admitted this as readily as we do ; but, he would have
added, you will not get rid of extortion even if you substitute
a European collector for an Indian renter ; the collector will
have to be provided with subordinates, who will rob and
plunder quite as much as the renter, and who will actually
collect less revenue under the collusive agreements which
they will certainly make with the ryots. Indeed there
would have been much force in such a contention,
strengthened as it was by the prevailing ignorance of the
Company's servants of the languages and customs of the
people. Such was the reason why this system of renting was
adopted ; and its adoption certainly does not manifest that
anxiety to exploit the country for private benefit with which
the Company's servants are commonly credited. A dishonest
collector could have made a large fortune in a short time.
Here we see such an opportunity deliberately refused by the
President and Council for their friends and fellows in the
service.
One other point, under this head of Administration,
deserves mention. A despatch of 1754, here calendared,
gives an account of an aspect of the life of the Company's
servants in the East seldom dwelt upon — the cost of living1.
The Madras Council in 1754 rates this at 1,098 Pagodas a
year, or ^439, for a decent living. But it is clear that a
good deal depends upon the rank of person for whom the
1 Infra, p. 245.
INTRODUCTION XV
scale is calculated. A decent living for a newly joined
writer is not the same thing as for a servant of some fifteen
years' standing. The estimate includes items which suggest
to me that the latter is the type of person the Council was
thinking of. For instance the 90 Pagodas allotted for
liquors would buy a pipe of Madeira and still leave a consi-
derable balance for the purchase of other wines or spirits,
for at this time a pipe of Madeira could be bought at Madras
for about 60 Pagodas. Again, such a figure as 480 Pagodas
for house-expenses indicates a very liberal table, with
generous hospitality and a considerable consumption of
Europe stores, then very expensive. On the whole, I should
suppose that the scale of expense is about equivalent to that
of a bachelor establishment costing somewhere about 900
Rupees a month, which would be an establishment, not
ostentatiously luxurious, but one in which nothing was cut
short on the ground of economy. The increase in cost
may be roughly estimated at 200 per cent. That however
affords no measure of the general movement of prices in
Madras, which rose much more than 200 per cent between
1754 and 19 1 4. For instance you here have the eight or
nine inevitable servants costing no more than 5^ Pagodas,
not quite 20 Rupees, a month ; in 1914 they would have cost
about 100 Rupees, an increase of 400 per cent, which
may be taken as an approximate measure of the price of
piece-goods and food-grains taken together. As the former
certainly fell, the latter must have increased in price at a still
higher rate. In 1754, if you consumed country produce and
drank country liquor, you could probably live in plenty on
about half the Council's estimate — I should say, on 30 to 40
Pagodas a month — 100 to 135 Rupees.
IV.
It remains for me to offer a few comments on the principal
topic in most of these despatches — the subject of trade on
the Coast. The general nature and extent of the Company's
xvi INTRODUCTION
trade I have already described in a preceding volume1.
Up to the loss of Madras, the Investment continued very
much on its former scale. In the season 1744-45, 4,600
bales were sent home ; and in 1745-46 they rose to the
exceptional height of 6,6o22. But the capture of Madras
and the subsequent troubles reacted most unfavourably on
the Company's trade. In 1746-47 only 3,300 bales seem
to have been provided ; in 1747-48 very few seem to have
been sent ; in 1748-49 and 1749-50, 2,100 and 3,900 were
provided on the Coast; and in 1751-52 the Investment
was still under 4,600 bales.3 On an average, the Investment
for the eight seasons following the loss of Madras were
probably a third less than the average of the six seasons
preceding that misfortune. Even the Northern settlements,
which had provided in former days 1,000 or 1,200 bales
a season, were so distressed by the perpetual disturbances
and decay of regular government that they could not procure
even a third of their usual quantity4.
This decline rendered the Directors more critical of the
method of providing the Investment than they had been
till then. That method was one which had been in use
ever since the foundation of Madras a century before.
Certain merchants were selected for their wealth and pro-
bity ; they received the title of the Company's merchants ;
and were permitted to have peons who bore the Company's
badge. At the beginning of each season they were called
before the Council, and contracted individually for the
provision of specified sorts and quantities ; they then
received advances proportionate to their shares in the
Investment, and these advances were passed on by gumas-
taks to the weavers in the villages. On the arrival of the
cloth, it was sorted, and credit given accordingly to the
merchant responsible. Early in 1 754 the Company seems
1 Calendar of the Madras Records, 1740-44, Introduction, pp. xvii, etc,
- Infia, pp. 7 and 28.
3 Infra, pp. 36, 65, 91 and 148. 4 Infra, p. 201.
\
INTRODUCTION xvii
to have contemplated a modification of this system. It
was so private, they wrote, as to admit of unfair practices ;
in future a month's notice was to be given and written
tenders received1. The change, according to all theory,
should have been highly beneficial ; but unfortunately it
ignored the simple organisation of trade in India at this
time. The Council acted as it was told ; but instead of the
cloud of tenders which should have come in, only four were
received — one from a group of merchants who had long been
employed on the Company's account, another from a mer-
chant at St. David's, and the other two from men of straw.
The Company's proposed reform thus made no difference in
the world. It is conceivable that the Council had employed
underhand means to bring this about ; but the probabilities
lie in the other direction. Under the Company's new system,
' witty, self-ended men ' could have found their private
advantage as easily as in employing the regular merchants.
On the whole, it seems likely that the Council was speakino-
the truth when it assured the Directors that men valued the
position of a Company's merchant rather from the honourable
rank which it conferred than from the profits which it gave.2
Very similar to the foregoing was the struggle between
the Directors and the Councillors as to the manner in which
the imports of woolen cloth should be sold. This continued
throughout the period covered by the present volume. The
Company's imports consisted of copper, lead, iron and cloth.
The metals were always sold at public outcry ; but the
woolen cloth was usually delivered to the Company's mer-
chants at the fixed rate of 30 per cent over the invoiced price.
At Calcutta and Bombay, however, woolen cloth, like other
goods, was sold by auction ; and the Company was anxious
to establish the same at Madras as well, in the hope that it
would thus secure higher prices. The merchants, it
believed, desired a high rate of profits rather than a large
sale. The Councillors did not admit this ; and the old
1 Infra, p. 223. » /„/ra> pp# 24, aQ(J ^
c
xviii INTRODUCTION
method continued to be followed down to 1746, on the ground
that the Company had permitted this until the merchants had
cleared off the arrears which they had accumulated.1
When the St. David's Council replaced that of Madras,
the same system was followed, to the Company's great anger,
for it had not the excuse which the Madras Council had been
able to set up, and besides the sale took an aggravated form
by being limited to a single merchant, Linga Chetti. At last
after repeated commands from the Company, the new system
was begun in 1752 ; but it did not work. For one thing, the
Company in the confidence of its a priori reasoning, sent
out more woolen cloth than the Council had asked for, and
the market seems to have been overstocked. In 1752 the
price fell. In 1753 broad-cloth was lying rotting in the
Company's godowns for want of buyers. The same was re-
ported in 1754. Early in 1755 Madras had no less than 1,500
bales on hand, and was imploring the Company to send no
more for a year.
Here again the true state of the case is not obvious. But
the Company was evidently mistaken in supposing that
Madras could be as favourable a market for woolen cloths as
those cities in communication with Northern India. There
the ' cold weather ' is a reality ; but in the country lying behind
Madras, the term only means the season of least heat. The
consequence was that the heavy cloths of Europe were little
used in the South except for those saddle-cloths with which
Moghal troopers even there covered their unfortunate horses.
Probably, in the case of the sale of broad-cloth as in the case
of the purchase of calicoes, the Council on the spot knew
more than the Company issuing its orders on hearsay evidence
and theoretical deductions.
In these respects at all events there had been small
change since the 1 7th century ; and the reader will see, too,
that the Company clung to its monopoly of the trade to
England as strenuously as ever. In the present volume we
1 Infra, pp. 2, 6, 14 and 24.
INTRODUCTION xix
find the Directors warning their servants in the East against
the possible appearance of Colonel James Mill (of the
Austrian service) in Indian waters1. This project seems to
have been connected with the expulsion of the Ostenders
from their factory at Bankibazaar on the Hugli some years
earlier. Their directeur, Schonamille by name, is mentioned
as attempting afterwards to establish himself in Pegu with
300 men — ' the scum of all nations '. In this attempt he had
lost his life ; after which event a party of his men had pirati-
cally seized a French vessel, the Charles, only in their turn
to be made prize by a vessel of Barnett's squadron2. Later
on in 1 75 1 Colonel Mill (or Milles) came to London, in order
to come to an understanding with the Company regarding his
intended expedition to re-occupy the factory at Bankibazaar.
He interested Bubb Doddington and the Duke of Newcastle
in his plans, which seem to have gone so far as the conquest
of Bengal itself ; but the scheme broke upon the invincible
hostility of the Company3.
But while that body was as jealous as ever of its trade
and privileges, it betrays in these despatches one or two
curious admonitions of the modern tendency of commerce —
prophecies which sound all the more oddly by reason of the
old-fashioned instructions with which they are surrounded
The prime condition of over-seas trade had always been that
it should limit itself to articles comprising great value in small
bulk. That condition had been relaxed by the discovery o
the sea-route to the East Indies; but it seems that in the
middle of the 18th century matters were going still further in
the modern direction. Thus we find the Company so early
as 1744 remarking that the inferior sorts of cloth were as
profitable as the more expensive, and desiring that a new and
inferior quality should be introduced into its sortments. This
apparently was because the sale-prices in England did not
1 Infra, p. 128. The name is also spelt ' Milles '.
2 Infra, pp. 10, 19 and 29.
3 Bubb Doddington's Diary, pp. no — 114. A volume in the Colonial Office papers—
77-7%, Nos. 66 — 68— contains many documents relative to Mill's plans.
XX INTRODUCTION
discriminate between the different qualities as much as was
done by the invoice-prices in India*. Again we hear that
there is brisk demand for calicoes — preferably the cheaper
qualities2. Nor is this tendency (for as yet it is no more than
that) confined to calicoes. The China teas bought are
evidently the cheaper sorts too. The taste we are told,
matters little so long as the tea is sweet. The consumption
of cheap teas is reckoned at no less than a million pounds a
year3.
Of the covenanted servants' private trade we hear little,
but the two references in the present volume are decidedly
curious. Thus we read that the factors at Gombroon have
been ordered to allow goods to be sold outside the factory4.
This was the outcome of a long series of complaints made by
the servants at Calcutta and Madras. The factors in Persia
had under some pretext or other always insisted that English
goods should be sold only in the factory, where the prices
ruled very considerably under those in the outside market ;
and it was alleged that the factors themselves were always
the real buyers at these low rates. The orders here men-
tioned must have signified the abandonment of such unfair
practices.
The other reference5 is a rather naive proposal that
covenanted servants of junior rank should be allowed to go
to sea, i.e., to sail as supercargoes of country shipping, on
condition of their drawing no pay during their absence. In
support of this the Council alleged the specious reason that
the junior servants would thus learn much about the trade 01
the country. But it was too evident that the plan would also
supply members of Council with reliable supercargoes ; while
the Company feared this would only deplete its stock o
writers on the Coast and lead to the employment of ' monthly
writers' and Indian clerks, who were bound by no covenants
and alike mistrusted.
* Infra, pp. 2 and 31. 2 Infra, p. 13. 3 Infra, p. 42,
* Infra, p. 2. 5 Infra, pp. 182 and 224,
INTRODUCTION xx»
Among the regularly recurrent features of these despatches
will be found statements of the value of the diamonds sent
home by each ship. These amounted to over 200,000
Pagodas a season, say over half the value oi" the Company's
average investment in the period after the capture of Madras.
These remittances in diamonds were supposed to represent
the returns made for the private silver and coral which were
licensed by the Company for export to India, under condition
of being consigned to the Governor of Madras jointly with
the consignor's agent. It seems very possible however that
these diamond remittances furnished a not unimportant
means by which the covenanted servants and others sent
money home to England. The amounts remitted in bills on
the Company were, as may be seen from the details furnished
in the despatches, of trivial amount at this time ; and the
only other practicable method was that of remitting through
the foreign companies — a means which had not yet, I think,
become popular.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1743-1744:
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. March 21, 1744. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 48, pp. 19-33 (original 15 pp.)]
Cite despatch of January II. Have altered the charterparties so
as to permit the despatch of ships from Bengal on or after Nov-
ember 10, so that they may get home earlier and demurrage may
be saved. In the present war time Commanders must be protested
against if they sail without their full complement of men ; but there
is no obligation to furnish them with men out of the garrison.
Lascars should be supplied if possible. In 1741 it was arranged
that Commanders shipping lascars in Bengal should contract to pay
them the stipulated wages till the ship was unladed and 55. a week
thereafter till they could be sent back to India ; the same should be
done at Madras. As goods laded in addition to the charterparty
tonnage pay only half-freight, as much should be sent that way as
possible. The Company's country ships to be employed fetching
bales, etc. Approve of sending the Tygris' woollen goods to Persia.
Efforts to be made to detect goods laded clandestinely on the out-
ward-bound ships. Commanders of ships, who seduce soldiers,
etc., into desertion, will be dismissed; and must be required to
certify that they have no deserters aboard. Complain of careless
endorsement of the bills of lading. Have taken up 2 more
vessels. In case Bohea and green tea cannot be procured at the
limited price by February 10, the Stafford is to be laded at Canton
with tutenague, sugar and gold (if procurable at 1 10 taels or under)
for Madras ; the Canton supercargoes are to receive 5% on the
produce of the cargo. If ships are despatched after February 20,
Commanders will be given 100 guineas (in case of a French war
200 guineas) if they get round the Cape the same season, and the
owners will only be charged the invoice-price of goods damaged.
In the case of ships despatched so late, fine goods should be secured
with double wax-cloth and double cotton.
Send most of the Bengal silver directly to Madras so that the
due proportion of it may be coined. Now that there is a likelihood
of all the broadcloth at Madras being sold, it should in future be
2 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
put up at outcry as is done elsewhere ; this will increase the sales,
for the merchants prefer large profits to a large vend. Send as
many cannon as possible to replace the old honey-combed guns
on the walls. Will inquire into the deficiency of copper on the
Admiral Vernon.
Send list of the investment. Hope the country will soon recover
from the effects of the Maratha invasion. The inferior qualities of
cloth (if properly sorted) are as profitable as the higher ones. Good
demand for calicoes. May introduce a still lower number, No. 5,
provided the other numbers are kept to their former standard.
Hope that the merchants' balances have been quite cleared. ' Old
running open accounts ' are always unsatisfactory. Need of upright,
capable men at the subordinate settlements illustrated by Burton's
misconduct at Fort St. David. The French lack of money coupled
with the large English supplies should prove very favourable to
the investment. Precautions to be taken against fire ; the Com-
pany allows no smoking, etc., in its warehouses at home. Suggest
that placing a few soldiers in each boat would prevent the pilfering
of the bales. Bengal baftas painted at Madras turn out much more
profitable than painted moorees. Some of the latter should be
painted at Sadras. Are gratified at the investment (750 bales) from
the Northern factories. Sannoes from Bengal are only to be
bleached, not painted.
Trust that the young Nawab will be confirmed, so that his grants
may stand and some recompense be received for the cost of main-
taining his family in Madras. If the grants prove beneficial, Krish-
naji who was instrumental in obtaining them should be rewarded.
Are highly gratified that Madras (as the Nawab's place of
residence) should have become the capital of the province, as this
will increase trade ; its reputation is doubtless increased by the
genera] currency of the English pagodas. All this is due to
Benyon's prudent conduct which should be imitated. After con-
sideration thought it best not to apply for powers to condemn
prizes taken by the Company's ships under letters of marque ;
approve conduct regarding the captured Manilla ship. The late
town-shroff should be expelled from Madras. Will give orders to
the factors at Gombroon to allow goods to be sold outside the
English factory in order to avoid the continual complaints of the
Company's servants, etc., trading thither. Trust that this will
induce ships to cease going to Bushire.
The fortifications as proposed by Knipe may be carried out if
there is real need of them. Send some recruits, but it is difficult
CALENDAR FOR 1 743-1744 3
to get good men in war-time ; time-expired men should be
encouraged to re-enlist. Sanction the building of a house at
Ingeram. When any of the farms expire, public notice must be
given that they will be sold at outcry on a fixed day. The reduc-
tion of expenditure and increase of the revenues last year are
proofs of the Council's good services.
Approve conduct regarding Burton. Croke is to be given 500
Pags. and an annuity of £50 a year in reward for his long
service and discovery of Burton's misdeeds. The account of quick
stock must include the merchants' balances which were omitted
from the Fort St. David statement. Have resolved to send out
an annual supply of medicines, and not to supply the surgeons
with any for their private practice. What are issued to the
country ships or to the surgeons must be paid for at 20% advance
on the invoice. Besides his pay Knipe is to receive 25 Pags. a
year for servants. William Percival (late gunner) is appointed a
factor. Arthur Rider's appointment as factor to date from the
receipt of this despatch. Have appointed writers — James Mansell,
William Orme, Thomas Gage, Hugh Norris, Alexander Baird,
James Hugonin, James Morford and John Trenwith. Bills may be
granted for £500 which Captain Francis Steward has lying at
Madras. The ages of the covenanted servants are to be inserted
in the lists sent home. Ships' arrivals. Propose the appointment
of an Accountant-General (as has been done by Act of Parliament
for the Court of Chancery) to take charge of the moneys deposited
in the Mayor's Court.
Despatch from the Secret Committee to Nicholas Morse,
etc. East India House. March 23, 1744. Received
. January 18, 1745, from Bengal. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 48, p. 37 {original I p.)]
Enclose copy of a letter from the Duke of Newcastle with a
number of newspapers to be dispersed abroad. Immediate notice
to be given to the several parts of India.
Appended is a copy of letter from the Duke of Newcastle to
Harry Gough, Whitehall, March 22, 1744 [ibid., p. 45] : The English
Minister at Paris reports that the King of France is about to declare
war; and the master of an English packet-boat reports that war
was declared at Calais yesterday. Desires this news to be
communicated to the East India Company. Newcastle will be
very glad if he can be of service.
4 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from the Secret Committee to Nicholas Morse,
etc. East India House. April 18, 1744. Received
January i, 1745, forwarded by Captain Peyton. [Public
Despatches from England, Vol. 48, pp. 39-40 {original 2 pp.)]
In consequence of the War with France, His Majesty has
appointed several ships-of-war to proceed to the East Indies. They
will need stores and provisions, to purchase which they are to be
supplied with money in exchange for bills on the Admiralty at the
rate of 6s. 6d. per weighty dollar, payable at 30 days' sight. All
assistance is to be given them, and the officers are to be treated
with all due civility and respect.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. June 29, 1744. [Letter Book, Vol. 26, pp.
184-185 {India Office transcript)}
Cite despatch of April 10. Acknowledge the receipt of despatch,
dated September 26, 1 743 [Wanting. Probably the despatch referred
to in Consultation, September 22, 1743 (Calendar of the Madras
Records, 1740-44, p. 393)]. This goes by the Northampton bound for
Bombay and China. Should she be forced to put into Madras
she is to be despatched for China with such of her English lading
as the supercargoes judge suitable for Canton and with silver to
make a total cargo of Rs. 2,60,000.
*
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1711-1715
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. January 8, 1745. [public Despatches to
England, Vol. 14, pp. 49-51 {copy 3 pp.)}
This despatch will go by a Danish ship. Received the Com-
pany's letter of April 10, 1744, with news of the declaration of War
with France, by the Swift on September 5. The King William
reached Bombay September 10. On January I received letter from
the Secret Committee of Directors, dated April 18, 1744, forwarded
by Peyton from Achin, where he arrived November 23 and took the
French ship the Favoretta. Peyton with the Medway and Dolphin
parted company with Barnett in October some days after leaving
Madagascar. China shipping news brought by a Maeaoman
which arrived yesterday. 4 Spanish ships reported to be cruiz-
ing in the Straits of Malacca to intercept English shipping.
Bengal affairs. The Governor-General of Batavia received news of
the War with France from Sumatra where the Godolphin arrived
August 23.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. February 15, 1745. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 14, pp. 53-137 (copy 85 pp.) (Paper brittle and edges
broken.)]
Cite despatches of September 5, 1744, and January 8, 1745. Ac-
knowledge the receipt of letters from the Secret Committee of March
23, 1744 (received by the Beaufort from Bengal January 18, 1745)
and of April 18, 1744 (forwarded to Morse by Captain Peyton and
received January I, 1745). Shipping news. The Durrington and
the Beaufort arrived from Bengal in January ; and, as none of His
Majesty's ships had appeared, were sent to Fort St. David with the
Benjamin to take in bales, with a party of soldiers on each ship for
their protection. They returned February 4, with 1,039 bales of
piece-goods. Will not allow any but time-expired soldiers to go
aboard the Europe ships. In order to encourage re-enlistment
have shortened the term from five to three years, but have not
reduced the gratuity. Will oblige Commanders entertaining lascars
6 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
to enter into a contract for their wages, etc. The large number of
ships, and the shortage of the Bengal investment will probably
prevent the sending of any surplus tonnage. The Company's
country ships must be chiefly employed during the War in carrying
supplies to Sumatra, especially as the English there are on ill-terms
with Batavsa. Bengal are sending 3 ships to fill with pepper
at Tellicherry.
Hitherto when garnets have been sent to Europe as returns for
coral, etc., it has been usual to register them and issue a permit to
the Commander to receive them ; but for the last two years Com-
manders have been demanding a formal order to receive them. It
is hinted that such orders would entitle the ship-owners to demand
freight, etc. ; so the Company's directions are desired.
Complain of bad rice sent from Bengal for Sumatra. Having
coined 50 chests of silver into rupees to be sent to Bengal by the
Godolphin and Wager in place of the silver expected by those ships,
will be forced to dispose of the rupees at Madras as the ships have
not put in.
Would have enforced the Company's orders to sell broadcloth at
outcry but for the permission to continue selling en bloc to the
merchants till they have cleared off their balances. The accounts
sent last year show that Tambi Chetti, Mahalinga Krishna, and
Ponnappa Chetti still owed nearly 30,000 Pags. most of which
can only be recovered by continuing to them the privilege of the
broadcloth. There were two other reasons aswell:(i) to induce
Telisinga Chetti, etc., to take part in the investment, and (2) to
prevent the merchants from demanding a higher rate of brokerage.
Have again sold this year's broadcloth to the merchants for the
same reasons. Two-thirds of the profits on the broadcloth will be
paid directly into the Company's cash ; and the maintenance of the
brokerage at the old rate must be set against ' the small gratification
of the other third.' Do not believe the merchants prefer high
profits to a large sale, as the Company supposes. Some years
ago, when the indent was for 1,000 bales, Tambi Chetti made a
trial and lost money by it.
Are grateful for the guns sent- Indent for more guns and small-
arms, which are needed as the out-factories have made consider-
able demands. The Madeira wine is better than last year's, but
far inferior to that formerly sent. 100 pipes would suffice in
ordinary years, but as the Squadron will be here, 1 50 should have
been sold. The copper sent by the York sold well, but was
thought ill of 'in the inland countries.' As however it might
CALENDAR FOR 1744-1745 7
serve the Ganjam market, the remainder (100 candies) was put up
for sale and fetched the former price. Copper sells badly in
Bengal. Bengal being overstocked with lead, have landed that
on the Benjamin. 700 candies were sold on February 6 at 13 Pags.
13 fns. 27 c. per candy.
Some merchants lately applied to Morse for 2 lakhs of Rupees
on behalf of the Nawab ; it was agreed to supply them at the
current rate for ready money, in order to oblige' the Nawab who
has behaved handsomely to the English ; but the affair has been
broken off, as the Agent afterwards proposed to pay by order on
the Collectors of the Province, a proposal he knew the English
could not accept.
This year's investment is of good quality and as cheap as can
be expected; and it includes a considerable quantity of salampores
from Madras and Fort St. David. Have attempted to revive the
manufacture of fine longcloth and salampores formerly made
near Madras such as were always preferred to similar makes from
other parts. Hope to provide more of these in the coming year.
Maratha troubles early in the year prevented more than a few
bales of Salem cloth being got ; and Maratha designs on Trichi-
nopoly may prevent any investment at Salem in the coming year.
The French will not be able to do much, but Dutch contracts may
hinder us. On reports from Vizagapatam and Ingeram that the
French had stopped the English investment by raising their prices,
it was thought better to raise the price of ordinary cloth rather than
humour the merchants by taking in a larger proportion of fine
cloth which the Company does not want. However nothing much
can be expected so long as Nizam-ul-mulk sells the Government to
the highest bidders who must plunder in order to pay their rents.
This year business was stopped at Ingeram by the Nawab of
Rajahmundry's attempting to make us buy timber. He imprisoned
the Ingeram and Madapollam vakils till he had extorted a sum of
money and so terrified the merchants that they fled. However he
at last desisted and restored the money on repeated letters from
Morse. Had given orders to take the timbers in case the Nawab
would not give way, as that would have cost less than a prolonged
stop of the investment.
The Coast investment consists of: — Madras 1, 800 bales; Fort St.
David 2,000 ; Vizagapatam 280 ; Ingeram 370 ; and Madapollam 1 50
— 4,600 bales in all — a considerable quantity in view of the recent
change of Government, Maratha troubles, and distracted state of
the province. The Madras merchants have paid off 9,928 Pags. of
8 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
their debt. Regarding "Chintadripet, the Manager, etc., repre-
sented that they could not provide goods without an advance,
owing to the large balance due to them from the weavers and the
death of the wealthy Adiyappa Narayanan. They promise to
reduce their debt, and the weavers there have been permitted to
work for the merchants of the Town, who can look after them more
closely than the Council can. Have not pressed for the immediate
discharge of the original loan of 3,000 Pags. made to found the
village, as the buildings, etc., are ample security.
At Masulipatam the Faujdar detained on various pretexts 15
bales of coloured goods ; but the Armenian Coja Mirza now reports
that he has induced the Faujdar to release them. Owing to the
fewness of the washers in the Washing Town at Madras, their
pay has been slightly raised in the hopes of attracting more
washers thither. The Northward factories have been desired to
get their cloth ' cured ' locally in order to relieve the pressure.
As cloth from the Northward may have to be brought down in
country boats, have ordered it to be stamped only with ' Gentue
characters ' owing to the War. 800 bales have been brought down
safely since advice of the French War was received.
Have placed ' tappey peons ' from Madras to Ganjam ; and
understand Fort William have done the like from Ganjam to
Balasore. As there are frequent disputes between the Moors and
Hindus thereabouts, it was decided to keep a Resident at Ganjam,
to prevent letters from being delayed. John Andrews was
accordingly sent with instructions also to inquire into the weaving
industry in those parts. He reports that there are 5,000 weavers at
Berhampur and as many more in the neighbouring towns, and that
he has obtained from the Nawab, etc., farmans and dastaks needed
to carry on the Company's trade. Have directed him to procure
ordinary longcloth and salampores, and provided him with
10,000 Rs. He will receive further sums if he can invest them.
Some Shiyali cloth (like that of Chennappanayakanpalaiyam
but better) has been sent from Fort St. David. It is invoiced as
'Chennappanayakanpalaiyam' to avoid a multiplicity of names.
There is need of great caution in accepting cloth worse than the
Company's musters, as it is difficult to keep the weavers up to a
good standard. As the investment can best be enlarged at Fort
St. David, the Madras merchants for some time past have been
forbidden to provide cloth to the southward.
To prevent thefts from boats carrying bales to the Europe
ships, have made a practice of sending some of 'our gun-room
CALENDAR FOR 1744-1745 9
crew ' on every boat. The baftas from the Bay will be painted
and the sannoes bleached according to orders. Some Sadras
chintz now sent is better worked than any yet seen.
The old Fort St. David merchants were allowed a year in which
to clear off their balances in two equal instalments. After six
months, they represented that they could pay nothing as they had
not been able to settle their accounts. Having been summoned to
Madras and settled their accounts amongst themselves, they now
say that in the 7 years they served they provided investments
totalling 700,000 Pags. and that, in spite of their heavy losses,
they only owed 8,823 Pags. to the Company at the end of 1743,
which they pray to be forgiven. Council agreed to recommend
them to the Company's favour, but has demanded security for
their abiding by the Company's orders.
Have already reported the appointment of Anwar-ud-din Khan
as Nawab. Have succeeded in preserving all the Company's
grants with no more expense than the usual present to a new
Nawab. As Morse became President at nearly the same time,
this present served also as a present on his accession. Will
endeavour to conduct country affairs as successfully as Benyon,
to whom is due the preference felt by the Moors for the English
above all other European nations- In December Anwar-ud-din
marched to join the Nawabs of Cuddapah and Kurnool against
the Marathas ; Nizam-ul-mulk has also sent 10,000 horse ; but the
Marathas are said to have the larger forces. Though the armies
are near each other, no action has taken place. The Nawab offers
a sum of money, but the Marathas demand Trichinopoly. If the
latter should win a victory, the country will suffer severely both
from them and from the poligars who always seize such occasions
to plunder ; so it is hoped the affair will be accommodated.
Krishnaji Pantulu (who has been so friendly of late) died a few
clays ago. He had been entrusted with the Nawab's negotiations
with the Marathas, but the fatigue of the journey was too great
for his age. If opportunity arises, will show our gratitude to his
family. Safdar Ali Khan's mother, etc., are still in Madras, but
Council have reduced by half the expenditure on their account.
Regarding the Jagannath Prasad, it appears that she was owned
by Gopinath, a Company's merchant at Balasore, with respondentia
on her belonging to Davis and Cotesworth (Company's servants).
When she was wrecked near Vizagapatam, Thomas Pitt (Resident
atUppada) reported that she was English-owned to Stratton (Chief
of Vizagapatam) who thereon got the Nawab's farmans for her
salvage. Pitt however offered the local Raja one-third of the
10 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
salvage for his assistance ; on which the Nawab imprisoned Pitt
till he paid out of the Company's money 1,700 Madras Pags.
though the whole salvage was much less. Pitt has since died and
the Nawab has been succeeded by another. The Council cannot
decide how far the fact that the ship carried English respondentia
entitles them to redress.
On January 16 Mme. Schonamille, wife of the Chief of the
Ostend Company, arrived and asked to be allowed to reside here.
Leave was refused as Schonamille is at open war with the Moors
and has taken several Masulipatam ships. He also writes that he
intends going to Pegu with 300 Europeans and settling that place
' in such a manner that no Europeans should be admitted without
the approbation of the English.' Believe he hopes thereby to
secure the admission of his shipping to Madras, but consider that
that would be unwise. Cannot judge the justice of Schonamille's
cause, but his people are a mixture of the worst of all nations,
likely to take to evil courses.
Desire the Company's orders in case a ship's Captain should
refuse to give up a prize on the Council's demand. Hope, now that
the restrictions on the Persia trade are removed, that the
English will be able to compete with the French, etc.; but the
Persia factors are sure to make complaints, however undeserved.
Enclose copy of a letter from Dupleix to the Faujdar of St.
Thome with the latter's answer sent to Morse by the Faujdar.
Dupleix has also written to the Moorish officers at Covelong and
Arcot, in order to throw on the English the odium of having
opened the War in Indian seas, and persuade them that this will
endanger the Moghal's trade. He has lately sent the Neptune with
500 bales to Mocha with the Nawab's pass and colours, having
made ' a pretended sale ' of her to a Muhammadan, hoping to
involve us in difficulties should she be taken.
As Knipe is dead, will take Smith's advice about the projected
fortifications on the west side of the Town. Believe Knipe did not
sufficiently test the nature of the ground ; and it is possible that the
place may be made equally secure at less cost. Will send plans
in September. Desire ' a large recruit ' as there are few Europeans ;
and topasses cannot be relied on either behind walls or in the
open. On Smith's advice are building a new magazine, at a
cost of 4,100 Pags. and hope to finish it this year. Have also
enlarged the powder-factory on the Island so as to have four stamps
at work instead of two. As Vizagapatam desire a battery built by
the sea-side, have sent a man to make a plan of the defences
there, so that Smith can advise what should be done.
CALENDAR FOR 1744 1745 TI
The sea customs have declined owing to the lessened import
of grain caused by the troubles to the northward and the scarcity in
Bengal. 2,000 garse less was imported in 1743 44 than in 1742-43.
Luckily the last two harvests in the neighbouring country have
been good. The stoppage of the Manilla trade by the War, has
reduced the land customs, and the shipping in the port is likely to
fall away during the War. The Town-mint customs have increased,
but the customs of the Chintadripet mint have declined. Great
difficulties have been caused in the mint by the loss of the aqua
fortis on board the Winchester. A small quantity was obtained
from Negapatam. The shroffs with the Nawab's permission coined
in various mints 5,000 Pags. of the same touch as ours, but they
have not obtained currency ; none but the English pagodas are in
esteem at present. Have not yet received the revenues of the
4 new villages for 1743, but expect to receive the 1744 revenues
as soon as the corn is gathered. The grant was for 5 villages,
but the Killedar of Poonamallee refused to surrender Pudupauk
unless another village was given him instead, which has not been
done.
Many military in hospital. The servants allowed the officers
have been taken off, and an allowance made to Lieutenants of 5
Pags. a month, while the Ensigns' pay has been increased to
13 Pags. Have paid Smith 140 Rs. a month according to the
Company's orders to Bombay. He acts as Gunner, and is very
sober and diligent.
Banks sent to Madapollam vice Andrews sent to Ganjam.
Croke returns thanks for the gratuity allowed him. Have not yet
been able to draw out a statement of the merchants' balances.
Forward John Andrews' covenant as writer and those of George
Jones and Samuel Barlow as free merchants ; will send later those
of Andrew Munro (who is on a voyage) and William Percival.
Stratton, having left Vizagapatam owing to ill-health, is unwilling
to return both for reasons of health and as the Board appointed
another Chief. Samuel Harrison has received leave to go to England
for his health which suffered from his journey to Trichinopoly
on the Company's service. Recommend him to the Company
should he desire to return to India. Edward Fowke appointed
Storekeeper and of Council ; Richard Starke Upper-searcher at
the Sea-Gate ; Joseph Fowke Under-searcher ; Charles Savage
Norris Sub-Accountant. Samuel Harrison, and his two children,
Lieutenant Southby, and a son of Mr. Savage go home on the
Durrington ; Mrs. Hannah Greenhaugh, Mr. Stratton's son, and
Captain Timothy Tullie, his wife and 2 children, on the Beaufort.
12 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
2,88o Pags. have been received on account of Joseph Goddard's
debt to the Company ; it is now reduced to 500 Pags. and will
be almost if not wholly paid off when the rest of his debts are
collected.
Sumatra affairs.
The Mayor's Court have proposed a by-law limiting the institu-
tion of suits on bonds to a period of ten years from the time when
the cause of action shall have arisen. Suits are often brought on
old bonds which have been paid but by negligence not cancelled.
Recommend confirmation of the proposal.
Besides the 4 ships whose arrival at Pondichery was reported
in the last despatch, the Charmant has also arrived with silver and
stores. Loss of the St. Geran off Mascareign with $ 55,000 ;
only 8 persons saved out of 200 aboard. In October the Bourbon
sailed for Europe with 530 bales of cloth, coffee and redwood.
The Charmant sailed to take in pepper at Mahe, having 250 bales
of cloth aboard and some redwood.
In November Dupleix wrote about a projected treaty of neu-
trality between Mahe and Tellicherry. As the matter had been
referred to Bombay and would certainly be negatived there, it was
thought prudent to affect a readiness to concur if the project was
approved at Bombay, to secure English shipping bound for Telli-
cherry. But when another letter was received offering extensive
proposals by order of the French Company, Council replied that
they lacked powers to enter into such treaty. After the Favori
was taken in Achin road, Dupleix protested against the English
action, but hitherto the French have committed no hostilities.
Their brigantine, the St. Joseph, has been ' cut off ' at Benjar. The
Dutch lay the blame on the English, but it is hoped that it was
due solely to Malay treachery.
Since the Dutch were driven out of Porto Novo by the Marathas,
their Chief has resided at Cuddalore ; when Nizam-ul-mulk was
beseiging Trichinopoly they tried to get his leave to build a fort
at Porto Novo; and they have now offered the Nawab a present if
he will allow them to do so. Hope they will fail as such a settle-
ment might injure Fort St. David.
As the Secret Committee on the news of the French War ordered
Morse to send a small vessel on a private expedition, he had to
purchase the Eltham — the only ship available. In order to be able
to provision the Squadron, have laid in a stock of ' live provisions '
and sent to Bengal and Bombay for wheat. Cattle have been
collected at Fort St. David also. Special accommodation has been
arranged for sick sailors, as the Hospital even now is too small.
CALENDAR FOR 1744-1745 13
Supplement : Have laded 500 bags of saltpetre as surplus
freight on the Durrington to ' stiffen ' her. Increase their indent for
broadcloth from 450 to 600 bales. Have laded 1,643 bales of cloth
on these ships. Their Madras goods are invoiced at 269,210 Pags.
The Commanders' adventures amount to 8,187 Rs. from Bengal and
3,403 Pags. from Madras. Diamonds registered amount to 171,798
Pags. The balance in cash is 37,373 Star and 1,504 Madras Pags.
Recent shipping news.
Postscript : Bills, etc., drawn on the Company for 60,058 Pags.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO NICHOLAS MORSE, ETC.
East India House. December 21, 1744. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 49, pp. I95~I99 (copy 4% pp.))
Cite despatch of June 29, 1744. Acknowledge the receipt of
despatches, dated September 19, 1743, January 16, February 10 and
March 1, 1744 [The last wanting] The papers and private letters
sent by the Duke were torn to pieces owing to the box not being full.
The packets must be filled up with cotton and covered with wax-
cloth both inside and outside the boxes. Have built the Dolphin
(destined for Madras and Bengal) and taken up 12 other ships of
which 5 are destined for Madras and Bengal and I for Madras and
China. All the silver on the Madras and Bengal ships is consigned
to Madras, and what can be spared must be forwarded as soon as
possible to Bengal. The Madras and China ship is to be laded with
merchandise and Mexico dollars to the total value of £31,000,
exclusive of what is consigned by her to China from England ; and
in case there is more tonnage than can be filled from Madras and
Bengal, a ship may be laded with ' gruff ' goods and silver to the
total value of £18,000 and sent to Canton likewise. There is at
present a brisk demand. for calicoes in Europe ; so a large quantity
of longcloth and salampores should be secured, preferably of the
cheaper qualities. Foreign silver, etc., licensed for the purchase
of diamonds. Moses Salomons, Ephraim Isaac, Thomas Raitt, James
Twiss, Jacob Moses Helbutt, and James Gay permitted to reside in
India as free merchants. Purchase of coffee at Mocha. 150 pipes
of Madeira will be sent to Madras by the Lincoln. Prize goods
taken by His Majesty's ships fit for the Europe market may be
bought at anything less than 10% under cost price, and what
cannot be paid for in cash may be bought with bills at 6 months'
or longer sight. All assistance to be given to His Majesty's
Captains in disposing of prizes. Silver may be bought of them
@ 55. 6d. per ounce with bills of exchange. Bills may also be
granted for any money paid in on account of Richard Benyon.
l4 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. January 4, 1745. [Letter Book, Vol.
26, pp. 228-229 ( India Office transcript)]
If a full lading of tea cannot be procured for one of the China
ships at 9 or 10 tael a pecul, she will be filled up with tutenague,
sugar, etc., and sent to Madras. In that case her Madras cargo is
to be sold at outcry, and bales and saltpetre put aboard her
instead. Certificates to be granted to ships' Captains for money
paid in either in payment of respondentia loans or as the produce
of their outward adventure. Have taken up an extra ship — the
Princess Mary.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO NICHOLAS MORSE, ETC.
East India House. January 25, 1745. [Letter Book, Vol.
26, pp. 245-246 (India Office transcript)}
Now write by the Dolphin and Kent. Have entertained Philip
Bulkley and George Jones as factors, and Edmund Maskelyne as
writer. As Jones is at Madras, send covenants for him to execute ;
he must find friends to give security for him in f 1,000.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. February 7, 1745. [Letter Book, Vol.
26, pp. 278-283 (India 0<fice transcript)]
Approve of advancing money to the Salisbury though she was
not consigned to Madras. As several ships lately have put into
Vizagapatam instead of Madras, inquiry to be made into their
private trade there, and the usual duties to be collected there on
all goods landed or shipped. Short deliveries from the Europe
ships will be settled with the owners. The heavy war demurrage
necessitates ships being despatched to Europe as quickly as
possible. As it is likely there will be more tonnage than can be
laded home, the cargoes should not exceed £70,000 or £80,000 each.
The tonnage taken up will admit of sending out only two-thirds
of the woollen goods indented for. None but the Company's silver
to be coined into Arcot rupees, lest it should offend the Country
Government. As the merchants have been so long indulged with
the broadcloth, their balances should be cleared off by now ; what
may be still outstanding should be recovered without delay. In
order to be better able to follow the markets, desire in future the
broadcloth to be sold at public outcry. Coarse cloths this year
are dearer by 10.*. to 1 5.?. each, but the qualities sent are better, as
the common sorts cannot be got. Long ells are dearer by 2s. each.
CALENDAR FOR 1744-1745 15
The small number of bales received this season was a great
disappointment. If the 2% % brokerage now allowed is not
inducement enough, it should either be increased or contracts made
with substantial merchants at fair prices. In order to omit nothing
that may encourage the investment, the merchants may still receive
the broadcloth as before (despite what is said above) if the Council
consider that will excite them to promote the Company's interests.
A statement of each merchant's account should be obtained yearly
from the subordinate factories, so that those who fall in arrears
may be discovered and checked. When the factory-books are
annually balanced, each merchant is to give a written acknowledg-
ment that the balance of his account up to that day amounts to
such and such a sum due to or from the Company.
Trust that the large presents made to Nizam-ul-mulk, etc., will
produce commensurate benefits ; on no account is money to be lent
to the Country powers. Approve the promise of 150 Pags- for
the release of English prisoners in Ceylon and hope it was success-
ful- Observe that the Town-wall is nearly finished, so that by now
all the works should be complete and the place in a good posture
of defence. Consent to the completion of the Fort St. David
defences at a cost of 1,400 Pags. The residence of the late
Nawab's family at Madras has been costly ; such guests should be
avoided in future. Are gratified at the reduction of expenses by
6,600 Pags. and the increase of revenues by 6,900 Pags- Means
should be taken to prevent the servants of Muhammadan nobles
from running betel and tobacco to the injury of the revenues.
Unless the Northern Chiefs (Saunders, Prince and Hallyburton)
are perfectly capable, one of Council should be sent Chief to
Vizagapatam (as was usual) to conduct the investment in those
parts. Send blank covenants to be executed by the servants who
have come of age. As Hollard was entrusted with mathematical
instruments belonging to the Company, the pay due to him should
not be delivered to de Gingins till the instruments are accounted
for. Consent to allowing the Mayor's Court 50 Pags. a month
in lieu of the revenues appropriated to it ; but desire the Council's
views on the arrangement that was made some years ago with the
Mayor's Court at Calcutta. ' The Church must never be independent
of the State, nor the French suffered to intermeddle in our affairs ' ;
so approve the proceedings about Father Severini. Statements of
quick stock should include balances due from the merchants at
subordinate factories and unexpended stores. Stratton was
indebted to the Company when he left Vizagapatam ; this must be
recovered. Nothing has been said lately about Goddard's debt
16 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
though the Madapollam books show 5,883 Pags- as still owing.
Acquiesce in the allowances granted to Randall Fowke on his
resignation. Mrs. Gyfford's allowance of 15 Pags. a month may
be continued to her if she is an object of charity. Have entertained
George Drake as a writer. Father Severini may pay into the
Company's cash any sum up to 6,000 Pags. on account of money
left to found a Hospital for Female Orphans at Madras ; and he is
to be paid 6%.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO NICHOLAS MORSE, ETC.
East India House. February 20, 1745. [Letter Book, Vol.
26, p. 310 (India Office transcript))
On the Dolphin's arrival, she is to be unladed at once, and sent
with 15 chests of treasure to Canton, in addition to the 2 ships
already ordered to be sent on thither. She is to be returned to
Europe with a cargo of cheap tea— two-thirds green and one-third
Bohea — ' with a flooring of chinaware.'
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. MARCH 20, 1745. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 49, pp. 1 87- 1 89 (original 3 pp.) There is also a
copy at pp. 7 — 9 of the volume.]
Cite despatch of February 7. This goes by the Princess Mary,
with 35 chests of treasure and merchandise. As much of the silver
as can be spared must be forwarded to Bengal- No broad long
ells sent, as indents arrived too late. Had not tonnage for two-
thirds of the woollen goods indented for. All torn or damaged
cloth must be sold for what it will fetch instead of being sent to
England. Have allowed the Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge to send out Klein and Breithaupt to carry on ' that
good work.' Require more detailed returns of the ammunition,
etc., in store, and the returns must be arranged under the same
heads as the indents. As there is usually a deficiency in the weight
of lead, iron, copper and ivory sent out from England, give details
of mode of weighment. When broadcloth is mildewed, the
mildew may be got rid of by opening it and letting the sun warm
it through. The muster-rolls of ships' companies on despatch for
England must certify that there are no undischarged soldiers
aboard. Hyde Parker, an Ensign at Fort St. David, to be promoted
to the first lieutenancy vacant if his conduct is satisfactory. In
future no advances are to be made to the merchants except in
Council and be entered on the Consultations. If John Stratton has
discharged his debt, he may be restored to his standing at Madras.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1745- 1746.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. July 3, 1745. Received overland,
MARCH 25, 1746. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Vol. 5, p. 40
(India Office transcript)]
' None of the Europe ships are yet arrived. Nabob a few days
since returned to Arcot having obliged the Morattaes to repass the
Kistna whereby shall be able to make a considerable investment.
. . . [Bengal affairs]. Commodore Barnett was cruizing 26th
June off Fryers Hood. Lively man-of-war join'd him at Batavia 8th
April.'
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. September 14, 1745. Received per
DOLPHIN, JUNE 16, 1746. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Vol. 5,
p. 40 (India Office transcript)]
The Dolphin arrived August 17, too late for her intended voyage.
Shipping news. ' All the Company's affairs are in good order.'
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc, to the Company.
Fort St. George. September 24, 1745. Received June
16, 1746. [For paragraphs I to 43 of the despatch : Coast and Bay
Abstracts, Letters Received, Vol. 5, pp. 40—46 (India Office tran-
script). For the remaining portion of the despatch : Public Despatches
to England, Vol. 15, pp. I— 18 (copy 18 pp.) Damaged.]
Cite despatches of February 15, July 3, and September 14. This
goes by the Benjamin. Acknowledge the receipt of the Company's
several despatches and the Secret Committee's letter of May 14
[ Wanting],
Shipping news. Stores and provisions for the Squadron have
arrived from Bengal. The Mermaid built at Bombay arrived on
May 13 and proceeded to Vizagapatam. The EJtham was sold with
little loss for 1,500 Pags. 695 bales brought up from Fort St. David.
The Dolphin- which arrived too late for China, has been returned
to Europe. Presume that the London should proceed to China
3
18 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
with the supercargoes. 3 French ships for China passed the
Sunda Straits on August 7.
Sold 120 candies of copper at Pags. 83-IO-40. Sent 5 candies
to Ganjam where 100 can be disposed of yearly. Were able
to remit to Bengal 44,036 Madras and 64,000 Arcot Rs. ; but
as no further supplies arrived, had to take up money at
interest. Some of the Dolphin's silver sold at 14M dollars per 10
Pags. Both Madras and Bengal are much distressed for money.
Provided 4,600 bales last year ; now have 3,000 more. Wood being
scarce, timbers forced on Ingeram were sold without loss.
Received from Bengal, the guns and part of the broadcloth by the
Wager. Owing to great demand for mohurs, it is difficult to sell
silver. As few rupees are at present being sent to Bengal, gold
is scarce. Though little silver has been imported yet the price is
low. All woollen goods will be cleared in two months. Have
no lead or iron and are in great need of stores, having not so
much as a barrel of pitch or tar.
Agreed with Tirumangalam for fine goods at an abatement ;
but the Marathas, harassing the country whence thread is brought,
seized and set fire to 1,000 ox-load of cotton and thread. So it was
impracticable to lower the ordinary goods. They are plundering
the country to Arcot and Lalapet. However 1,200 bales have been
brought in. At Fort St. David, Andiyappa contracted to bring in
2,000 salampores ; and Narayana Chetti 800. They have brought in
1,400 at last year's price. At Vizagapatam, the Dutch gave great
prices for a bad manufacture intended for some market in India
being too bad for Europe. Vizagapatam have provided 200 bales.
Expect from Ingeram 400 bales and from Madapollam 200, but the
Government [is] very bad in those parts. Ganjam provided 70
bales. Send coloured goods from Masulipatam. Complained of
the Faujdar to the Nizam. Have paid the bill from Anjengo for
5,000 Rs. The Marathas after plundering the open towns and
villages returned in April. Received letters from the Nawab that
the Moghal's pass was granted to natives and strangers, and for-
bidding their ships to be molested. Replied if the French made
use of such passes and colours they would nevertheless be made
prizes. Haji Hadi was sent to explain several matters to the
Nawab. On Commodore Barnett's Squadron appearing, the Nawab
expressly forbad hostilities on land. To this, promised a due regard
with reserve to men-of-war for whose conduct the Council could not
be accountable. He then wrote that no hostilities should be
committed by the ships of war in the roads of Pondichery and
CALENDAR FOR 1745-174° 19
Karikal, and a neutrality observed in the Mughal's ports. Could
not submit to this. On marriage of his daughter he sent the
President a horse and saropa, and the like to the Governor of
Pondichery. The latter returned a present of 3,000 Pags. for late
services; but the former judged one of less value sufficient, viz.,
50 gold mohurs and a service of plate worth about 350 Pags-
The Nawab visited St. Thome and Pondichery. Thence he went
on to Fort St. David and Udaiyarpalaiyam. His tour seeming in
some measure calculated to raise contributions of European
nations, we were obliged to make him presents. Stopped Captain
Norton proceeding in a sloop to Pegu with stores and liquors for
Ostenders. Schonamille is reported to be cut off near Pegu.
Captain Robert Norton of the Ramsunkar was designed for [Pegu]
with liquor and stores which must have been intended for Schona-
mille's party. Norton entered into a bond not to go thither lest the
Moors should make this a pretext for troubling us. Later on news
came that Schonamille and 100 of his men had been cut off near
Pegu, that 50 more had been taken by the Arakanese, and that the
rest had gone to Malacca or Batavia.
Have decided on a plan for fortifying the west side of the Town
and actually begun on the work ; will send an estimate of the cost
in January. The Town will be somewhat enlarged and well
secured. Two new bastions will be built instead of the Mint and
Charles Points, which are so cracked as to be useless. At Fort St.
David, the Devanampattanam and Bandipalaiyam godowns will
be rebuilt as they are too small and infested with white ants. The
S. W. bastion of Fort St. David, which was sometime since
washed down in a flood, is to be rebuilt. A plan of the Vizaga-
patam works has been obtained, but Smith has not yet had time
properly to consider it. One small battery will be rebuilt, and the
house repaired.
The Betel and Tobacco and other farms were put up to outcry,
but were bought in, owing to the lowness of the bids. The late
farmers of Betel and Tobacco lost considerably because many
Moors now reside in the Town and their servants smuggled large
quantities in. People are also alarmed by the unsettled state of the
country. Council will do its best to prevent a decline of the
revenues.
John Graham has died at Fort St. David indebted to the Com-
pany. Holt has been appointed to succeed him, and Thomas
Cooke, Junior, has been appointed of Council there. 4 Company's
servants for Madras on the Wager, which carried them to Batavia,
20 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
apply for allowances in consideration of their great expense in
reaching Madras. Trenwith has arrived from Bengal, but Orme is
still there. Charles Savage Norris died on June 29; Charles
Hopkins appointed Sub- Accountant on 10 Pags. a month, as no
junior servant was competent for the post.
More bills of exchange on Sultan David have been forwarded
from Bombay on account of Company's woolen sales in Persia ; but
like the former one, have been refused and protested.
Sumatra affairs.
The Mayor's Court has not yet reported what it has done
about establishing an Accountant-General.
In the beginning of June the French were reported to be
making great preparations ; men were said to be expected from the
French Islands ; Dupleix marched out with gunners, ammunition
and scaling-ladders ; boats were got ready, and mortars fixed on
large catamarans for embarkation. The Success galley and Mer-
maid were therefore sent to Fort St. David, to bring up the bales
there to Madras if Hinde thought necessary. Before they reached
Fort St. David, Hinde sent advice that the French were actually
manning their boats ; but on the appearance of the Success they laid
aside the expedition. 275 bales were sent up on the Success. At
Madras the inhabitants were called together and arms delivered
to them ; and 200 Poligars' peons were entertained till news
arrived of Barnett's being off Ceylon with the Squadron. It was
afterwards learnt that the French were going to relieve Karikal
which was surrounded by the Tanjoreans ; but as the Mermaid
lay off Fort St. David, they did not care to venture their men by
sea ; and as they could only reach the Fort overland after defeating
the enemy, they offered terms to Tanjore and a suspension of arms
followed. The Success and Mermaid have since brought up 520
bales more from Fort St. David.
By request of the Viceroy of Manilla, Dupleix has sent him
munitions of war by a Danish ship, which is believed to be laded
in part with French goods. This is the first Danish ship to sail to
Manilla ; the Danes say they have got leave from the King of Spain
to send a ship there yearly. Since the Favori was taken, the
French have done their best to incite the Country powers against
us ; especially since the Muhammad Shah (their Manilla ship) was
taken, they have kept agents at Arcot endeavouring to procure a
demand for the restoration of the ship and cargo ; as several of
our friends about the Nawab had made loans to the French, they
naturally took the French side; but when the Nawab was given
CALENDAR FOR 1745-1746 21
a full state of the case, and was made sensible that the French
presents could not counterbalance the losses that would arise
from a breach with the English, he saw that the French were intent
only on their own interests and 'resolved to engage no farther
with them than would suit his own purposes.' A ship has reached
Mahe from the Islands, and it is said at Pondichery that 6 ships
are coming out escorted by 4 men-of-war. If true, 3 of them may be
those gone to China.
Have contracted with victuallers at Madras for supplying the
Squadron on condition they will take over the provisions already
bought by the Paymaster. Provisions from Bengal, etc., have
already been forwarded to the Squadron ; and as 2 ships have been
sent to Bengal for provisions, and as others may go on to the
Malabar coast next year, it is not likely that Madras will be called
on to furnish much. Barnett sent the Dolphin to cruise to the north-
ward and escort vessels with the Company's bales hither. As
many of her crew were sick at Fort St. David, and many had
died at Batavia, she had not above a third of her complement ; so
an Ensign and 50 men were sent aboard her. She met with none of
the expected ships, as those from Madapollam and Ingeram were
detained ' by the oppression of the Government.' Barnett would
willingly have sold his China prizes to the English ; but accepted
the offers made him at Batavia, partly because he was not sure of
the Company's intentions, and partly because of the risk and delay
in bringing the prizes to Madras. The Dutch offers were very
poor; and it is believed that in future prizes will be sold in the
Company's ports.
It is reported that -the privateers Fame and Winchelsea have
engaged with the Governor-General of Batavia to escort 2 or 3
Dutch vessels on a trading voyage into the South Seas; the stock
is £150,000, half provided by the Dutch Company and half by the
city of Batavia. The privateers are to receive 20% on the gross
sales.
Wish the Company's orders about Barnett, etc.'s reception had
been more explicit. The only houses for their reception either
here or at Fort St. David are the Governor's and Deputy Governor's •
and these have been granted for their use, as was formerly done to
Commodore Matthews.
Supplement : The French Mocha ship is said to have carried
a cargo of coffee to the Islands. The price averaged 104 Spanish
dollars the bahar. Shipping news. The Benjamin s cargo is invoiced
at 123,024 Pags. ; diamonds, etc., registered by her 41,072 Pags;
22 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
her Commander's homeward adventure 2,746 Pags. Balance in
cash 14,853 Pags.
Postscript : — Bills drawn on the Company for £2,235.
Appended are; — (i) register of diamonds Fper Benjamin; (2)
register of diamonds per Dolphin (20,8lO Pags.) ; (3) account
produce of coral, etc., for which remittances are now made ; (4)
manifest of private trade on the Benjamin ; (5) sailing orders of the
Benjamin ; and (6) list of the packet.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
FORT St. GEORGE. SEPTEMBER [25], 1745. [Public Despatches
to England, Vol 15,/. 31 {copy I p.)]
Enclose first of exchange on the Navy Victualling Board for
£4,838 in payment of 10,092 Pags. (reckoned at 14^4 dollars per
10 Pags. and 65. 6d. per dollar) for salt provisions sent out by the
Benjamin and others supplied at Madras.
Despatch from Nicholas morse, etc., to the Company.
FORT St. GEORGE. OCTOBER 6, 1745. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol 1 5, pp. 32-37 {copy 6 pp.) Damagea.]
As the Dolphin could not be sent to China, she is now returned
with bales. She has been given an additional quantity of saltpetre
as kintledge. 20 bales have arrived from Ganjam, 285 from
Vizagapatam and 434 from Ingeram. Expect to have near 4,000
bales by January. Considerable shortage of money as ships have
failed to put into Madras. Have written to Bengal regarding the
need of sending treasure here.
The Nawab has ordered a new pagoda of 80 touch to be coined
at Alambarai, and has desired it to be received at Madras.
Council intend to answer excusing themselves till assured that the
standard will be maintained. Several attempts of this sort have
already failed ; the credit of the Sarkar's mints is low ; and this
attempt is not likely to affect the Star Pagoda. The Dutch have
been attempting to imitate ' our pagoda of three images called the
Madras', just as the French formerly did ; but the shroffs detected
them at once, and they were all returned and melted down.
Are sending redwood to Bengal. Randall Fowke and Mrs,
Catherine [GyffordJ died on October I, and the Rev. [James] Feild
the next day.
The Dolphin's cargo is invoiced at 80,966 Pags.; diamonds
registered by her since the despatch of the Benjamin, 16,472 Pags.;
balance in cash 14,571 Star and 841 Madras Pags.
CALENDAR FOR 1745-174° 23
Appended are: — (i) letter to St. Helena covering an invoice
of stores sent; (2) register of diamonds; (3) account produce of
coral for which remittances are now made ; (4) manifest of private
trade on the Dolphin ; (5) sailing orders ; (6) list of the packet; and
(7) list of the Company's revenues at Madras, totalling 64,786
Pags.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. October 17, 1745- [Public Despatches
to England, Vol 15, /». 48 (copy I p.) J
This despatch sent overland via Aleppo as the quickest route.
The investments at Madras and in Bengal are so considerable that
an early supply of funds is needed.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. December 23, 1745. [Public Despatches
to England, Vol, 15. PP- 49~50 {copy 2 pp.)]
This despatch sent to Tellicherry to be forwarded by the ship-
ping from Bombay. On December II the Royal George, Scarborough*
Kent, Lincoln, and Admiral Vernon arrived under convoy of the
Harwich and Winchester. This supply of money is very welcome.
Shall lade the Kent and Admiral Vernon at Madras and send the
others to Bengal.
The Marathas are said to have accepted Nizam-ul-mulk's offer
of 7 lakhs of rupees for this province ; hope this proves true, so
that the country (and the investment) may not be disturbed.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. January 31, 1746. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 5, pp. 51-87 (copy U pp.) Damaged.]
Acknowledge the receipt of the Company's despatch dated
February 7, 1745. Customs shall be collected at Vizagapatam on
whatever goods may be landed there out of the Europe ships and the
Company shall be informed of the cotton goods the Commanders
may lade there for Bengal. Arrangements were made for the due
despatch of Europe ships should they have made the Coast at
Vizagapatam. Shipping news. The Princess Augusta believed to
have been taken by Angria off Cochin. She was in charge of the
Chief mate who in his last trip took up much of the ship with his
private trade. Have resolved to dismiss him. The Kent proving
leaky has been sent to Bengal for repair. 150 bales have been
laded on the Admiral Vernon and she has been sent to Fort St. David
24 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
to be filled up. The Lincoln will be laded at Madras. 70 bales of
cloth have arrived from Vizagapatam, and more are expected ; 351
bales have come from Ingeram, and 158 from Madapollam.
Morse lately received a letter from the Nawab forbidding us to
coin Arcot rupees in our own mint. Luckily all the silver for Bengal
had already been coined, as our Arcot rupee is there preferred to
those of the Sarkar mints, though the latter are of a higher touch.
Believe the Nawab's demand is occasioned by the cessation of silver
imports from Manilla, Basra and the Red Sea since the outbreak of
War ; this has decreased his revenues and made him less inclined to
favour us in this respect.
Tambi Chetti, etc., have paid in 5,000 Pags. in part of their
debt, with the assistance of their profits on the broadcloth. Doubt
if the whole will ever be recovered but will do their best.
The shipping was unable to take in all the Madeira wine
ordered for Madras and Bengal ; 40 pipes have been sold @ 55
Pags. the pipe. Copper and lead selling poorly in Bengal, have
landed the Bengal consignments on two of the ships and part of
the lead consigned thither on a third; 1,000 candies of lead have
been sold @ 13 Pags. 22 fns. 67 c. per candy, and 260 candies of
copper @ 83 Pags. 3 fns. 16 c. 105 chests of silver have been coined
and 2 lakhs of Madras and 6'8 lakhs of Arcot Rs. have been
forwarded to Bengal; this is about half the total received, and
more cannot be spared, as 2 ships failed to call here last year,
which has also occasioned great shortage of stores — medicines for
Hospital and aequo, fortis for the Mint.
The lucky arrival of the Europe ships removed all need to
reduce the investment for lack of funds. But should this year's
shipping also be hindered, there will be great difficulties in
supplying money. Have not yet had time to discuss the coming-
investment. Propose to encourage the merchants by delivering to
them the broadcloth on the terms the Company directs. The
merchants have undergone many losses, and it has become difficult
to engage men of character and substance in the Company's
business; nor are there many such now in Madras, for the des-
truction of Saadat-ul-lah Khan's family, the frequent incursions of
the Marathas, and Nizam-ul-mulk's expedition to Trichinopoly.
' have made terrible havock among the chief families, and more
especially the shroffs of whom there are scarce any of note left.'
When a shortage of money was expected, wrote to Bombay and
Bengal ; the former offered to meet bills to the amount of 4 lakhs
of rupees if we had occasion for them. Would have been glad to
CALENDAR FOR 1745-1746 25
draw bills to that amount but could find no shroffs capable of
negotiating so large a sum.
167 bales of salempores have been received in all from
Ganjam ; the cloth is inferior to that made at Vizagapatam ; but
as the manufacture has only been revived lately, it may be
expected to improve. Hallyburton (Resident at Madapollam) has
requested to be recalled, worn out with the ill-treatment of the
Country Government. The factory lies between two different
jurisdictions, and the oppressions have become so severe that no
advances can be made ' without extreme hazard.' As ordinary
Madapollams are really made in the Ingeram country, are awaiting
Hallyburton's and Saunders' arrival to decide whether or no to close
the factory, or at least to appear to do so. The timber still
remaining of what was forced upon the Madapollam and Ingeram
factories will be sent down to Madras.
Nizam-ul-mulk's failure to fulfil his promises after the consider-
able presents made him [at Trichinopoly] shows how little reliance
can be placed in him. Namat-ul-lah Khan has written to Morse
agreeing to present our complaint to the Nizam provided we send
gifts suitable for so great a man; but it has been decided to spare
further expense.
The revolution in Pegu seems to have destroyed all prospect
of recovering the trade there for some time, to the damage of the
Company's customs and injury of Madras trade. The King of
Kandy is willing to release the Englishmen who have been kept
there so long ; but they are unwilling to abandon their native wives
and children. The King is at variance with the Dutch, and has
forbidden betel-nut, pepper or grain to be carried down to their
settlements; it is said he desires a seaport under his own control,
but the Dutch will not suffer this.
When the Nawab was encamped at Tanjore, he was summoned
by the Nizam to join the Nawabs of Cuddapah and Kurnool in
occupying the Passes and preventing the Marathas from invading
the province. As Anwar-ud-din fell sick, he summoned Mahfuz
Khan from Trichinopoly to command his forces. It has been
confidently reported that the Nizam intends to remove Anwar-ud-
din, having received larger offers from another. It would agree
with his nature to accept them, for he already sells the Northern
provinces yearly to the highest bidders. ' The truth is that the Mogul
Empire is in so confused and enervated a state that the authority
of the Prince is totally slighted in the remoter provinces, and none
among the officers of the Army in this now act by his commission.'
4
26 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
In view of the French War and threatened Maratha invasion,
wish the Town works were completed ; but the rains have been so
heavy and prolonged that no progress has been made. Send a
plan of the proposed works. The design is to make the defences
of the White Town regular and strong ; those of the Black Town
are too extensive to be defended by the garrison against a numer-
ous enemy. The completion of the ditch and fausse braye at Fort
St. David will cost more than was expected. The expense of the
late Nawab's family still continues, but at a reduced rate ; had he
survived, it would have been amply repaid. As Dost AH Khan's
widow does not care to trust herself or her wealth in a Moor's
Government, the expense is likely to continue.
The Betel and Tobacco farm has been let at the old rate of
10,000 Pags. a year; the Measuring Duty at 1,000 Pags. ; and the
Town Brokerage at 8oo Pags. The Fishing Farm (which would
only have fetched 45 Pags.) has been abolished. The Council
has promised the Betel and Tobacco farmers to assist in preventing
smuggling. The paddy banksal being ruinous has been pulled
down and the materials sold. The Banksal Duty has let for 5
years at 710 Pags., as the season is good and much paddy likely
to be imported from inland. This is 110 Pags. a year more than
the allowance paid to the Mayor's Court. Have bought a new
godown and house adjoining it belonging to the late Randall
Fowke, as they lay close to the Export Warehouse.
Send a plan of Fort St. David. The S. W. Bastion needs
entire rebuilding. Wish nothing had ever been spent on Cudda-
lore, as it is undefended towards the sea, and weakens the Fort
St. David garrison by multiplying its duties.
Have still received nothing for the revenues of the new villages
for 1743, and think it wisest at present to overlook the matter;
have received 761 Pags. in money and grain as their net produce
for the year ending March 31, 1745 ; hope in time to be left in
undisputed possession of them.
200 Pags. of Graham's debt were recovered last year. Will
account with Captain Gingens for the mathematical instruments
brought out by Hollard or recover their cost from the latter's pay.
In September Stratton went to Vizagapatam to recover the balances
due to him from the merchants, and his debt to that factory will
be cleared off shortly. Joseph Goddard's estate has just sufficed
to pay off his debt to the Company. Neither George Drake,
Bulkeley nor Maskelyne has yet arrived.
Besides the 6,000 Pags. that Padre Severini proposes paying
into the Company's cash towards a fund for a Female Orphan
CALENDAR FOR 1745-T746 27
Asylum, he reports that Madeiros has lately left near 15,000 Pags.
for the same purpose. Advise its acceptance, as it cannot then be
employed at Pondichery to injure the Company.
Stephen Lightfoot entertained as Surgeon's mate at Madras at
15 Pags. a month. Recommend Trenwith to be treated the same
as the other writers who came out on the Wager. Joseph Fowke
elected Mayor and Matthew Empson Sheriff.
Few Europeans in garrison here and at Fort St. David; need
of large recruits, as French have been reinforced by captured ships'
crews, etc., and may receive men from the Islands.
Have received accounts of the merchants' debts esteemed
desperate at Ingeram and Madapollam. They were mostly con-
tracted in Graham's and Goddard's time and are thought mostly
due to the exactions of the Country Government.
Sumatra affairs.
A special Sheriff's seal has been made, as the private seals
hitherto used to seal up sequestrated premises, etc., have not
always been respected.
A French ship has been taking in at Mahe more provisions
than she needs for her own use ; possibly French ships are cruising
for our Bombay vessels. The preparations made at Pondichery
and the reinforcements received from Mahe and Karikal, greatly
alarmed the inhabitants of Cuddalore. Barnett accordingly sent
the Deptford thither ; Lieutenant Gingens and 50 men were sent
aboard her. The French have been expecting shipping for some
time and fear it may be intercepted. Letters from Anjengo were
lately stopped at Karikal and the bearers ill-treated ; Dupleix has
since returned the letters with apologies.
The Dutch have returned to Porto Novo and say they have leave
to fortify their factory there ; the Nawab however is said to have
refused leave for this.
Faillet, who formerly lived at Madras and then at Manilla,
appeared in April 1745 in the Straits of Malacca under a
Spanish commission. He took a Bengal sloop (Aken master) and
engaged the Queen of Hungary from Bengal, but the latter had
aboard 40 of Schonamille's party and some French officers, and
escaped though damaged. Faillet is believed to have returned
home.
Peter Dencker and James Calvineer, having delivered 230
Pags.' worth of provisions to the Squadron, have been allowed
to endorse the sum of their bond. Barnett wintered at Mergui
and Achin, returned here December 17. and hns sailed south
28 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
with the Preston and Dolphin. Desire salt provisions sent out for the
Company's sloops which have occasionally to go on distant
voyages at Barnett's request or otherwise. The Squadron has been
largely supplied from Bengal and Madras; send bills on the Navy
Victuallers for £1,287 for Bengal and £10,389 for Madras. Morse
has expended 482 Pags- on the feeding of French prisoners put
ashore at various times from the Squadron. Are sending 6 French
prisoners on each ship despatched, as there are no English prisoners
to exchange against them.
Supplement: The investment consists of 2,000 bales from
Madras, 2,806 from Fort St. David, 475 from Vizagapatam, 785 from
Ingeram, 369 from Madapollam and 167 from Ganjam — 6,602 in all.
After the despatch of the shipping about 1,200 bales will remain
over. Send 2 bales of the sort of cloth the Dutch are providing
at Bimlipatam. it is of poor quality, and if once accepted by the
English, the latter would be unable to get more cloth such as they
provide at present. The Managers-of Chintadripet have provided
24 corge of chintz moorees (worth 984 Pags.) in part of their debt :
the weavers there are employed by the Town merchants. Shipping
news. As less broadcloth has been received this year than was
indented for, desire an additional 300 bales. Fort William have
drawn bills on Madras for 81,203 Arcot Rs. in favour of Barnett etc.
captors of some French ships. This is embarrassing, for as
much money as could be spared has been sent to Bengal already.
On January 27 Morse heard from Hinde that Dupleix had sent 500
Europeans and 500 natives with mortars and field-pieces to the
edge of the Fort St. David bounds. Morse at once notified Barnett,
and has since heard that Barnett hove in sight and the French
withdrew on the same day. Capture of the Expedition (14 guns, 57
men) by the Medivay and Lively off the Nicobars. She is the
ship already mentioned as putting into Mahe; she brought des-
patches from France in April 1745, and is ' a prime sailer.' The
continuous rains have necessitated sending about 13 tons of cloth
unbleached. The same may have to be done at Fort St. David.
The amount of the Admiral Vernon's cargo will be reported from
Fort St. David ; that of the Lincoln is 145720 Pags. ; diamonds
registered on the two ships 89,579 Pags. ; balance in cash 36,748
Star and 359 Madras Pags.
Postscript : Bills of exchange and certificates drawn for
27,495 Pags.
Appended are :— (1) register of diamonds, etc. ; (2) account
produce of coral for which remittances are now made ; (3) manifest
of private trade ; (4) list of the packet; and (5) sailing orders.
CALENDAR FOR 174^(746 20
Despatch from John Hinde, etc., to the Company. Fort
St. David. February i, 1746. Received August 30, 1746.
[Factory Records, Fort St. David. Vol. 10, pp. 5 6 (India Office
transcript)]
Write by the Admiral Vernon which arrived from Madras
January 18 to be filled for Europe. She already had her saltpetre,
redwood, and 150 bales; and she has now been filled up. Her
cargo is invoiced at 127,732 Pags. Have put aboard 310 bales of
brown cloth, according to orders from Madras, as there is not
enough already bleached to make up her cargo. Though the
season has been unfavourable for washing, have sent to Madras
317 bales of last year's investment and 728 bales of this year's, and
put aboard this ship 1,253 bales of bleached, besides the 310 of
brown cloth. The total year's investment is about 2,800 bales.
This ship will sail with the Lincoln and Edgebaston, convoyed by
His Majesty's ships Deptford and Dolphin. Barnett is off Pondi-
chery with the Harwich, Medway, Preston, and Lively ; the Winchester
and Medway' s Prize are daily expected.
Despatch from Nicholas Morse, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. February 7, 1746. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 15, pp. II4-II5 {copy ll/2 pp.) Damaged.)
Cite despatch of [January 31.] The Lincoln and Edgebaston
sailed on the 2nd to join the Squadron. His Majesty's ship, the
Medway' s Prise arrived with the prize ship Restoration (formerly the
Charles owned by Dupleix). Schonamille's people carried her off
from Mergui, but Captain Griffin secured both the ship and her
crew of whom 24 were English. There is recent news that the
Nizam has crossed the Kistna on his way to the Carnatic, and that
the Marathas also are on this side of the river. [Portions torn.]
Appended are: — (I) list of the packet; and (2) manifest of
private trade on the Admiral Vernon.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. January 10, 1746. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 49, pp. 3-5 (original 3 pp.)]
Acknowledge the receipt of despatches of September 5, 1744,
and January 8 and February 15, 1745. Of the 14 ships taken up,
I is destined for Madras and China, and 5 for Madras and
Bengal. The War against France and Spain is vigorously carried
on. The Secret Committee consists of Dodding Braddyll, Harry
Gough, Samuel Feake and Alexander Hume. Bills drawn by the
30 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Mocha supercargoes on Madras must be met ; and any coffee sent
from there forwarded on the returning ships. Approve the con-
siderable investment made ; as large an investment as possible
to be continued, raising what money is needed by loans, as the
supplies to be sent are likely to be late in arrival owing to the
distress of public credit and the late arrival of the India ships. To
encourage money to be paid into cash for bills on the Company,
4d. a pagoda extra is to be allowed for this season. In case the
capture of prizes by the Squadron should furnish Madras with
gold or silver, what can be spared should be sent to Bengal. In
view of the substantial reasons urged in the last despatches from
Madras, continue the permission to sell woollen goods at outcry or
deliver them to the merchants, as may be most expedient. Have
transferred the Rev. Francis Fordyce from Sumatra to Madras.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. March 27, 1746. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 49, pp. 13-15 (original 3 pp.) J
Cite despatch of January 10. Have taken up an additional ship
for Madras and Bengal. Have lent no money to the Commanders
at respondentia this year. Have ordered 300 pipes of Madeira to
be sent by the Montfort, half for Madras and half for Bengal.
Officers are allowed 20 pipes as their privilege. Enclose list
of cloth, etc., to be provided. Moses Salomons and Samuel Moses
allowed to reside at Madras as diamond merchants. Madras and
Bengal ships are ordered to put into Madras provided they can
make it before the end of August. Navy stores sent out for the
Squadron. Have licensed large quantity of coral, foreign silver,
emeralds, bugles, etc., to be returned in diamonds on the usual
terms. Have received despatch from Madras, dated July 3, 1745.
Have entertained as writers at Madras : — Richard Turner, Henry
Vansittart, John Duncombe, William Read, John Starke, Richard
Fairfield, and Charles Turner. The Company's servants are to be
kept close to business. Yesterday took up the Bombay Castle for
Madras.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. APRIL 4, 1746. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 49, p. 95 (original I p.) There is a copy at p. 33.]
Cite despatch of March 27. This goes by the Houghton. All
spare treasure to be forwarded to Bengal. Have appointed
Samuel Parkes a factor and Sub- Accountant in Bengal ; he is to
CALENDAR FOR 1745-1745 31
proceed thither by the first opportunity. As James Lauder, in the
Portuguese service at Macao, has been giving early intelligence of
the motions of Spanish ships in the China Seas, he is not to be
molested on account of being in a foreign service, should he come
to any of the Company's settlements.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO NICHOLAS MORSE, ETC.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. MAY 7, 1746. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 49, pp. 23-31 {original 9 pp.)]
Cite despatch of April 4, 1746. This goes by the Britannia.
Ships' Captains disobeying the Company's instructions to bo
called before Council and reminded of their duties. Approve
Captain Steward of the Winchester's being obliged to give a bond
for the chest of silver and the aquafortis missing on board his ship.
Lesser deficiencies must be made good by the Captains according
to charterparty. Besides the Company's duties, owners are
entitled to freight on all garnets and other bulky articles sent
home on private account ; the Captains should be given express
orders to receive them aboard. Captains are reported to have
touched at Durgarayapatnam, Krishnapatnam, and other places,
for purposes of private trade when en route from Madras to
Calcutta ; this is to be forbidden.
Regarding the alleged deficiencies in the chests of silver sent
out, have tested some which were ready packed and which proved
quite correct ; believe the complaints must be due to defective
weights or roguery of the natives employed in the warehouse.
Desire to know every year the probable sales of copper and the
estimation in which the different kinds are held. Will send all
the guns and muskets procurable this wartime. No silver is to be
sold to the Nawab or others except for ready money. Deficiency
of 14 lb. in a chest of silver sent from Madras to China.
Approve of bringing in new merchants, as the old ones are
reduced in circumstances, in order to maintain the investment at its
high standard. The French will not be able to compete much now ;
in case Dutch rivalry proves troublesome, the brokerage maybe
increased or prices raised if absolutely necessary. The servants
at the Northern factories must do their best to keep the country
officials in a good humour, so as to avoid stoppages of trade. The
balances due from the managers of Chintadripet and the Fort St.
David merchants must be recovered. Buyers in England do not
make as much difference between the different qualities of cloth as
is show** in the invoices; inferior sorts may be rejected where
there are no competitors ; but where there are, the English must
take the same sorts as they do or go without'most of the cloth.
32 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Are pleased to observe that owing to Morse's attention and Haji
Hadi's assistance the new Nawab has not recalled the grants made
the English by his predecessors. Trust the expenses of the late
Nawab's family's residence in Madras will be reduced as soon as
decently may be. Morse's letter to Nizam-ul-mulk was proper
though unsuccessful ; trust that in future no considerable sum will
be disbursed till the promised grants have been actually made.
Are gratified that Muhammad Saiyid Khan's grant for coining
Arcot Rupees is still unrevoked. Regret that so much silver has
had to be sent to Bengal uncoined, and that 50 chests of Arcot
Rupees have had to be sold at Madras; the latter partly because
it may annoy the Nawab and partly because the silver would have
produced more if coined into Madras Rupees.
Cheerfully acquiesce in repairs, provided they are substantially
executed. Approve the consideration whether the west front of
Fort St. George may not be as well fortified by less expensive
measures than those Knipe suggested. If topasses are really use-
less, no more should be kept than are needed to ease the duty of
the European soldiers. If decrease in the customs has occurred in
spite of just administration of the Customs-house and due
encouragement of all traders, it must be submitted to.
Confirm that 'able gunner' Joseph Smith in his station at
Madras. Edward Fowke to give security as Member of Council.
In preparing the annual statement of quick stock, all credits must
be included and all Europe goods, etc., valued at the current price
less 10 %. When Belsches succeeds to a surgeonship at Madras,
John Sheafe is to be Surgeon at Fort St. David, if agreeable to the
Deputy Governor and Council, and Mr. Scott must be provided for
otherwise.
Send list of deficiencies in the cargoes from Madras. To avoid
overburdening Madras with tonnage, 3 ships go out with iron
kintledge so that they may be sent to China, if necessary, with
£15,000 worth of silver on each and, if no private ship is sent, about
£5,000 worth of goods. On Benyon's advice, have remitted the
fine imposed on Sunku Rama of 4,289% Pags. at his son Venkata-
rama Chetti's petition. The money is therefore to be refunded.
A discharge should be taken from him and others for all demands
on account of the broadcloth which they alleged should have been
delivered to them.
The Attorney and Solicitor-General consider that actions in
the Mayor's Court on old bonds, etc., must be determined according
to the English Statute of Limitations. [A duplicate original,
dated June 6, occurs at pp. 123 — 1 32, with four additional paragraphs
containing shipping news.]
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1746-1747.
Despatch from John Hinde, etc., to the Company. Fort
St. David. OCTOBER 17, 1746. [Public Despatches to England,
Vol. 1 6, pp. 1-7 (Copy 6y2 pp.) Damaged.]
Announce the capture of Madras by the French. ' The gentle-
men there' lay the blame on the absence of the Squadron ; will
therefore give an account of the Squadron's movements and leave
the Company to form its own opinion : — Barnett died at Fort St.
David on April 29. The Winchester arrived May 25 ; and Peyton,
who had succeeded to the command as senior Captain, resolved to
sail with the whole Squadron to Trincomalee Bay in order to refit the
Medway which was very leaky. On May 30, the Company's ship
Princess Mary arrived on which were to be sent to Madras all the
bales ready and such part of 60 chests of treasure (brought from
Bombay by the Winchester) as was not needed at Fort St. David. On
June 9, she was despatched with only 222 bales (as the weather had
been too rough to lade more) and 46 chests of treasure, under escort
of the Lively ; and the rest of the Squadron sailed for Trincomalee.
On June 17, Peyton wrote that the Preston carried away her bowsprit
just as they were reaching the Bay and that in consequence he had
borne up for Negapatam to refit her. On June 25, in Negapatam
roads, at day-break, strange ships were sighted from the mast-head.
They proved to be 9 French ships ; but the winds were so light
that the Squadrons could not get up with each other till half past 4,
when an engagement began which lasted till 7. They were near
each other all next day, and at 4 p.m. Peyton called a Council of
War, when it was agreed to sail for Trincomalee. The French
sailed for Pondichery where they arrived June 27. The English
losses were 14 killed and 46 wounded (but none touched on the
Medway). Do not know the French losses. The French Squadron
consisted of the Achilles (a 70 gun-ship), 6 Company's and 2
country ships. Peyton remained at Trincomalee till the beginning
of August and was off Negapatam August 6. One of the French
ships sailed for Bengal but was lost in the Hugli with 280 Euro-
peans. The rest sailed south from Pondichery July 24, and were
5
34 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
in the Negapatam roads when Peyton appeared. They sailed out to
meet him ; but he avoided them on the 7th, 8th and 9th August,
and disappeared on the 10th. On the 13th, the French returned
to Pondichery, and on the 17th sailed for Madras, where they bom-
barded the Fort and the Princess Mary. It is said they had two
motives : — (1) to get a pretext for telling the Country powers that
the English began hostilities ashore ; and (2) to see whether Peyton
would come to the rescue of Madras. On August 23 Peyton put
into Pulicat road, learnt of the French Squadron's movements, and
disappeared no one knows whither. The last letter from the
Squadron was one from Peyton to Morse, dated August 4, when he
had just finished refitting. His ' unhappy conduct so animated
our enemies that they determined on attacking Fort St. George.'
They landed at St. Thome or thereabouts, and began the attack
on September 5, chiefly depending on their shells. The place
surrendered September 10, but it is not known precisely on
what terms ; anyhow, no terms have yet been complied with,
and d'Espremenil has set out from Pondichery to command the
place. On October 2 and 3, when the French ships were laden
with money, goods, etc., a storm arose, in which 3 ships foun-
dered, 1,200 men were lost, and the Squadron so shattered that
the intended attack on Fort St. David has become for the present
impossible ; the officers consider that if it had been made, ' we
should have taken up more of their time than they had to spare.'
20 men from the Squadron left sick at Fort St. David ' have put
our gun-room in excellent order ' ; a few soldiers have escaped
hither from Madras ; and the Fort is stored for 6 months. The
French now talk of attacking by land, but with common prudence
the Fort can be held against them till we are relieved. The
Company's sloops Advice and Mermaid were both taken at Madras
and lost in the storm ; the Princess Mary was scuttled and run into
the surf, but the French have got her off; the Sumatra and Brilliant
from Sumatra passed Fort St. David, August 19, and ran straight
into the French Squadron which was flying English colours. The
French say they had the Nawab's permission to attack Madras,
which they got for a present of a lakh of Pagodas ; and when they
landed, they produced the Nawab's parwana. Everything has
been done to convince the Nawab of the injustice and impolicy of
such conduct ; and he denies that he ever did so, says that his son
was advancing to relieve Madras just when it surrendered, and
offers to join in attacking Pondichery. However he is also
corresponding with the French and no doubt expects his share of
CALENDAR FOR 1746- 1747 35
the booty, though in this he is likely to be disappointed. Will
keep on good terms with him, but doubt receiving much assistance
from him. Have written to Bengal and Bombay for help.
3 French Europe ships reached Mahe, August 25 ; and Pondichery
September 27. They sailed thence October 14. 4 others that
came out with them are said to have sailed for China. No news
of any English shipping from Europe. Have not heard from
Bengal this season. Hinde has received only 3 letters from
Morse, and those written in such general terms (for fear of
interception) that nothing is known of the situation there. De
Jong (Chief of Pulicat) is said by Morse to have sent back all the
women and children of Madras and refused them shelter; but
Mersen (Governor of Negapatam) has very kindly received all the
families from Fort St. David. On hearing of the fall of Madras,
stopped the investment, having only about 10,000 Pags. in hand.
Have 1,500 bales and will be able to make them up to 1, 800 in
January, if a ship puts in to receive them.
Supplement: The last letter from Morse mentions Articles of
Capitulation for ransom, but the terms are not stated. Whatever
they are, Dupliex is keeping them ill. He sent out 300 men to
seize refugees from Madras and keeps them as prisoners of war.
The 3 French ships have returned and with 7 others are in the
roads in the offing.
Appended are : — (i) letter to St. Helena reporting the loss of
Madras ; and (2) sailing orders for the Porto Bello sloop.
Despatch from John Hinde, etc., to the Company. Fort
ST. DAVID. JANUARY 10, 1747. [Public Despatches to England,
Vol. 16, pp. 7-12 {Copy sVz PP-) Damaged]
Since October matters have continued uncertain. Neither
letter nor help received from Bengal. Have induced the Nawab
to declare in our favour ; and at the beginning of December
Muhammad AH was sent here with about 2,000 horse. On
December 8, the French advanced against Fort St. David with
their whole force. ' We made the best defence we could ' ; and
though they got as far as the Garden House, they were driven out
on the 9th and compelled ' to a very precipitate retreat ' in which
they are thought to have lost 170 men. They abandoned 2
mortars and all their ammunition, etc. On December 20, they
prepared to surprise us by sea, but Providence disappointed them,
36 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
some boats being driven ashore and their ammunition spoilt. On
December 31, ' we had a skirmish by land in which we again
obtained an advantage over them, and had we even then been
succoured Your Honour's affairs would have been in all human
probability restored in a great measure if not altogether.' Mahfuz
Khan has now joined his brother and the camp expenses amount
to near 6,000 Rs. a day ; unless shipping arrives soon, fear
they will quit us. There are 4 French ships at Pondichery, and
5 others. The situation is precarious, so this is sent in haste to
Tranquebar lest a siege should prevent the possibility of writing.
Think it unkind that the other settlements have sent no help.
Have only expended 3,000 [Pags. ?] in presents to the Nawab ;
but the French are making great efforts to come to terms with him.
A message has just been received from the Nawab's sons that he
has released 4 French prisoners and is actually treating with
the French. Will do everything possible to secure performance
of the Nawab's promises, including the restoration of Madras, but
his councils are influenced by little but immediate gain.
On October 23 Griffin with His Majesty's ships Princess Mary
and Pearl reached Achin and sailed to join the Squadron at Balasore
November 2. On November 5, the Britannia put into Madras, but
escaped capture and is said to be at Galle, whither orders have
been sent for her to come to Fort St. David. The Houghton, having
failed to make Madras, put in here on December 5 ; but, on hearing
that Madras had been taken, her Captain sailed that night,
without landing the packet or taking any notice of the signals
that were made. This extremely disheartened the garrison.
Other shipping news. At Pondichery the St. Louis is lading for
Europe and the Princess Mary [an English merchant ship captured
by the French in 1746] for the Islands. Morse, Monson, Stratton
and Savage are there ; Eyre at Tranquebar ; Harris here ; and
Fowke at Pulicat. Several of the junior servants are here and
have been given a subsistence allowance. John Pybus has been
employed in the Secretary's office. The French have in the last
month removed everything useful from Madras and stocked
themselves with grain from that place. Having been desired
by the Madras Councillors to send the necessary orders to the
Northern factories, desired Vizagapatam and Ingeram to send
their bales hither under proper convoy. They have about 800
each and there are 1,700 at Fort St. David. Have done everything
possible for the defence of the place but are in the utmost want of
almost everything.
CALENDAR FOR 1746-1747 37
Postscript : News from Vizagapatam that the Kent has
arrived to lade the bales there and at Ingeram, that the Medway
lost her mainmast in heaving down in the Hugli, and that 6 ships
would be ready to sail in December. Since that, news has come
of Griffin's reaching Balasore on December 7 ; so the Squadron is
daily expected. It is plain that the Fort William Council ' have
not had the least thought for us.' Hope it will be possible to
humour the Nawab a little longer, or that in some other way Fort
St. David may be preserved till help arrives, in which case the
next despatch may announce the recovery of Madras on reason-
able terms, though it may cost considerable presents to the
Nawab.
Appended is a letter to James Hugonin at Tranquebar, direct-
ing him to take charge of the Company's packets on a Danish ship
by which he is going to Europe.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
FORT St. DAVID. MAY 2, 1747. [Public Despatches to England,
Vol. 16, pp. 13-40 {Copy 27% pp.) Damaged.]
This despatch sent by the Britannia which reached Fort St.
David, February 22. Regret despatching her so late, but a cargo
will doubtless prove very serviceable to the Company. She brings
1,784 bales invoiced at 144,474 Pags. Wish Fort William had
sent a convoy earlier as desired. Were brought to the utmost
extremity on being abandoned by the Moors, who went away
owing to the long delay of our shipping, and the French offers
which rose to 5 lakhs of rupees. ' Both their armies [i.e., Mahfuz
Khan's and Muhammad Ali's] decamped ' February 14. On
February 28, the French marched out of Pondichery and next day
made another attempt upon the place, with much larger forces
than before to which the English could oppose only a quarter as
many. We sent out all the peons, with 100 Europeans, 200
topasses and some Artillery, in order to delay their progress. We
kept them from crossing the Pennar all that day, but at night were
forced to withdraw to the Fort. Early in the morning of the
2nd March they marched to the Garden House ; but soon after
Griffin hove in sight with 9 vessels, on which the French retired
so hurriedly that, though Griffin immediately landed 800 men,
pursuit was useless. Several houses about the Bounds were burnt,
but the damage might have been much greater.
38 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Acknowledge the receipt of despatches dated January 10,
March 27, April 4 and May 7, 1746 with duplicates of others.
Of the Company's ships only the Houghton and Britannia
have touched here. On February 1 6 the Princess Amelia put
into Madras and was taken ; the money, etc., aboard her enabled
the French to tempt the Moors over to their side. Other shipping
news. The Brilliant has been recaptured by the Squadron on her
way from the Islands and has been bought for the Company
for 7,150 Rs. There were 8 French ships there when she
sailed — of which the Achilles and another were destined for Europe
with La Bourdonnais. Floyer will answer the letter from the
Secret Committee addressed to Morse. Have advertised the Com-
pany's offer to allow 4a1. more per pagoda in bills for cash paid
into the treasury ; but expect no considerable sum. Will hardly
be able to examine into the suspected fraud of the Indians em-
ployed in weighing off the Company's silver sent by the York, as
that was done at Fort St. George. As soon as more silver is
received than is absolutely needed at Fort St. David, the surplus
shall be sent to Bengal.
When the Admiral Vernon sailed in February 1746, there
remained over 416 bales. Since then 1,600 have been provided.
Had there been peace and a sufficient supply of pagodas, almost
any quantity could have been got ; but the merchants' balances
had to be called in in order to pay the garrison. The Kent was
sent from Bengal to fetch the Vizagapatam and Ingeram bales ;
she did not reach Vizagapatam in time, but 112 bales were sent
later to Bengal by a country sloop convoyed by His Majesty's
ship Lively. 688 bales have reached here from Ingeram and
82 from Ganjam. Will get as much cloth as possible, and hope
to send a ship home in September. Have not yet been able to
procure pagodas (or gold to make them with) for a new invest-
ment. Have opened a gold and silver mint at Cuddalore under
Foxall, the Assay Master at Madras, who has come in with all the
people and materials he could save from that mint. The Dutch
were already making proposals to the Nawab to supplant us, but
we were just in time to prevent them. The Dutch and Danes
have been the only competitors in buying cloth, the French having
bought none ; the only cloth the last have sent home has been
that taken at Madras. The Danes are troublesome rather by
lowering the quality by taking bad cloth than by purchasing
largely ; but the Dutch are 'every year falling into our sortments.'
Have allowed the merchants a further 6 months in which to pay
CALENDAR FOR 1746-1747 39
off their old balances. Only one Macao ship has arrived this year
and brought little or no tea ; will buy when opportunity offers and
encourage the sending of tea hither.
The province this year has been free from Maratha invasions.
Nothing but money will fix the Nawab in our interest ; and the
French offers are so large that nothing less than lakhs will satisfy
him. Such sums are too considerable for the Council to dispose of,
and nothing more has been done than to promise in general terms
the Company's gratitude, should any assistance be given ; which
with small presents as an earnest may have the desired effect.
When the Nawab's two armies were camped here for nearly 3
months at a cost of 6,000 Rs. a day, the presents given did not
exceed 40,000 Rs. — a small sum compared with the advantage
of the French defeat in December. Hinde offered them 2,000 Rs.
a day if they would only stay 10 days longer, when the fleet was
expected ; but this was refused.
In consequence of Smith's report on the defences in 1745 and
the advice of a man recommended as skilled in fortification
[George Jones], the South West Bastion has been rebuilt, the ditch
completed, the parapet thickened to 6 feet, and a bomb-proof
1 casern ' built inside the Fort. Now by the advice of Griffin and
others, are widening the ditch to 100 feet broad and building a horn-
work and covered way to the northward, with other works on the
east and west, in case of attack when the Squadron has to
leave the Coast in the monsoon. The estimated expense of the new
works is 85,730 Pags. Have been pretty successful in inducing
work-people from Madras to come hither. Have pulled down all
buildings (including the hospital) within 400 yards of the Fort.
Have bought a house for the use of Griffin and the Naval officers,
as the Garden House was too remote. Need an Engineer, as Smith
died at Madras on the second day of the siege.
The customs have decreased as the French Squadron prevented
the arrival of shipping. The grain customs were for a while taken
off owing to a scarcity of grain. The farms are all let at the usual
rents.
Governor Hinde died April 14. Edward Croke, the Second,
declined the chair owing to his age and ill-health. Accordingly
Charles Floyer, the next in seniority at Fort St. David, became
Governor. Alexander Wynch has been appointed Paymaster,
and Thomas Cooke junior Storehouse-keeper. Morse and Eyre
are at Tranquebar; Monson has sailed for Europe on a Danish
40 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
ship; Fowke is in Bengal; and Stratton is reported to have
sailed thence for Europe. Have kept a general table for the
junior Madras servants, as they have drawn no pay since the loss
of Madras. Have entertained Sidney Foxall to manage the mint
at his former pay, etc. Of the writers sent out. only Turner,
Vansittart and Duncumbe have arrived. Have entertained William
Smyth King, John Pybus, and Edmund Maskelyne as monthly
writers at 10 Pags. a month till they can be confirmed by the
Company in their former standing. Pybus has since desired leave
to go to Europe. More writers needed. Samuel Parkes has gone
to Bengal according to the Company's appointment. John Hally-
burton was exchanged and arrived here in October. He has been
particularly useful especially in the first French attack, when he
was sent to the Nawab's camp 'to signify our instructions to him.'
Recommend him for reward. Most of the Madras garrison that
could escape have come in ; and so have all the officers, who have
been continued in their former ranks. As the Lieutenants have
behaved well in our two actions with the enemy, recommend
that they be given Captains' commissions. The other officers
and the soldiers have been rewarded with clothing. Robert
Clive 'being of a martial disposition' and having acted as a
volunteer in the late engagements, has been made Ensign. The
garrison, always too small for the defence of the place, is now
more inadequate than ever, for the French can send out 1,000 Euro-
peans at any time. Need also ' an experienced head-officer.'
Have received 35 recruits. For lack of Europeons, have had to
entertain about 3,000 peons ; discharged a few on the arrival of the
Squadron. Have written to Bombay for 200 or 300 Europeans and
600 Arabs. Entertained Francis Fordyce as Chaplain on his arrival
from Sumatra.
All the books and papers relating to Madras being in the hands
of the French, cannot tell what may have been owing to the
Company there; but will question the conicoplies who are now
beginning to come hither.
The French have behaved with great inhumanity. They have
refused to exchange a single prisoner with the Commodore, and
suddenly drove away all the women and children they had allowed
to reside at the Mount, plundering them and burning their houses.
They are busy fortifying the White Town at Madras and have
almost destroyed the Black. Deserters report there are 1,300
Europeans in garrison at Pondichery and 400 at Madras, besides
many peons and coffrees. Cannot at present make any attack
CALENDAR FOR 1746-1747 41
upon them, but as soon as we can be reinforced, Griffin will do
his best to avenge our past injuries.
Griffin arrived March 2 with His Majesty's ships Princess Mary,
Medway, Harwich, Winchester, Pearl, Preston, Medway's Price and
Lively, and a brigantine fitted as afire-ship. He is still here. One
ship is off Madras to prevent the Neptune and the Princess Amelia
from escaping ; others are stationed off Pondichery and to the
southward. Griffin is every way worthy of his command, and
only needs reinforcement to restore the Company's affairs.
Supplement' The Pearl has saved the Exeter from going into
Madras. As all the coral books are lost, cannot exactly specify all
details of the coral returns. Have received from Griffin bills for
1,500 dollars on the Navy Victuallers for money paid out of the
Company's cash. Have drawn bills on the Company for 100
Pags. Diamonds registered 68,243 Pags. At Hinde's death, the
Company's cash owed him 1,839 Pags., as no gold can be got to
coin pagodas.
Appended are : — (1) register of diamonds; and (2) list of the
packet.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
FORT ST. DAVID. MAY 15, 1747. [Public Despatches to England,
Vol. 16, pp. 40-44 {Copy tf/z PP-)]
This despatch sent by the Lapwing which sails vid Sumatra
with 200 bales and is to be filled up with pepper there. Send
copy of report by a Committee of officers of what they consider
needful f for the defence of the place. William Belsches
(Agent for the sick and wounded of the Squadron) has delivered
in accounts, attested by the Commodore for the time being, and
amounting to 2,984 Pags. which have been paid him. Have
dismissed Ensign von Francken for furnishing LaBourdonnais
with a plan of Madras and other misdemeanours, and send him to
Europe on the Lapwing. Diamonds registered 3.275 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds ; and (2) list of the
packet.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO NICHOLAS MORSE, ETC.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. JULY 9, 1746. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 49, pp. 135-136 [Original 2 pp.)]
Cite despatch of June 12 [Wanting]. Shipping news. This
sent by the Bombay Castle. Purchase of coffee at Mocha. Rev.
Richard Rider entertained as joint-chaplain at Madras with
Fordyce.
6
42 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. August 15, 1746. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 49, pp. 157-160 {Copy lV2 pp.)]
Cite despatch of July 9. Acknowledge the receipt of despatch
dated October 17, 1745. This goes by the Norfolk, bound for
Madras, Sumatra, etc 10 chests of treasure are to be put aboard
her and she is to be despatched as quickly as possible.* Order
contracts to be made with Portuguese at Macao for the purchase
of the Bohea teas which are always to be had cheap after the
Europe shipping has left Canton, and which are usually carried by
junks to Batavia. Several large ships come yearly from Macao ;
so it should be easy to arrange this. Since the English tea duties
were lowered, the consumption of the cheaper sorts of teas has
risen to above 1,000,000 lbs. a year. Send samples of what
may be had at Batavia at 19-25 Rix Dollars (=11-15 taels) the
pecul. They fetch 6-10 tael per pecul at Macao after the Europe
ships have gone. May give 10 — 14 Pags. the pecul delivered at
Madras. Ordinary green teas may be bought at 12-14 Pags.
per pecul at Madras. The lowest and cheapest sort is mostly
wanted, provided it is sweet, the flavour mattering little.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas morse, etc.
East India House. November 14, 1746. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 49, pp. 151-156 (Original 6 pp.)]
Cite despatch of August 1 5 by the Norfolk. Arrival of ships.
Acknowledge the receipt of despatches dated December [23], 1745,
and January 31, 1746. This goes by the Lapwing. She brings 25
tons of lead, 50 chests of treasure, and a recruit of soldiers. She is
to be despatched at once to Sumatra with the bales on hand (and
saltpetre for kintledge) to be filled up there with pepper. Of 1 5
ships taken up, 6 are designed for Madras and Bengal. The rate of
exchange for bills on the Company to continue as last year. 5,600
bales of Coast goods received are very welcome ; there is a large
demand for calicoes Approve the projected works on the west
front of Fort St. George provided the backwater can be carried
off so as to avoid damage to the walls ; but do not consider new
works towards the sea necessary. Having consulted with Benyon,
doubt the advantage of making the proposed moat, owing to the
looseness of the soil and the nature of the country ; if diverted from
*She sailed without the treasure which was sent on the Lapwiug Vide Secretary Molt
to Morst, etc., November 7, 1746 {India Office transcript. Miscellanies, Vol. lO, /. 176.)
CALENDAR FOR 1746-1747 43
its present course, the river [Cooumj will soon make a new bed for
itself, whereas if turned into the moat, there would be danger of
its undermining the walls during the freshes ; till now, though the
walls were washed yearly by the floods, they were little hurl
because of the breadth of the river-bed ; if confined within narrow
limits, the floods would be much more destructive, especially as
the walls are to be built on the very edge of the moat. The pro-
posed small canals north and south of the Town are far too small
to carry off the flood-water; moreover in the south-west monsoon
they would be choked with sand. Either the river should be
allowed to skirt the walls with no artificial bank on the other side,
or it should be diverted to a considerable distance from the moat.
As regards the sea-front Benyon says that the foundations of the
present walls are often exposed in spring-tides or in hard northerly
gales; building new walls nearer the sea must evidently then be
dangerous ; besides, he asserts that having sounded the roads, he
ascertained that though ships could come near enough to throw
shot into the Fort, they could not batter in breach, both on account
of the distance and the swell ; and even if they could breach the
sea-wall, they could hardly land troops in the face of the least
resistance, owing to the surf. Send samples of tea to be purchased
and to be avoided. Have lent the Captain of the Lapwing £l,000
on respondentia.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. January 16, 1747. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 50, pp. 3-4 ( Original 2 pp.j]
Cite despatch of November 14, 1746. Acknowledge the receipt
of despatch, dated February 7, 1746. This goes by the Prince of
Wales and Stafford, which are to be sent on to China with 30 chests
of treasure each. In case the Canton supercargoes have too much
tonnage, they will lade the surplus ships with tutenague, sugar,
etc., for the Madras market. Money may be received for bills on
the Company on account of Thomas Braddyll or William Davis.
Since writing the above, it has been decided to send the ships
direct to China.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. February 18, 1747. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 50, pp. 5-6 (Original 2 pp.)]
Cite despatch of January 16. Have taken up 3 ships for
Madras and Bengal. This goes by the Oxford. She brings 80 tons
44 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
of iron, 30 chests of treasure and 100 pipes of Madeira consigned
to Madras. The Winchelsea, Colchester and Benjamin carry large
supplies of naval stores for the Squadron. Stringer Lawrence
entertained as Major on the same terms as Major Knipe, i.e., £ 250
with one of the companies. James Cope, William Keene, Lawrence
Donaldson, Edmund Pascall, and John Brooke appointed Ensigns.
In future there are to be 2 Ensigns to each company at Madras
and Fort St. David. These officers' pay will commence from their
arrival. The Major is allowed diet money as one of Council (10
Pags. a month) ; and Lieutenants as Factors (8 Pags.). In future
the Major and Lieutenants are to have the clothing of their
companies instead of the Paymaster. Lieutenant John Hollond is
transferred to Bengal. All spare money must be forwarded to
Bengal.
Despatch from the Company to Nicholas Morse, etc.
East India House. April 15, 1747. [Public Dispatches from
England, Vol. 49, pp. 183 (Original I p.)\
Announce the appointment of Harry Gough, Richard Chauncy,
Alexander Hume and William Mabbot as the Secret Committee
for the coming year.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1747-1748.
DESPATCH FROM CHARLES FLOYER, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
FORT ST. DAVID. AUGUST 19, 1747. [Public Despatches to
■ England, Vol. 16. pp. 45^ 5° (Copy 6 pp.)]
On May 28, the Severn, Warwick, and Ilchcstcr arrived from
Bombay together with the Princess Augusta lately ransomed.
Are now despatching the Severn for Europe. Received by these
vessels from Bombay 370 soldiers and some large cannon ; but the
men included only 70 Europeans. A month ago 225 ' sepoys '
arrived from Tellicherry overland. Even now have but 300 able-
bodied Europeans in garrison ; and the French are resolved to
attack as soon as Griffin leaves the Coast, for if Fort St. David
is still in English hands next January, Pondichery will then pro-
bably be taken and Madras recovered. Send a plan of the Fort and
the new works. At a Council of War held on July 19 it was resolved
to build a battery at the Burying ground and 'fortify the points '
in Devanampattanam. It was also decided 'to clear' all Deva-
nampattanam, the remainder of the Colloway, and the houses
about the Washing-town, as well as to level the banks of the
tank there. On Griffin's recommendation have appointed George
Gibson (Captain of Marines aboard the flagship), Captain-Comman-
dant of the garrison. Have appointed several of the Madras
writers Ensigns, and nominated George Jones to regulate the Train,
the officers in which will receive commissions. The season ap-
proaching when the Squadron must leave the Coast, have repre-
sented the weakness of our position to Griffin.
Have been able to do but little towards an investment for lack
of money ; and in any case have no proper places for bleaching
cloth. With the remains from last year, have 800 bales, white
and brown, which will be forwarded to Bengal if the Coast is
reported clear. The investment at the Northern factories has
suffered by a ship with a large amount of money for them having
overshot her port and proceeded (it is thought) to Bengal. Have
been unable to send money to Bengal (in spite of their importunacy),
owing to the heavy charges of our garrison and works.
The Swift Snow arrived from England on June 18, and the
Bombay Castle on August I. The Captain of the Houghton alleges
46 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
. as excuse for deserting Fort St. David in 1746 that he suspected
the French had taken the place and that Hinde's letters were coun-
terfeit. Placed the Warwick and Ilchester under Griffin's orders, as
there was no other employment for them, and as the French are
known to have a large sea-force ; the Warwick has since been
returned to the Company's service.
Bills drawn on the Company for 600 Pags. ; diamonds registered
12,980 Pags.
Appended are:— (1) register of diamonds; and (2) list of the
packets.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. September 26 and 27, 1747. [Public
Despatches to En gland, Vol. 1 6, pp. 51-53 (Copy 3 pp.)]
Have despatched 485 bales by the Princess Augusta to Sumatra
and 411 by the Warwick to Bengal. The latter sailed under com-
mand of Ward, the Chief Mate, as Captain Misenor was very ill and
died on September 13. The Ilchester and the Bombay Castle are
serving with the Squadron ; the former will shortly be discharged.
Shipping news. Fort William report they are sending men and
stores by the Princess of Wales, but she has not yet arrived though
2 ships have arrived thence with rice. La Bourdonnais is
reported to have sailed for Europe with 5 ships. The Company's
late ship Princess Mary has been lost at Gogo, but most of her crew
were saved. No outward-bound ships have put in here. When
Nasir Jang came southward, a vakil was sent to procure the assist-
ance of some troops. Hope to succeed in this, as, though expensive,
it is the only way to secure the Fort.
Postcript : News from Vizagapatam that the Oxford put in
there August 29, having been warned by a catamaran off St. Thome
of the capture of Madras. The packet, recruits and 50 pipes of
Madeira have been landed at Vizagapatam to be forwarded hither
by the Princess of Wales. The Fanny (which brought the above
news) in passing Madras saw the whole of the Squadron there and
the Neptune in a blaze.
Appended is a letter to the English Consul at Copenhagen desir-
ing him to forward the packet to England.
*
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. February 13, 1748. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 16, pp. 54-91 (Copy uYi PP-) Damaged.]
This goes by the Warwick from Bengal, ordered to call in here
for despatches. The Anson was captured on September 2, by two
/
CALENDAR FOR 1747-1748 47
French privateers the Apollo and Anglesea, just as she was going
into Bombay ; she defended herself for two hours and a half; and
her treasure and packets were saved by a boat that put aboard her
and carried them into Bombay. Other shipping news. The War-
wick and flchester, having been discharged from the Squadron, have
been sent, the former with our remaining bales to Bengal and the
latter to Anjengo. Expect the Princess Augusta with a cargo of
timber from Batavia. The Brilliant is on a secret cruize under
Griffin's orders. Received on December 30 the Company's letter
of April 15, 1747, by the George snow. Unfortunately the weather
did not allow Griffin to burn the Princess Amelia as well as the
Neptune. She was run ashore, but got off again, came to Pondi-
chery, laded 1,200 bales of white and blue cloth, and slipped off
it is believed for the Islands. Griffin remained at sea through the
monsoon, and came into the roads on November II, with His
Majesty's ships Princess Mary, Medway and Pearl. So many sick
had to be landed out of the two last that Griffin had to apply for a
detachment of men from the garrison. The Bombay Castle was again
placed under him. The Oxford arrived here from the Bay January
15, will be sent with stores to Sumatra and bring back arrack,
lower-masts, and anchors from Batavia for the Squadron. Have
received the Company's despatches of January 16 and February 18,
1747 by the Winchelsea, Colchester and Benjamin, which arrived here
fromBalasore under escort of His Majesty's ships Exeter, York and
Eltham. The Company's despatch of June 6, 1746, was received
by the Princess of Wales. The Exeter has also arrived and with the
Winchelsea and Benjamin has been ordered under Griffin. The
Colchester has been returned to Bengal with orders to land treasure
and stores at Vizagapatam. Hope for speedy arrival of the rein-
forcements news of which has come via Basra and Bombay.
Of the copper, pitch and tar sent out by the Norfolk and received
by the Bombay Castle, 61 candies of copper have been sold here
and the rest sent to Bengal ; the pitch and tar will be needed for
the use of the Squadron. [2 pp. apparently missing hoe.] 400 tons
of redwood are ready at Durgarayapatnam to be sent to Bengal,
but hitherto a conveyance has been wanting. Of the 100 pipes of
Madeira consigned to the Coast, 8 have been detained at Vizaga-
patam and 72 received here; it has been selling at 50 Pags. a
pipe. Broadcloth forwarded from here to Bengal proved damaged ;
believe it must have been damaged in England.
Were unable to bleach the bales sent to Bengal owing to the
alarms of the French ; have 22 bales on hand. On May II, 1747,
48 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
considered the investment and summoned the merchants. As
cotton was cheap and the demand from our enemies small, secured
a reduction of price, and finally agreed with An-diyappa's set of
merchants to provide as much cloth as we could advance them for ;
but afterwards, as no ships arrived, were obliged to desist from
making further advances, though there was prospect of a singu-
larly good investment. Probably shall be able to do nothing more
< till the heat of war is abated ' ; shall therefore demand the return
of their balances from Andiyappa's set. The balances from the
'old set ' have already been demanded ; but as the larger part is
due from Mutyalu who is now negotiating with Nasir Jang, they
have not yet been recovered. The Northern factories have been
able to provide nothing owing to lack of the money sent by the
Jenny which failed to make them ; sjnce then have been able
to send only Rs. 20,000 for their current expenses, but have
requested Fort William to send them supplies. Do not know how
many bales they have sent to Bengal. 10 bales of the Ingeram
1746 investment, damaged by the leakiness of the ship, were accept-
ed on the Company's account as Council was sure Saunders had
provided the best vessel he could. Have much torn and damaged
cloth on hand ; hoping the ship's Captains would be purchasers,
it was resolved to sell this at outcry in August last ; but the ships
leaving suddenly, the sale has been deferred till now. Venkata-
raman has written for the repayment of his fine, according to the
Company's orders ; but as it is not known what he may owe the
Company, nothing will be done until he comes here.
When Nasir Jang was about 15 days' journey distant, sent
him a Vakil to procure a safe conduct (as the roads were
infested by French peons) for the two ambassadors it was then
intended to send, and to pave the way towards obtaining 10,000
horse to protect the Fort during the monsoon. Nasir Jang did
not come to Arcot as was expected, but withdrew, delayed coming
to an agreement and would not send ' a convoy' for the ambas-
sadors. At last in November the Vakil made an agreement to
pay 3 lakhs of rupees for the 10,000 horse; soon after how-
ever Nasir Jang demanded 10 lakhs instead, which was afterwards
reduced to 5 ; but that was declined as he insisted on part
being paid in advance and as we were bare of money. Nasir* \ky
Jang was then summoned to join his father and dismissed thev VR
Vakil handsomely. The last letter from the Vakil announces
that he has hired 300 good horse and will soon be back here. This
expedition has been much cheaper than sending two ambassadors.
Beawes and Captain Crompton (who were to have gone) have been
V
CALENDAR FOR 1747-1748 49
compensated for their expenses in preparation, etc. The chief
reason for applying to the Nizam for help was the little reliance
that can be placed on the Arcot Government. The Marathas arc
reported from Arcot to be within a few days' journey. Dupleix has
applied to the Nawab to mediate between the French and English.
The ditch round the Fort is completed ; the horn-work is as high
as the turning of the arches for the caserns ; and the lunette to the
west is progressing under the direction of George Jones and
his assistants. The rest of the houses in Devanampattanam and
the Colloway have been pulled down as the clearance to the 800-
yard limit left but a few. Owing to shortness of money have not
paid for Croke's, Captain deMorgan's and other houses that
have been destroyed. Besides the new battery at the Burying
ground and the strengthening of the Devanampattanam points,
have erected fascine batteries on the beach east of Devanampatta-
nam and 'along the lines from the Burying ground'. Another
fascine battery has been raised at the south-west corner of the Fort
andarmed with the heavy guns from Bombay, as that part of the Fort
was not able to bear them. Are taking all possible care to execute
the works with economy, but for want of skilled engineers are
liable to raise works that may not be really necessary. Have
bought a house at Porto Novo for the Resident there, as the
Company's factory is quite ruined. Have had to make many sheds
and guard-rooms for the garrison and peons, which, with the
demolition of the houses, has been very expensive.
The Cuddalore Sea customs have increased 1,201 Pags. owing
to the importation of raw silk, etc. ; the Cuddalore Land customs are
decreased 607 Pags. owing to the suspension of grain-duties
in the late scarcity ; the Devanampattanam Sea and Land customs
have increased 1,954 Pags. owing to the importation of coral
and raw silk.
The general table for the Madras junior servants has been
taken off. as some have gone away and others been entertained.
William Read arrived by the Bombay Castle and has been entertain-
ed as directed. William Rider, who was coming out as Chaplain
at Madras, remained in Sumatra on hearing of the loss of that
settlement. Being in great need of officers, have appointed as
Ensigns Philip Bulkeley, Edmund Maskelyne, John Duncumbe,
John Wright, Samuel Smith, John Harding and Joshua Cheese-
borough. The first two were Madras servants who have accepted
commissions till the Company's pleasure is known ; the third
7
50 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
is a servant here who has been promised that he shall lose no
standing by accepting one.
Morse and Percival have been exchanged for Leyrit, Chief of
Mahe, and Le Riche, Chief of Karikal, who were caught and
brought here as prisoners of war. Morse arrived here August 2 and
has made himself very useful. Eyre and Harris are at Tranque-
bar and Savage here ; Edward Fowke sails for Europe by this ship.
Have appointed Residents — Charles Nicholls at Negapatam,
Henry Cope at Porto Novo, and Alexander Baird at Pulicat — to
get early intelligence of any French ships on the Coast.
Major Stringer Lawrence arrived on the Winchelsea January 13,
and was given his commission at the head of the garrison on the
18th. The Ensigns who accompanied him have arrived. Captain
George Gibson has been thanked for his good services. Have
received 98 recruits excluding II detained at Vizagapatam.
Lieutenant John Hollond, being transferred to Bengal by the
Company, has resigned his company, but is remaining as a super-
numerary in the hope of taking part in the expected fighting. Are
sending the rolls of the garrison and desire a further reinforcement.
Found it necessary to introduce martial law into this garrison, and
have commissioned Major Lawrence to sit as President and Ensign
James Cope to act as Judge Advocate. Have formed the gun-room
crew into an Artillery company under Lieutenant George Jones
and several Ensigns. Have received 113 Europeans from Bengal.
The officers of this and the Bombay detachment are allowed a table
as is usual when 'on command.' Charles Bourchier has been
appointed Secretary vice Thomas Cooke, junior. The Madras
conicoplies have been unable to give any information about the
accounts there.
Sumatra affairs.
On August 19, applied to Galenus Mersen, Governor of Nega-
patam, for leave to pull down the compound walls of the Dutch
factory at Devanampattanam, 700 yards from the Fort; but he
declined. The 2^2 % customs the Dutch pay on their exports and
imports by no means compensates the inconvenience of having a
foreign power settled so near an English fort. The French
garrisons are 1,300 Europeans at Pondichery, 400 at Madras, and
100 at Karikal, besides topasses, coffrees and sepoys 'who are
disciplined and are of great service to trfem.'
On a rumour of some accident befalling our Squadron at Trin-
comalee, the French prepared another attack. Timely notice was
received, and dispositions were made for defence at a Council of
CALENDAR FOR 1747-1748 5 1
War held December 25. On January 6, Dupleix in person led out
all the forces he could collect and camped 4 miles away. It
was moon-light and an attack on our out-towns was expected that
night. As they were preparing for it next morning, Griffin arrived
with 4 ships, on which a signal was given from Pondichery and
the French withdrew. Only 2 French ships supposed to be the
privateers, are reported on the Malabar coast. A French ship, the
Cibele, reached Pondichery on January 4 and sailed again in 4
days. She brought news of the French fleet designed for India, the
defeat of which by Anson is reported from Bombay. Immediately
afterwards Dupleix applied to the Nawab for his mediation and is
now preparing for defence.
Rosewell, late Agent Victualler of the Squadron, left suddenly
for Bengal June 15, 1747 and has since sent accounts relating to
victuals supplied at Madras in 1746- Desired Bengal to send him
hither, as Peyton said nothing could be done without his presence.
Rosewell has replied [ ? objecting]. Will discuss the matter with
Peyton and Morse. Send vouchers for 4,261 Pags. supplied to
our Surgeon for His Majesty's hospital from March 2, 1747, and
bills on the Admiralty for 1,500 dollars supplied to the Squadron.
Griffin is in the road with His Majesty's ships Princess Mary,
Preston, Pearl and Eltham, and Company's ships Bombay Castle,
Winchelsea and Exeter. Cannot overpraise Griffin's services in
keeping the sea all through the monsoon. He sailed north
September 28 and returned October 18 ; the wind being fresh
he did not anchor, but put to sea returning November II, with
the Medway and Pearl, having lost company with the rest of
the Squadron ; he sailed on November 16, returning on the
26th, when he left the Medway as a guard-ship and sailed to
rejoin the Squadron. On December 4, the Fogo, fireship, arrived
from Vizagapatam ; but the sea being high, she parted her cables,
and that night the Medway also was driven out of the road. The
Fogo drove ashore on the 7th but all her crew were saved. On
the Medway' s reaching Trincomalee, Griffin at once sent the
Harwich which arrived here January 2. Ever since Griffin has
been in India, he has done his very best in the Company's defence.
Supplement : Have detained the Warwick 4 or 5 days in
order to complete the packet, though her charterparty time
expired January 31. Diamonds, etc., registered 117,244 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) sailing orders for the Warwick ; (2) register
of diamonds, etc. ; (3) list of sundries permitted to be shipped as
presents; and (4) list of the packet.
52 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
DESPATCH FROM CHARLES FLOYER, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
FORT St. DAVID. APRIL 25, 1748. [Public Despatches to Eng-
land, Vol. 1 6, pp. 91 IOI {Copy lOl/2 pp.) Damaged.]
The Porto Bello, Prince William and True Briton arrived March 30,
and the Swallow snow on April II. Major Stringer Lawrence
has taken his seat as Third of Council. The Company says he
is to draw the same pay, etc, as Major Knipe ; but as it is not
known what that was, have fixed his salary as Major at £300,
with allowances of 50 Pags. a month, and with £70 a year as
Third of Council. He is showing great activity and the garrison
has improved more than could have been expected in so short a
time. Of the Madras servants, have entertained Matthew Empson,
William Smyth King, Hugh Morris and John Trenwith, with the
same standing as they had at Madras, allowing them to count as
service the time between the capture of Madras and their re-
entertainment, without which they would not have rejoined.
Have promised the same to Clive, Maskelyne and Bulkeley,
now serving as Ensigns. The other Madras servants here have
refused to rejoin at present.
The merchants have promised about 3,000 bales by September,
provided they receive sufficient advances. Hope to have bales
enough for 2 ships ; but as there is no beating-godown and but
few washers, may not be able to cure them all. Have despatched
the Prince William and True Briton to Bengal with 40 chests of
rupees. The latter also carried money and stores for the Northern
factories. Our Vakil returned from Nasir Jang March 18. He
succeeded in getting rid of the Pathan horse he had contracted for,
and brought friendly letters from Nasir Jang and others and
farmans to the various officers of the province to assist the English.
Believe the country wishes well to us, as the fall of Madras has been
succeeded by a great stagnation of trade. The expense of the
expedition has been small considering Nasir Jang's rank.
Jackson died here March 20, and Sidney Foxall April 4. The
death of the latter is the more unlucky as no one has the least
knowledge of assaying, and the Mint shroffs must be implicitly
trusted for the fineness of the pagodas. Hope an Assay-master
and Assistant may be sent out. The Mint is at present under the
inspection of William Holt who lives in Cuddalore.
As the French have a troop of horse which have been making
raids near the Bounds, have been obliged to raise one also, on
Lawrence's advice. Lieutenant Gingins and Hallyburton have
been appointed Lieutenants and Ensign Cheeseborough Cornet.
CALENDAR FOR 1747-1748 53
Have only been able to provide horses, etc., for 30, but hope shortly
to raise it to 100.
Desire copies of the last books sent home from Madras and of
such other books and papers as the Company considers necessary.
The Madras conicoplies left their palm-leaf accounts behind them
when they left the place. No covenanted servant here thinking
himself qualified to act as Sub-Accountant, have appointed Charles
Hopkins who kept the Madras accounts latterly, and have nominat-
ed him a factor as he was not willing otherwise to accept the post.
Some chintz saved from Madras is now being finished ; and
Coja Mirza has furnished dyed Masulipatam goods for the provision
of which he had received an advance from Madras. The Fort St.
David merchants after much pressing are about to pay off one-third
of their old balances and promise the remainder in 3 months ;
these terms have been accepted as they are engaged in this year's
investment. Send a list of certain bonds granted by Morse, etc.,
at Madras ; but the list is believed to be incomplete. John Gray,
formerly Master-Carpenter at Madras, has petitioned, stating that,
when the French Squadron arrived off the Coast, he was ordereci to
make a great number of gun-carriages, but that, being unable to
get an advance from Council, he borrowed money from various in-
habitants, who are now demanding repayment. He bore a good
character at Madras and has been diligent and useful here. Peter
Dencker has also petitioned for payment for provisions supplied
to the garrison at Madras from August 18 to September 7, 1746.
The Governor, etc., of Negapatamhave written announcing that
they have received orders to do all possible damage to the French
by land and sea.
The diamonds, etc., registered amount to 2,500 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds ; (2) list of 13 bonds
granted by the Governor, etc., of Madras amounting to 103,048
Pags. ; and (3) list of the packet.
Despatch from the Company to John Hinde, etc. East
INDIA HOUSE. JULY 24, 1747. [Public Despatches from England,
Vol. 51, pp. 47-49 (Original 3 pp.)]
Acknowledge the receipt on April 20 of the despatch dated
October 17, 1746. Letters overland from Bombay announce the
repulse of the French before Fort St. David. Constitute Fort
St. David the head-settlement, and appoint John Hinde, President
and Governor of all the Company's settlements on the Coro-
mandel, Orissa and Sumatra coasts, with Edward Croke, Stringer
54 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Lawrence, Charles Floyer, William Holt, Alexander Wynch and
Thomas Cooke Junior as Council. Lawrence and the officers who
accompanied him must act in the Fort St. David garrison. Enclose
copy of a resolution of a General Court, and forbid any treaty to
be made with any country or other power for the ransom of Madras.
In case the Nawab should restore Madras to the English, all
effects are to be removed to Fort St. David and bare possession kept
of Madras. The service of the Madras servants was terminated
by the capture of the place ; but those judged suitable may be re-
admitted and the rest may be allowed a reasonable subsistence.
Sanction such expense as may be necessary to fortify and secure
Fort St. David. Hinde may nominate a provisional successor.
Enclose a list of the investment; the Madras merchants should
be encouraged as much as possible to come and perform their con-
tracts at Fort St. David. The Porto Bello should be returned to
England at once with all the fine goods on hand. Have ordered
the other presidencies to carry on a friendly correspondence with
Fort St. David and concert proper measures for the Company's
security. Fordyce and Rider (appointed Chaplains at Madras) are
to be entertained at Fort St. David on the usual terms. The new
President and Council are to receive the salaries and allowances
that were given at Madras. Bills may be drawn, for money paid
into cash, at 90 days' sight at 85. the pagoda for Company's servants
or in return for coral sent for Europe, and at 7s. Sd. for all other
persons and accounts. Lawrence, though of Council, is not to be
embarrassed with any affairs other than the care of the military.
A clear statement is required of all demands due for money bor-
rowed at Madras; no payments of such are to be made till further
orders.
Despatch from the Company to John Hinde, etc. East
India House. October 16, 1747. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol $1, pp. 51-53 (Original 3 pp.)]
Overland news from Bombay has reported ' your gallant brave
defence ' against the French till Griffin's arrival in March.
Highly approve Captain Sumner's conduct in bringing the
Britannia to Fort St. David. This supply of money and goods
must have been exceedingly welcome. Have taken up 2 more
ships since the last despatch. ' On our strenuous application ' the
King is sending a strong Squadron under Rear-Admiral Boscawen,
under whose orders the Company's shipping is now sent. When
the Admiral has no more need of them, they will pass under the
Council's authority.
I
CALENDAR FOR 1 747-1748 55
As soon as possible 4 ships, with lead on board, 10 chests of
treasure each, and such suitable goods as may be available, are to
be despatched to China, consigned to the supercargoes at Canton,
or, if there should be none there by the 20th of October to the
Captains acting in council with the linguist James Flint who con-
stantly resides there. All surplus treasure to be sent to Bengal,
and the shipping disposed of to the best advantage. The ships
bring out more cannon than required by the charterparties ; all
such surplus cannon are to be delivered to the Council with their
carriages, shot, etc., and also ' the Orlopes on board ' in case they
are not taken by the Admiral. In case Boscawen requires assist-
ance against the French, all the Company's forces that can be
spared are to be put under his command.
Shall send perpetuanoes to Portsmouth in hopes of their arriving
in time to be laded. £1,500 worth of foreign silver to be deli-
vered to Captain James dimming of the Royal Duke as part of his
privilege.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. January 27 and February 3, 1748.
[Public Despatches from England, Vol. 51, pp. 55-63 (Original
9 PP.))
Cite despatch of October 16, 1747, despatched by II ships.
Acknowledge the receipt of despatches, dated January 10, 1747 (by
Hugonin) and May 2 and 15 (by the Lapwing). This goes by the
Hardwicke. She has aboard 300 bales of broadcloth, and 50
tons of iron to be forwarded to Bengal ; also 30 bales of long ells
and 70 tons of lead to be sent with 25 chests of silver to
China. The Scarborough, Duke of Dorset and Wager are laded
chiefly with naval stores for the Squadron. When these are landed
the ships are to be sent to China with 25 chests of treasure each
and the lead and long ells already on board. These ships must
be sent at all events to China besides the 4 mentioned in the
despatch of October 16, in order to reduce the tonnage to be filled
up in India. In case the latter 4 ships have not been despatched,
10 more chests of treasure are to be put aboard each. There are
great debts in Bengal ; so as much treasure must be sent thither
as possible. There is a great demand for calicoes and beteellas
in Europe; all the cloth possible must be secured according
to the last investment list. Monson reports that the new mer-
chants' balances at Madras amounted to 16,000 Pags. when
the place was taken ; these must be recovered as well as the old
56 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
merchants' balances (18,478 Pags. on January 31, I745\ and what
was due from the Chintadripet Managers (10,065 Pags. on the same
date), reasonable time for payment being allowed. Approve the
opening of a gold and silver mint at Cuddalore ; one of the cove-
nanted servants should be trained in assaying under Sidney
Foxall, who is to be employed on his old salary until the Company
reinstates him. The desertion of the English by the Nawab and
his sons offers a warning against trusting the Country powers too
far or paying them more than is necessary. Trust that, as not
only the Company's property but also the property and liberty of
all the English at Fort St. David are at stake, the new works are
adequate to the defence of the place. Confirm Charles Floyer as
President and Governor; Edward Croke as Second (his refusal of
the Governorship being approved) ; Stringer Lawrence as Third ;
Richard Prince as Fourth and to succeed as Governor in case of
Floyer's death or absence; and Thomas Saunders, William Holt,
Robert Goodere, Alexander Wynch, and Foss Westcott as Fifth,
etc., of Council. Each member is to take an oath of fidelity to
the Company and give the usual security. Vacancies to be filled
by the next in standing according to the list sent home by the
Lapwing until it is decided whether the Madras servants shall be
readmitted. Will await the result ot the embassy to Nizam-ul-
mulk before deciding anything about John Hallyburton.
As the Lieutenants of the Madras garrison ' did not forfeit their
honours by its loss ' and have behaved well since, Captains'
commissions may be granted to such as Council deems proper. ' Be
sure to encourage Ensign Clive in his martial pursuits according
to his merit; any improvement he shall make there shall be duly
regarded by us.' Will send all the recruits that can be got.
An accurate account of the quick stock must be sent by every
ship. All coin and bullion to be kept by the President, Second
and Fourth, 'except a running cash of 20,000 Pags.' kept by the
President. Muster-rolls of the garrison, lists of marriages, births
and burials, and lists of the inhabitants must be sent annually.
As the Roman Catholic priests and inhabitants at Madras have
ever acted treacherously, especially at its capture, Roman Catholics
may have no church or priests in the English bounds, nor publicly
profess their religion. Understand that an Italian priest, turned
out of the bounds by Hinde, has since been readmitted ; disapprove
of this. Have decided that the Delaivar be sent on to the Malabar
coast to be laded for Benjar and China. The Madras servants
may be continued in employment till the Company has decided
about their reinstatement. The Dolphin has been ordered to call at
CALENDAR FOR 1747-1748 57
Fort St. David on her way from Bombay to Bengal. La Bourdon-
nais has recently been seized at Falmouth on his way home from
St. Eustacia. Any French prisoners taken in India who cannot be
exchanged should be sent to Europe not more than 15 on any one
ship. Have received application from Mrs. Madeiros for the pay-
ment of 3 bonds for 35,000 Pags. and 30,000 Rs.t lent by her
husband to the Governor, etc., at Madras in 1745. Repeat the
former orders for a full statement of the claims for money lent at
Madras.
Postscript: 16 more chests of silver are to be sent to China.
In case of need, writers may be summoned to Fort St. David from
Sumatra.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. February 10, 1748. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 51, pp. 65-68 (Original 4 pp.)]
This goes by the Dolphin, which, in case of danger from French
ships, will sail direct to Fort St. David. Repeat orders about the
Madras debts and other paragraphs of the last despatch. Have
engaged Captain Alexander Delavaux * as Chief Engineer and
Captain of the Train of Artillery, on a salary of £200 a year
commencing from Christmas last, payable at 95. the pagoda. He
is to have an apartment in the Fort, diet-money, a palankin and
servants as one of Council, with his travelling expenses when on
the Company's business. He will receive the same military and
other honours as one of Council. Separate instructions have been
given to Floyer about him. Thomas Heath entertained with rank
as writer to serve under Delavaux. Special care must be taken
about all accounts of advances, etc., to the Admiral and the
securing of proper bills of exchange.
Separate Despatch per Lapwing from the Company
to [Charles Floyer] Governor of Fort St. David.
East India House. February 10, 1748. [Letter Book, Vol.
27, pp. 66-69 (India Office transcript.))
When the settlements were first founded, the fortifications were
planned unskilfully and are so extensive as to require larger
garrisons than the Company can maintain. Also the inhabitants
have in times past been allowed to build, etc., too close to
* In the List of soldiers on the Lapwing (p. 149 of the Despatch volume) he is
described as a Prussian 40 years of age.
8
58 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
the walls. To remedy these defects, have appointed Captain
Alexander Delavaux Chief Engineer of all the Company's settle-
ments. On arrival at Fort St. David, he shall survey all military
works to enable him to decide what changes are necessary to
render them capable of being defended by a garrison of not more
than 600. He shall then make plans of the fortifications as they
are and of the alterations he proposes to make, providing for
proper casemates, bomb-proofs, magazines, godowns for the Com-
pany's business and a supply of good water. The plans are to be
considered in consultation with Lawrence, proper estimates framed
and the necessary materials provided with the greatest frugality.
Work people are to be under the direction of the Engineer, and
not to be otherwise employed. The Engineer is to be allowed
what clerks are necessary to keep and check the accounts of the
stores, etc., and peons to keep the workmen to their duty. A
Company's servant shall be appointed Paymaster to pay for all
materials and to pay the wages of the work people, etc., on the
Engineer's certificates. A separate account shall be kept of all
expenses on military works. No buildings shall be erected and no
gardens allowed so near the fortifications as to obstruct their
defence. The Engineer shall prepare a plan and mark out the
distance within which it will be necessary to demolish all buildings
in case of attack. The owners of such houses must be warned.
In case of difference of opinion between Lawrence and the Engi-
neer, they shall put it in writing for the Governor's decision.
These opinions and all resolutions about military works shall be
entered in a separate book. Send a set of mathematical instru-
ments for the use of the Engineer. They are to be checked every
year. In case of the Engineer's death, the Governor shall select a
proper person to act for him till the Company can appoint a
successor. Any civil or military servant with a taste for engineer-
ing is to be instructed by the Engineer. Propose to form a
Company of Artillery at each presidency and send out men for the
purpose by the next ship. All sober and able bodied soldiers are
to be encouraged to learn the gun exercise, and may be preferred
to the Artillery Company where the pay will be rather better.
Reasonable allowance of gunpowder, shot and shells is to be made
for the purpose of the exercise.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1748- 1749.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. September 2, 1748. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 6, pp. I02-IIO (Copy 8% pp.) Damaged.]
The Company's ships Lapwing, Scarborough, Duke of Dorset,
Wager and Hardwicke arrived between June 8 and July 8. On July
26 arrived His Majesty's ships Namur, Deptford and Young Eagle,
bomb-tender. On July 27 arrived His Majesty's ships Vigilant,
Pembroke, Chester, Ruby, Swallow sloop, Basilisk bomb, Apollo hospital
ship, St. Francis snow, and Porto Bello tender, with the Company's
ships Delawar, Edgebaston, Chesterfield, Admiral Vernon, Rhoda, Royal
Duke, Lincoln, Edgecote, Elisabeth, Fort St. George and Royal George.
His Majesty's ship Deal Castle arrived August 4. The Scarborough,
Duke of Dorset and Wager, after landing the King's stores, were
despatched for China. Of the 4 China ships that arrived with
Boscawen, 2 were despatched August 29, the watering and victual-
ling the fleet and landing the Artillery having occupied all the
boats and catamarans for some time; the other 2 will be despatch-
ed when Boscawen needs them no longer.
Have laded on the Benjamin (which carries this) 200 bales of
cloth and 20 candies of redwood. She will be filled up with
pepper and despatched to England from Sumatra. Regret the
impossibility of lading another ship. The merchants now say that
they promised 3,000 bales by mistake, that they never meant
more than 1,500, and that they had brought in 770 bales with great
difficulty owing to the troubles occasioned by the deaths of the
Moghal and Nizam-ul-mulk.
Should havej^ent the Lapwing with rupees to Bengal, but for
the appearance%f a French Squadron of 8 sail on June 10. Griffin
was in the road with His Majesty's ships Princess Mary, Exeter,
York, Harwich, Preston, Eltham, Pearl, Medway's Prize and Lively, and
the Company's ships Winchelsea, Bombay Castle and Exeter. About
II that night he weighed and stood to the northward. But the
60 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
French ships never came near Pondichery, landing their treasure
and recruits in two hours at Madras; they also left there the
Princess Amelia (fitted as a hospital-ship) and a sloop. As it was
likely the French had sailed for Bengal, the Lapwing was detained
till further orders. The Exeter and Winchelsea were sent on the
25th under convoy of the Medzvay's Prize and Apollo with 75 chests
of treasure for Bengal and 32,000 Madras Pags. with 2 chests of
treasure for the Northern settlements. Will send 75 more chests
of treasure by the Porto Bello and Bombay Castle, and will then have
I40 chests remaining for the War, the investment, etc.
When Griffin sailed in pursuit of the French, Dupleix thought it
an opportunity to attack Cuddalore. 2,000 men (of whom deserters
reported 900 to be Europeans) marched out on the night of June
16, and at noon next day they were reported 4 miles due west of
Cuddalore. Lawrence ordered a party of sepoys into Cuddalore
and went there himself in the evening. The French attacked
briskly about a quarter past nine, but retreated in less than an
hour with the loss of their Commanding Officer, 30 Europeans
and 50 sepoys, besides many deserters. Could a field-piece or two
have been sent into Cuddalore as well as the sepoys, the enemy's
loss would have been much greater ; but the English having given
out that they intended to abandon Cuddalore on the approach of
the French, the latter were so surprised that they made no further
attempt on the place.
As soon as Boscawen's troops were landed, they camped east
of the Garden House till the stores and train were ashore. On
August 8, the King's and Company's troops marched, but were so
hindered by their baggage that they only reached Ariyankuppam,
on the I2th. The fort there was so strong that it was not taken till
the 19th. Lawrence and Captain Bruce (of the Independents) were
made prisoners in an attack on the English trenches. The Com-
pany's troops however were gallantly rallied by Captain Hollond
who drove the French out again. Hollond has received a musket-
shot in his shoulder. Lawrence has written to say that he and
Bruce are being very well-treated. John Hallyburton has been
shot by a sepoy whom he was reprimanding for some fault ; the
murderer was at once cut to pieces by his companions. The troops
are now camped north of Pondichery, where they are landing
heavy artillery and carrying on approaches.
The Princess Augusta brought a cargo of timber and arrack from
Batavia in May. Other shipping news.
CALENDAR FOR 1748-1749 61
If the Company's orders to close the Roman Catholic Church
were executed, not one of the 529 topasses in garrison would
remain. Lawrence considered they behaved very well in the
attack on Cuddalore, and did not think the risk of losing them
should be run. None have deserted, though it would not be possi-
ble to prevent them from doing so if they wished. The orders
shall be carried out as soon as there are Europeans enough in the
garrison.
The Madras merchants have been summoned to settle their
accounts. Hopkins who was Sub- Accountant was ill for a while, and
then found that the charge of the boats when Boscawen's Squadron
arrived would take up most of his time ; so he resigned and has
been struck off the list of covenanted servants. John Duncumbe,
who is said to be experienced in book-keeping, has been appointed
Sub-Accountant. Send accounts of advances to ships' Captains for
provisions and to Belsches for the Naval hospital. The Fort St.
David works are at a stand-still as Boscawen has most of the brick-
layers with him. The Governor, etc., return thanks for their
appointment and will find the required sureties. Wynch has
accompanied Boscawen to camp. The embassy to Nasir Jang
cost 20,518 Pags.
Appended are: — (i) sailing orders for the Benjamin; and (2)
list of the packet.
I
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
FORT ST. DAVID. OCTOBER II, 1748. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 6, pp. 1 10— 112 {Copy 2% pp.)]
Have laded 300 bales of cloth and 30 tons of redwood on board
the Oxford which is being sent to fill up with pepper at Tellicherry.
Prince and Westcott arrived September 28 and have' taken their
seats in Council. Father Severini has applied for repayment of a
bond for 6,000 Pags. given by the Governor, etc., of Madras for
money received on account of the orphans. Mrs. Medeiros has also
applied for the repayment of her 3 bonds. Boscawen has been
forced to raise the siege of Pondichery by the lateness of the
season and the sickliness of his people. 1,000 are now in hospital.
The troops returned here October 7. Shipping news, etc.
Postscript — October 12 : Have drawn bills on the Company for
£100.
Appended is the list of the packet.
62 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. October 17, 1748. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 16, pp. 113 -117 (Copy aV2 pp.)]
Sent by the Swift snow which Floyer is sending to England.
Since September 2, Lieutenant Browne of the Bengal detachment
and Ensign Wright of the Bombay detachment have been killed.
Enclose a return of the losses of the Company's troops before Pondi-
chery. Boscawen is discussing an exchange of prisoners with
Dupleix who is willing to give up all but Lawrence. Boscawen has
replied that unless Lawrence is included, all his prisoners s4*all be
sent to Europe. Captain Morgan having resigned, Captain Hollond
(who is almost recovered of his wound) is acting as Commandant.
It is generally believed that the Charter for the Mayor's Court at
Madras gives the Council no power to establish a Civil Court at
Fort St. David ; desire the Company's instructions.
Shipping news. Prince has been made Paymaster; Wynch,
Import Warehouse-keeper and Customer of Devanampattanam ;
Westcott, Store-keeper and Scavenger ; Saunders, Chief of Vizaga-
patam ; Goodere, Resident at Ingeram ; Churchey, Second ; and
Banks Third at Vizagapatam. Charles Nicholls (Resident at Nega-
patam) died in July ; he has been replaced by Peter St. Paul who
came out with Boscawen and speaks several languages. Diamonds
registered amount to 65,557 Pags.
Postscript — October 19: Captain John de Morgan has delivered
in a Madras bond for 1,200 Pags., dated 1745.
Appended are: — (i) register of diamonds; and (2) list of the
packet.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company-
Fort St. DAVID. JANUARY 16, 1749. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 17, pp. I -4 (Copy iVi PP-)\
This goes by the Lapwing, ordered to call in for despatches.
Will write more fully sending books, papers, etc., by the ships
expected from Bengal, Porto Bello, True Briton or Winchelsea.
Will not be able to fill all ; so one must be sent to fill with pepper
at Tellicherry. Acknowledge the receipt of despatch of May 10.
1748, sent overland. As Boscawen will discharge the Company's
ships on their return here after the monsoon, have sent the Colchester
with some redwood and saltpetre to fill at Tellicherry, where there
are 1,200 tons of surplus pepper. Shipping news.
\
CALENDAR FOR 1748-1749 63
Tfye day after news of the cessation of arms arrived, Boscawen
reported it to Dupleix, who at once released Major Lawrence and
Captain Bruce on their paroles. On the arrival of the Favorite at
Pondichery on January 7, he released his other prisoners also
and Lawrence was able to take charge again of the garrison
from Captain Hollond, who had become the senior officer on
Captain de Morgan's resignation owing to age and ill-health.
Hollond held the command on the same terms as Captain Gibson,
and now, as there is no more prospect of active service, he will
take the first ship to Bengal. Morgan's vacancy was filled with
William Henry Southby, a Lieutenant of Marines recommended by
Boscawen. When Gingins was appointed to the Troop of Horse,
John Scrimsour, the next senior officer, was given his company with
the proviso that, if the Company disallowed the Troop, he was to
surrender the Captaincy to Gingins ; in Scrimsour's room promoted
James Cope, Lieutenant and Adjutant, in reward for his pains in
disciplining the Military. Needing another Artillery officer, gave
a commission to Peter Nost, Bombardier of His Majesty's Train ;
at present he is serving as an Ensign in the Military but will shortly
be made a Lieutenant in the Artillery.
Will have about 1,500 bales to send home besides the 500 sent
by the Benjamin and Oxford. Consider them of pretty good quality,
but the prices of some varieties had to be raised 2 Pags. the corge,
as inferior cloth was coming in owing to the troubles and the
dearness of cotton. The French buying nothing and the Dutch
little, could have had a much greater number of bales if the mer-
chants could have been supplied with more money ; but ' the
prodigious expenses we have been at lately ' and the uncertainty
of the next supply, prevented large advances being given.
Have permitted Lennox to remain in India as he has not been
able to collect in all his effects, or dispose of all his goods, which
the expected peace may probably permit him to do. Enclose an
account of the expenses of the siege of Pondichery, amounting to
94,558 Pags. and a statement of the stores expended ; applied to
Boscawen for reimbursement and enclose the correspondence. On
hisrepresenting that the subsistence money allowed by His Majesty
was insufficient to maintain the men, and giving in a list of what
further allowance should be made to the officers and privates, the
extra allowance was granted as there was great discontent amongst
them.
The Porto Bello and True Briton have now arrived. Have not
yet received the accounts from the subordinate factories to permit
64 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
sending a statement of the Company's quick stock. Diamonds
registered 100,470 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds ; (2) manifest of
sundries shipped as presents ; and (3) list of the packet.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St David. February 22, 1749. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 17, pp. 10-31 {Copy 21% pp.)]
Cite despatches of April 25, September 2, October II and 17, 1748,
and January 16. Now write by the Porto Bello. By His Majesty's
ship Tartar on January 28 and Company's ship Pelham on February 2
received despatches of May 18 and June 27 [Wanting]. Most of the
Squadron is now refitting at Crankanella Bay, whither the Pelham
has gone to deliver her naval stores. Other shipping news.
Though there was an unexpectedly large amount of tonnage, hoped
with all the unbleached cloth in the warehouse, with what more
could speedily be procured, and with redwood and saltpetre, to be
able to fill both the Porto Bello and Winchelsea, the True Briton being
sent to fill with pepper at Tellicherry ; but the Winchelsea brought
only 314 instead of 700 bales from Vizagapatam and Ingeram (200
bales were badly wetted going down the river from Ingeram and
could not be sent off), so that only the Porto Bello can be laded home,
and the Winchelsea must be sent to bring pepper, timber, etc., from
Malabar, and (it is hoped) will be despatched for Europe in May.
All this might have been avoided if the Porto Bello had been
ordered in Bengal to call for the Northern bales, for then the
Winchelsea would have arrived in time to be sent to fill with pepper,
and the Porto Bello and the True Briton (smaller ships) could have
been fully laded at Fort St. David. Other shipping news. The
Princess Augusta has been sent to Bengal, and the Brilliant to
Bombay, for repairs. Byers, Captain of the latter, having died on
October 29, has been replaced by Edward Burman, Lieutenant in
the Artillery and an experienced seaman, on condition that this
service shall not prejudice his rank in the Army.
On application to Boscawen, the treasure on the Tartar was
landed here for coinage, and that by the Pelham is now being
coined. Shall forward a great part of it to Bengal ; 45 chests of
rupees already sent. Of the treasure received last year, 190 chests
of rupees were sent to Bengal ; that was all that could be spared,
and when the Tartar and Pelham arrived, there was little left in
cash. Agreed to sell the broadcloth to the Fort St. David mer-
chants on the terms usual at Madras ; but they crying off, it was
CALENDAR FOR I 748-1 749 65
all sold to Linga Chetti at the same rate, on his agreeing to pay
for the whole within 12 months. Have sent to Bengal large quan-
tities of the lead and iron on the ships that came out with
Boscawen. Have sold the Madeira wine already received at 50
Pags. the pipe. The country ship Fort St. George was laded at
Vizagapatam with 20 pipes of that brought out by the Oxford but
was chased off Madras by one of His Majesty's ships and has not
since been heard of ; fear she is either lost or taken. 75 barrels
of gunpowder landed from the Porto Bello, etc., was so bad that it
had to be re-made. Rice and wheat sent from Bengal were not only
extremely bad but deficient in weight. Linga Chetti reports that
the dollars sent out by the Tartar are of a new sort, and of inferior
fineness, being 4 dwt. worse than standard ; those sent by the
Pelham are the same.
On receiving treasure by the Porto Bello, etc., contracted at once
with the merchants for an investment. Including the bales sent
by the Benjamin and Oxford, have provided 2,103 bales ; could not
make advances for a larger quantity owing to the expense of the
fortifications and other calls. Expected a considerable investment
from the Northern factories, which were kept well supplied with
money ; but the disturbances arising from disputes between the
Nawab and the Rajahs prevented more than 514 bales being pro-
vided, of which 200 had to be returned to be repacked. But this
year have better prospects both there and here. 200 bales of
unbleached cloth were laded on the Porto Bello when it was
hoped to send the Winchelsea home as well ; and these have
had to be continued on board as it would take too long to replace
them by others. Bleaching has been greatly hindered by much
rain in December and cloudy weather in the beginning of January.
Floyer wrote to the Madras merchants about their balances,
and several answered that they were coming to Fort St. David ;
none have come yet, because their losses at Madras have made
them shy of coming so near to the French at Pondichery ; but the
prospect of peace will doubtless remove their fears. The Fort St.
David merchants have cleared their balances.
A present of about 1,000 Pags. was ordered to be prepared
for the Nawab when* he visited Porto Novo, but he made so short
a stay that the present was not made. At present the country is
quiet and there has been little correspondence with the country
powers. The work on the fortifications had to be suspended on
Boscawen's arrival, the coolies and artificers being needed at camp ;
but hope to complete by May or June the horn work, the lunettes
9
66 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
on the east and west, and the glacis, together with the works begun
at Cuddalore. Delavaux has proposed a new work to strengthen
P the southern face of the Fort next the river ; his plan has been
approved by Floyer and Lawrence, and will be put in hand when
the other works are complete. The Company will be able to judge
its utility by the plan of the Fort now sent. The progress made
since the despatch by the Warwick is particularised in Floyer's
despatch to the Secret Committee.
Have built a godown near the Bandipalaiyam washing-place for
the cloth in process of being bleached, as much was being damaged
by rats and white ants. Have also built stabling for 110 horses
for the Troop. 13,581 Pags. awarded as compensation for houses
pulled down in Devanampattanam and the Colloway, to be distribut-
ed by Croke and Wynch. On July I, 1748, the cowle for the Bounds
Rent was renewed for 5 years at the increased rent of 4,000 Pags.
a year to the old renter, it having been long rented by his family
and the increased rent being as much as was offered by others.
The Arrack Farm has been suspended, as on Lawrence's recom-
mendation the retailing of spirits was prohibited within the
Bounds. During the siege of Pondichery, the Land-duty on grain
was taken off to encourage its import.
Robert Turing, long in the Company's service and Surgeon at
Vizagapatam, has been brought down to assist Belsches as Second
Surgeon here) the work being too great for one man- Turing
highly deserves the Company's favour. Have readmitted Richard
Starke and John Pybus to the Company's service with their old
standing ; Starke is Upper-Searcher in the Cuddalore Customs-house
and Pybus Sub-Secretary. Richard Fairfield and John Starke, sent
out as writers for Madras, have been brought down from Bengal,
whither they went as Madras was taken. Delavaux represents
that Thomas Heath has no turn for engineering ; so he is employed
under the Accountant. On Foxall's death appointed William
Holt to supervise the Mint on half the salary allowed to Foxall ;
he refused to accept less than the full salary ; but this was refused,
as he knows nothing of assaying ; so at present he has no allowance
as Assay-Master. Thomas Cooke, allowed to visit Bengal on private
affairs in October, has just returned. Richard Rider, appointed
Chaplain at Madras, died at Batavia on his way from Sumatra to
Fort St. David. Have allowed 8 Pags. a month each to Phoebe
Graham and Elizabeth Smith, as they are in poor circumstances
and their late husbands were pretty high in the Company's
service. John Savage, late of Council at Madras, died in July. On
CALENDAR FOR 1748-1749 67
Delavaux' arrival, George Jones handed over charge of the works
and the Train, and went to Tranquebar. When the troops set out
for Pondichery, Lawrence required more officers; soon Boscawen's
recommendation Thomas Greenville and Allen Stuart (who came
out with him as volunteers) were made Ensigns ; the latter has since
resigned. Have given the Lieutenants commissions as Captains,
and appointed John Scrimsour Lieutenant of Lawrence's com-
pany as a reward for his conduct when the French attacked
Cuddalore. Benjamin Pigou has been made Ensign. The
European privates were rewarded for their conduct at Cuddalore
with 2 shirts each, the sepoys' Chiefs with a few yards of broad-
cloth and their people with a turban or sash each. On de Morgan's
resignation, he applied for something more than half-pay, in
consideration of his poverty and large family ; have allowed him a
pension of 25 Pags. a month till the Company's pleasure is known.'
James Cope has been promoted Captain-Lieutenant on Lawrence's
advising that there was generally an officer of that rank in the
1st company. The officers of His Majesty's Train having no
commissions under that of Lieutenant, corresponding commissions
were given to those of the Company's Train During the siege,
Boscawen reported that the Company's troops needed more officers
to perform the necessary duty, and recommended some of his
volunteers. So John Grant, William Boyde, Matthew Samson,
Samuel Samson, and John Innis were made Ensigns; and Samuel
Worral, Cornet. Boyde and Matthew Samson have since resigned,
and their places have been filled by William Gordon and Peter
Nost. Lawrence Donaldson and John Brooks, who came out with
Lawrence, and Ensign William de Morgan died last year. The
last had property amounting to 262 Pags. Ensign Love command-
ing at Vizagapatam has been promoted Lieutenant on Prince's
recommendation. The Troop of horse is of infinite service, as it can
be relied on ; its expense will be more than recouped by the dismis-
sal of peons who were of little service at Pondichery ; and it will
be extremely useful in releasing goods stopped in the country, etc.
Boscawen agrees that it will be much more useful than peons, of
whom he has a poor opinion. The horses have cost 19,412 Pags.
Have sent home 3 soldiers unfit for duty who must otherwise
have been invalided. The Military Regulations shall be put in
execution ' as near as possible ' — indeed Lawrence has already
introduced most of them.
Have requested Peyton to certify the accounts relating to the
Squadron when under his and Barnett's command ; but he objected
68 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
that they all related to Barnett's time, and would say no more than
that if Morse could produce orders for the purchase of the provi-
sions that were in the warehouse when Madras was taken, the
Victualling Board would allow the claim- Now furnish a statement
of all the accounts Morse has as yet furnished, but he has many
papers still at Tranquebar not yet drawn out into regular accounts.
The wife of Coja Sultan David (formerly an inhabitant of
Madras but now residing at Pondichery) drew bills at Ispahan on
her husband in favour of the President, etc., of Bombay. They
attached 20,000 Rs. of Sultan David's, in the hands of President
Wake and also took a bond for 8,580 Rs. from Coja Shawmier
(Sultan David's son) for the balance of the bills. This bond was
sent to Fort St. David for collection. Sultan David agreed not to
contest the attachment of the 20,000 Rs. ; but, neither he nor his son
having sufficient to pay off the bond in full, he was allowed to
offset the amount of the bond against bonds granted him by Morse,
etc., at Madras.
On January 23, seven sail of French ships reached Madras where
they landed many sick. They are believed to be from the Islands.
On their way they captured a Dutch ship from Japan and sent her
to the Islands, not knowing of the cessation of arms. Off Pulicat
they seized an English country ship and carried her into Madras,
but soon released her. On January 29 they came to Pondichery ;
and on February II, one sailed for Bengal. The same day 2 French
ships arrived, said to be from Europe, with much treasure and many
men, but our intelligence is not wholly reliable. 5 are now under
sail, said to be bound for France. Will publish the declaration
about the Dutch as ordered.
On Griffin's return from Madras in June 1748, he wrote inquiring
whether we were able to defend the Fort and Bounds if he went
in search of the enemy's Squadron. The opinions of Lawrence
and Delavaux were sent, with a state of the garrison, etc.
These he laid before a Council of War which resolved to deliver
up the Company's ships and the Company's men aboard the
Squadron, and to go in search of the enemy, if the Fort, etc., could
be defended with the garrison and the men who might be taken
from the ships. Lawrence's and Delavaux ' opinions were again
taken, and the result communicated to Griffin ; but he did nothing
in consequence. His Majesty's ship Preston being condemned,
her guns were delivered to Floyer, etc. They were very welcome
as most of the guns mounted on the Fort were honey-combed. His
Majesty's ship Medway has also been condemned and her guns will
CALENDAR FOR 1748-1749 69
be delivered by Boscawen. On May I, 1748, His Majesty's ship
Medway's Prize brought in the Sta. Catarinka, from Persia. She had a
French Commander and was pretty plainly proved to belong to the
French. She and her cargo were accordingly sold. Soon after
Coja Petrus Uscan wrote from Pulicat that she was owned by
Armenian, Portuguese and Muhammadan merchants, whose com-
plaints to the Country Government might injure the Company's
investment. He was told in reply that the Council had resolved not
to interfere with the Squadron, and then desired that the matter
might be referred to Europe. A Balasore grainship going into
Madras was taken by the Benjamin when under Griffin's orders.
She had a French half-caste as Captain. Her cargo was adjudged
good prize but she herself was released. On the owners' complaint,
the Country Government is hindering the Company's business in
Bengal. The Bombay Castle also took a Jedda ship commanded
by a Frenchman. She and her cargo were sold, on which Floyer
applied to the Prize Agent desiring him to deposit the proceeds in
the Company's treasury till she should have been condemned in
England ; but this was refused. When on the Malabar coast with
His Majesty's ships Exeter and Winchester, Captain Pawlett bought
fresh provisions at Tellicherry, paying for them by bill on Griffin's
Agent-Victualler ; but the latter refusing them, Pawlett gave bills
on the Admiralty.
Supplement : For lack of a proper person to register wills, the
wills of various persons who have died have been entered on the
Consultations. Morse has put in claims on the Company for 30,000
Pags. under bonds dated at Madras, June 12, and September 30, 1746.
Ships' Captains refuse to pay for gunnybags for their ballast.
Samuel Harrison owes the church stock 2,000 Pags. lent upon
his house at Madras. Have asked Mrs. Harrison for payment, but
she answers that she is just going to Europe and has already
remitted all her husband's money thither. Have laded 938 bales
on this ship ; her Fort St. David cargo is invoiced at 102,207 Pags.
Balance in Cash, 21,635 Pags. Diamonds registered 76,007 Pags.
Certificates granted for 116 Pags., for the estate of Oswald Saw
deceased.
Postscript : Bills drawn on the Company for 456 Pags. ; also
for 4,246 Pags., proceeds of a prize cargo received into the Com-
pany's Cash last August.
Appended are : — (i) sailing orders for the Porto Bello ; (2)
register of diamonds; (3) list of the packet; and (4) manifest of
sundries licensed as presents.
7o THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
FORT ST. DAVID. MAY II, 1749. [Public Despatches to England,
Vol. 17, PP- 40-43 (Copy 2V2 pp.)]
Have to report the loss of above 40 vessels on this Coast in a
violent storm on April 13 and 14. The losses include His Majesty's
ships Namur and Pembroke, which were lying at anchor in the Fort
St. David roads. They cut their cables ; but the Namur having lost
all her masts, anchored to avoid running on the Coleroon Point
and foundered ; the Pembroke * ran on the Point as she was trying
to weather it with all sails set, and split at once. Nearly 900 men
perished on these 2 ships, and only 35 were saved. No news has
been received of His Majesty's ships Apollo and St. Francis snow,
which are believed to be lost with 340 men aboard. The Company 's.
ships Winchelsea and Lincoln drove ashore a little south of the
Fort, but only 2 or 3 people were drowned, as the surf threw them
pretty high on the shore. The Princess Augusta was wrecked half-
way between here and Porto Novo, but most of her crew were
saved. His Majesty's ships Tartar, Deal Castle and Swallow, which
had sailed south with the Company's ship Edgebaston, lost all their
masts. The last-named was driven ashore off Pondichery, but
was got off with the aid of Dupleix and has sailed for Bengal.
The Company's ships Somerset, Royal George and Rhoda met the
storm at sea on their way from Bengal, but suffered little,
except that the Rhoda had to cut away her top masts. The
French and Dutch have suffered equally. 3 ships and 2 small
vessels belonging to the French drove ashore between here and
Pondichery. One is said to have been a 6o-gun ship, but all her
crew were saved ; another was bringing cannon from Madras and
foundered on the way. The Dutch have lost several ships, but the
exact number is unknown. There was a violent gale on the Malabar
coast on April 14, when a Company's sloop was lost on her way
to Anjengo. His Majesty's ship Syren was refreshing her people at
Colombo, and so escaped this disaster. She arrived April 30. She
had 50 chests of treasure for Bengal ; these were landed here as
only 4 chests of treasure remained with which to equip the China
ships. Will despatch 4 shortly. Will send the Royal George to
Batavia for arrack and timber. Shipping news.
* The Journal of the Master of the Pembroke is printed among the appendices to
Cambridge's History of the 11 ar.
CALENDAR FOR 1748-1749 71
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. MAY io, 1748. [Public Despatches j rom
England, Vol. 52, pp. 27-28 {Original 2pp.)]
Send copy of the Royal Proclamation declaring the cessation of
arms, under which hostilities are to cease in the East Indies 6
months after April 1930. The Company's ships are therefore to
be ordered to put into St. Helena and then make for the Downes
as was usual before the War. Arrival of ships. Are preparing to
despatch the Somerset and Pelham for the Coromandel coast and
Bengal. Should any men-of-war be coming home the Indiamen
may be ordered to accompany them.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. JUNE 17, 1748. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 52, pp. 29-37 {Original 9 pp.))
Cite despatch of May 10 sent overland, with duplicate sent by
His Majesty's ship Tartar. The supercargoes and linguist for Benjar
and China sail on the Pelham ; the Delawar with 1 5 chests of silver
and the presents for the Sultan of Benjar is to be sent at once to
Tellicherry to take in sandalwood. Send new Regulations * for
the Military and Artillery at Fort St. David. Cloth for their cloth-
ing is to be issued at prime cost, at 8s. per pagoda, at which rate
the salaries of covenanted servants, military, etc., are also to be paid.
Lawrence Witherington entertained as Captain-Lieutenant of the
Artillery Company and Director of the Laboratory, on £100 a year
commencing from March 7 last; also Henry Learner as First
Sergeant of the Train at 2s. a day. George Mandeville (supercargo
for Benjar and China) permitted to take out 170 yards of broad-
cloth remnants which are to be sold by the Council and the produce
delivered to him. John Hinde's estate may be remitted in bills on
the Company at 8s. the pagoda. All possible efforts must be made
to put the investment in a flourishing way. If the Somerset and
Pelham cannot be sent home with cargoes, they are to bring saltpetre,
rice, etc., from Bengal for Fort St. David and then be despatched to
China with 10 chests of treasure each.
By the last books received in England there was 'a very hand-
some balance ' to the credit of the Church stock of Fort St. George.
This was established so long ago that its origin is unknown, and
it would now be difficult to discover whether the gifts and legacies
with which it was founded were devoted to a particular purpose or
* The Regulations are printed in Wilson's Madras Army, i., pp. 52, etc., and 39, etc.
72 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
not and whether the large allowances that were paid to ' the poorer
sort ' at Madras had not exhausted the funds specially devoted
to that purpose. Part of the fund at least arose from trade-profits
made by lending money at respondentia, etc.; and before the
charter was granted [1726], it was usual for the ministers and
Church wardens to take charge of the estates of persons who died
leaving children but no will ; after the charter was granted,
executors and guardians often deposited trust-monies in the
Church stock, on account of its stability, accounts being annually
produced before the Vestry ; on the orphans coming of age, they
received their legacies with 5 % interest (though the current
rate is 7 or 8 %) less 5 % commission on the whole amount
due. Tt is said that when the French took Madras, the ministers
and Churchwardens destroyed the documents, bonds, etc., which
they held, in order to prevent them from falling into the hands
of the enemy ; but several debtors are said to have already
executed new bonds, while the rest are willing either to do the
same or pay what they owe. As now there are no ministers or
Churchwardens in Madras, the Company is willing to receive all
outstanding debts ; but the greatest caution must be observed to
secure a just distribution before any payments are made. Send an
account of how matters stood in 1745 ; this with the help of the
late Churchwardens will probably permit the preparation of a
statement of all debts and credits of the Fund; under debts the
sums due to each orphan and each charity should be severally
specified. Interest at 5 % is to be allowed on all sums paid
in on this account. Claims arising from any orphan coming of age
may be met in the proportion which the total debts bear to the
money paid in. It is also reported that there was another fund
(between 5 and 10,000 Pags.) for maintaining a Charity school and
that trustees were annually appointed. All money due to it should
be collected, and information sent regarding its origin, employ-
ment and amount.
Absolutely deny the Dutch claims to a monoply of the opium-
trade in the Straits of Malacca ; if Company's ships are molested,
Captains are to be authorized to resist and make reprisals. This
order is to be published as the Dutch are said to have done at
Surat, etc.
Government have permitted all the officers and men of the
Artillery Company and 12 Independent companies with Bos-
cawen to join the Company's service ; as many officers may be
entertained as there are vacancies for, and as many private men as
CALENDAR FOR 1748 1749 73
possible should be enlisted. Men not needed on the Coast may be
sent to Bengal or Bombay. Only officers who have behaved well
should be accepted. Non-commissioned officers and privates may
be given a bounty of 40 Rs. on enlistment, but those who are
promoted on transfer must be content with that instead of any
bounty. Major Goodyere is offered the post of Major at Bombay.
The Artillery company at Fort St. David is similarly to be filled up,
the officers being selected by Floyer, Lawrence and Goodyere or
any two of them, preference being given to such of the old gun-
room crew as may be fit for promotion. All those who join the
Company's service must engage to serve for 5 years except Major
Goodyere who is allowed an indefinite time before deciding
whether to quit His Majesty's service. The garrison at Bombay
has been fixed at 10 companies and that in Bengal at 5 companies
of foot, with a company of Artillery at each place.
letter from christopher mole, secretary to the
Company, to Charles Floyer, etc. East India House.
JUNE 22, 1748. [Public Despatches from England, Vol. 52, p. 41
{Original I p.)}
The Company has been unable to recover the money paid to
Belsches owing to the errors and irregularities of his accounts.
The like must be prevented in future. Shipping news.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. JULY 21, 1748. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol 52, p. 43 {Copy I p.)]
Cite despatch of June 17. Acknowledge the receipt of despatch,
dated September 27, and a letter from Floyer, dated October 8.
As the troubles may be supposed to be over, urge the need of
enlarging the investment ; fine beteellas are in great demand. The
last advices speak of Nasir Jang's coming to help the English ;
if he does, hope that the Council will remonstrate with him about
the English losses caused by want of timely assistance. Sumatra
and shipping.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. December 2, 1748. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 52, pp. 45-49 {Original 5 pp.)]
Cite despatch of July 2J. Have received letters from Floyer,
Lawrence and Griffin. Ships' arrivals. The conclusion of peace.
All possible means must be taken to send as many ships home as
74 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
possible, in order to lighten the burden of demurrage. Ships may
be sent home with 50, 100 or even 1 50 tons of dead freight, and in
no case is the charterparty tonnage to be exceeded. 4 ships
to be sent home with cargoes of pepper from Malabar or Sumatra.
Having considerable stocks of saltpetre, order no more than the
charterparty kintledge to be put aboard, and ships with iron or
stone kintledge-are to be given none. As much cloth as possible
is to be obtained. Complaint of 5 pieces of longcloth being short
measure. Cargoes should be provided for 4 ships that will call
at Fort St. David on their way to China. Complaints of pieces
missing from the bales of cloth. This must have been done in the
warehouse and those who superintended the packing must make
good the loss. Name Lawrence, William Holt and Alexander
Wynch as Commissaries on the part of the Company to receive
Madras ; if any should be dead or absent, the Council will fill up
their places. Madras will remain a subordinate settlement till
further orders ; as much fine cloth as possible is to be procured
there ; and bales of every kind of muslin that the French usually
send to Europe are to be provided. Now that the War is over, the
Secret Committee will only give directions about signals as usual.
If the fortifications at Fort St. David are not completed, they should
be continued gradually and only as far as is absolutely necessary.
A plan of the whole is to be sent, and if any alterations are pro-
posed, apian of them likewise, with an estimate of the cost.
No new works are to be undertaken till further orders. Instead of
sending ships home with 150 tons of dead freight, they may be
filled with ' gruff goods ' such as redwood, turmeric and lac.
Require a plan of Fort St. George as delivered over by the French ;
nothing is to be spent on any works there till further orders. 14
chests of treasure sent out for Boscawen's use ; should he have left
before its arrival, it is to be taken into the Company's treasury
and bills drawn on the Company in favour of the Agent, John
Calcraft. Have just received the despatches by the George snow.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO CHARLES FLOYER, ETC.
East India House. December 21, 1748. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 52, pp. 51-53 {Original 3 pp.)]
Have sent 4 China ships with some goods and bullion
consigned to Fort St. David. They are to be unladed with the
greatest despatch and sent on to Canton with the bullion, etc.,
consigned thither. As [much as possible of the 140 chests of
CALENDAR FOR 1748-1749 75
treasure is to be coined and sent to Bengal. As peace has been
made, it is likely that many of the Artillery and Independents
under Boscawen will join the Company's service ; as many as
possible of both them and the marines are to be got. Hear that
Robert Wynch has been allowed to build a house with a handsome
enclosure south of the Garden House and too near the Fort. Forbid
the construction of any building that would obstruct the defence
of the place. Will send an Assay-Master and Assistant as soon
as suitable men can be found. Will also send communion-plate
and books ' for the use of your chapel.' Have taken up the Severn
to carry out stores for the use of the Squadron. In spite of former
orders to provide 4 cargoes of goods for China, nothing is to
be put aboard the China ships unless it can be done without
endangering their passage. The present ship (the Tavistock)
will bring 100 pipes of Madeira wine for Fort St. David. She also
brings 30 chests of treasure to be dealt with in the same way as
the 140 chests mentioned above. Her officers are allowed only
20 pipes of wine in their privilege.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. January 4, 1749. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 52, p. 59 {Original I />.)]
Captain Hugh Palliser of His Majesty's ship Sheerness
appointed to carry His Majesty's orders to Boscawen to assist in the
mutual restoration of conquests made in the East Indies. Send 60
chests of treasure on the Sheerness. Palliser is to receive 2% %
freight.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO CHARLES FLOYER, ETC.
East India House. January 27, 1749. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 52, pp. 63-69 {Original 7 pp.)}
This goes by the Britannia and Walpole. Desire in all future
advices the same full account of the Company's shipping as in
those under reply. Must give timely notice to Bengal of the
amount of tonnage that will be needed for the Coast investment.
The present ships to be forwarded to Bengal with all despatch,
with as many rupees as possible ; if coining takes too long, each
ship should have in rupees and bullion £50,000.
Have a thorough sense of Griffin's services and care for the
Company's interests. Have not been able to comply with all the
indents as the Company cannot send out much tonnage while it
76 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
has so much still in India. It must be a standing rule to send on
to Bengal all the silver that can be spared from the Coast; as
much as possible should be coined. Send communion plate and
books for the chapel.
Much gratified with the prospect of a good investment ; will
send plentiful supplies. Furnish a list of what goods are wanted.
As many bales as possible must be sent, even if of inferior qualities.
Hope that the merchants have by now cleared off their balances.
It was fortunate that Nasir Jang backed out of his agreement with
the English and that the 300 Pathans were not taken into pay.
A good correspondence should be maintained with the Country
powers, but at as little expense as possible, for they cannot be
depended on.
No grants of land are in future to be made without stipulating
that they are to be voidable without compensation in case buildings
thereon should obstruct the defence of the place. Acquiesce in the
purchase of a house at Porto Novo. As the Dutch insist on main-
taining their factory at Devanampattanam, the Company can give
no orders until it knows the authority on which their claim is
based.
In consideration of the probable recruitment from Bosca wen's
forces, send no recruits this year. The reasons for establishing
Martial Law in the garrison having ceased, the commissions grant-
ed for that purpose must be annulled. As the Treaty stipulates
that all books and papers are to be restored, send ho copies of the
Madras accounts, as presumably the originals will be obtained.
The Troop of horse is to be disbanded at once, as there can be no
further need of it. The Council misunderstood the orders regarding
Lawrence's salary, etc.; confirm what has been done in considera-
tion of his past and future services, but no agreement made with
the Company is in future to be altered without express permission.
Gray's and Dencker's claims will be particularly considered when
the other Madras claims are decided on. All the old Madras
servants except the late President and Council may be re-enter-
tained ; they will rank according to their standing with the rest of
the Coromandel Coast establishment next under the President and
Council appointed December 24, 1747. Confirm Charles Hopkins'
appointment as Sub-Accountant with rank as Factor. The infor-
mation given about the Madras bonds was inadequate; why were
several granted for large sums after the surrender of the place,
and what are the other claims mentioned but not particularised ?
An exact and clear statement of this affair is needed. Morse is to
CALENDAR FOR 1748 1749 77
come home by the next shipping; but during his stay at Fort St.
David is to be treated with the respect due to his late station. The
Madras writers sent out in 1745 and 1746 who proceeded to Bengal
are to join the Coromandel establishment with their original rank.
Have entertained Timothy Tullie as a writer. David Lopez
Fernandes and Samuel de Castro permitted to reside in India as
diamond and coral merchants. John Walsh, who came to Eng-
land after the fall of Madras for the recovery of his health is
allowed to return with his old standing. James Wilson allowed
to go to India to succeed to any vacancy as Surgeon where he is
wanted. Lieutenant Eckman, in consideration of his age and long
service is granted a pension of 150 Pags. a year. The greatest
care must be taken about the accounts relating to the Squadron.
The bond for 5,000 Pags. granted by Morse, etc., to Michael de
Gregorio on August 10, 1745, may be paid off. Will send by
the Severn 50 chests of silver to be coined and sent to Bengal.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. March 29, 1749. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 52, pp. 73-78 (Copy $U pp.)]
The Swift snow arrived March 3. This goes by the Severn,
which brings naval stores for the Squadron, for which also 80 tons
of salt provisions have been sent on the Bombay ships. Send 59
chests of treasure by the Severn ; as much as possible to be sent in
rupees to Bengal. If possible the Severn should be returned to
Europe the season of her arrival ; but should be kept in India if it is
necessary to keep another besides the Walpole, as she is a late ship
and demurrage will be less. Desire a list of the sailors in the
Company's country ships, as relations of the sailors aboard the
Princess Amelia and Princess Mary wish to know whether they are
in the Company's service in India. Complain of irregular packing
in the recent cargoes of bales, and of putting different sorts of
cloth into the same bale without a cloth in between to distinguish
them. Repeat previous demands for exact accounts of the Com-
pany's quick stock in India. Have appointed Edward Edwards,
Factor and Assay-Master on the same salary, etc., that Foxall had ;
he is to teach the art of assaying to one of the covenanted servants.
Norton Nicholls permitted to reside in India as a free merchant,
and Francis Hodges and William Dogan as mariners. All servants
in stations usually held by covenanted servants must execute the
usual covenants and give sureties ; send a list of those who have
neglected to do so. When any of the junior servants come of age,
78 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
they must execute fresh covenants ; and when any one is promoted,
they must get friends in England to give the security usual in their
new rank. The Company's business is impeded by the neglect
and disobedience of the junior servants, especially in the Account-
ant's office ; those guilty of such misconduct must be reported to
the Company for suitable punishment ; and future misbehaviour
will be imputed to the inattention of the President and Council.
An able book-keeper must be made Sub-Accountant; hope John
Duncumbe will prove such. Have entertained the Rev. George
Swynfen as a Chaplain at Fort St. David on the usual pay. Captain
de Morgan's and Father Severini's bonds will be considered along
with the other Madras claims. Do not consider that the charter
authorizes the establishment of a Mayor's Court at Fort St. David.
Trust the investment will have proved larger than was expected.
The detention of so much treasure at Fort St. David greatly hinder-
ed the Bengal investment.
Note the sharp repulse of the French at Cuddalore by Law-
rence's bravery and good conduct. In case of Lawrence's death or
absence Captain Hollond is to succeed as Major with the same
salary, etc., as a reward for his gallant behaviour. Robert
Sloper, reported to have behaved well as a monthly writer at
Madras, is appointed Factor, with rank from the arrival of this
despatch.
A resolution of a General Court held on December 23, 1747, for-
bade the payment of any bonds, etc., granted at Madras since
August 30, 1746. Several persons having applied for payment of
such bonds, it was resolved at a General Court held on March 22,
1749, that the Directors should ascertain in what form, to whom,
and on what account the loans were made, and whether the Com-
, pany is liable for their repayment. A full, clear and distinct
account is required, together with all papers at Madras which
may bear on the matter.
It is reported that gaming is prevalent at Fort St. David ; strict
inquiry to be made, as no trust can be placed in persons addicted
thereto ; those guilty to be reprimanded, suspended, or even dis-
missed according to the degree of their guilt.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES. 1749- 1750.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. August 30, 1749. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 17, pp. 43~44 (Copy 1% pp.)]
As a letter overland via Basra is likely to reach England before
any of the September ships, now write by that route to report that
Boscawen took possession of Fort St. George on the 21st to the
universal joy of the late inhabitants who thronged thither as soon
as the English flag was hoisted. All French efforts failed to induce
them to return, and the French are mortified at the present token of
attachment to the English. Its condition is indifferent ; all the
fortifications are undermined and all useful stores have been
carried off. The Griffin, Sandwich, Walpole, Dragon, Britannia, and
Montfort arrived outward-bound between June 10 and July 30. The
Griffin, Sandwich and Montfort have already been despatched for
China, as also the Pelham, Somerset, Rhoda, and Royal Duke of last
year's shipping. The Walpole and the Britannia have already been
despatched with rupees for Bengal, and the Dragon will sail with
more in a day or two. Other shipping news.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. October 9, 1749. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 17, pp. 45-57 {Copy 13 PP-)]
Now despatch the Chesterfield though all the books and papers are
not yet ready. Will write at greater length by the Royal George
in a few days. The Severn arrived on September 8 and sailed short-
ly for Madras to deliver her naval stores to the Admiral there. She
is since reported as having sailed for Bengal. Received by her
despatch of March 29. No news of the Augusta, except that she
was spoken with on June 23 off Tranquebar. Send 100 bales of
brown cloth from Vizagapatam which could not be landed for lack
of masula boats, but were put aboard the Chesterfield in ships'
boats. His Majesty's ships Sheerness and Basilisk have sailed for
the Cape to make provision for the Squadron's refreshment there
on its way home. Send home William Holt, who is disordered in
80 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
his senses — the doctors say owing to the heat of the climate. Also
send home (at his own request) Hyde Parker, late Ensign in the
Company's service, whose behaviour caused the officers to refuse
rolling with him and who was suspended on being found by a Court
of Enquiry unworthy of holding a commission. 9,849 Pags. remitted
on account of the estate of John Hinde by Charles Floyer.
Postscript : Draw bills on the Company for 1,850 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds amounting to 143,062
Pags. ; (2) manifest of sundries shipped as presents ; (3) list of the
packet ; and (4) sailing orders for the Chesterfield.
Separate Despatch from Charles Floyer to the Com-
pany. Fort St. David. October 9, 1749. Received May
10,1750. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol 10, pp. 511-514
{India Office transcript.)]
This goes by the Chesterfield. The general letter is not yet
ready. All the Company's outward bound ships, except two, arriv-
ed safe, and one so late as July 30. Six ships have sailed for China
and one for the Malabar coast to lade pepper. Other shipping
news. 300 chests of bullion and rupees having been consigned to
Bengal and 60 more to China, little is left for the investment. The
Commissaries (Lawrence. Wynch and Westcott) left for Madras on
August 7 to arrange for its restoration, followed by the English
fleet. On August 21, the place was delivered up to Admiral
Boscawen in a very bad condition. The walls and bastions were
all undermined and stores removed except 104 unserviceable guns.
It will take long before the place returns to its former prosperity ;
but it must become the head settlement again, and the sooner the
better. As Fort St. David lacks warehouses, grain and stores have
to be kept at Cuddalore under tiled roofs; and the bar which only
opens for a part of the year allows the boats to make only one trip
daily. On the other hand, Madras has spacious warehouses near
the beach and boats can make 6 trips daily. The native merchants
have a greater affection for that place and will not leave it to settle
here, They refused to remain there under the French, but returned
thither on its rendition, Boscawen agrees that Madras should be
the Presidency. The death of the Nawab of Arcot involved the
province in trouble, and the investment will suffer unless the army
of Muzaffar Jang and Chunda Sahib should soon remove. At
present they are near Pondichery where the French are endeavour-
ing to prejudice them against us. As Nasir Jang is soon expected,
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 81
hopes that the usurpers will be obliged to retire. On June 12, with
Boscawen's assistance and advice, we took Devikottai about 30 miles
southward. It is a strong fort situated in a fertile country and has a
river able to receive boats of 200 tons. Has been put to much
extra expense for maintaining a table, owing to the number of
ships here and absence of taverns. Should not have represented
this matter had there been trade on this Coast since he became
Governor. Recommends for appointment in the Company's service,
St. Paul who has been Resident at Negapatam and Secretary to the
Commissaries at Madras, also James Bourchier who is writing in
the Secretary's office.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. October 18, 1749. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 17, pp- 58-61 {Copy 3 pp.)}
This despatch will be conveyed by Boscawen who will sail
to-morrow. Regret having to report that in spite of the peace
affairs are more embroiled than even during the War, owing to the
artifices of Dupleix who so hates the English as to be unable to
refrain from underhand acts of hostility. As soon as peace had
freed Dupleix from the fear of attack, Chunda Sahib (formerly a.
General of the Nawab on whose defeat he had retired to the obscurity
of the mountains leaving his family at Pondichery) began to raise
men in order to attack Anwar-ud-din Khan. At first Dupleix
pretended to have no concerns with him ; but under pretext of
discharging his sepoys sent them all to him. But as soon as
affairs reached a crisis, Dupleix sent 900 of his best Europeans
with a detachment of Artillery to join Chunda Sahib as auxiliaries.
A battle then followed in which the French turned the scale.
Anwar-ud-din was killed, and Chunda Sahib proclaimed himself
Nawab on the strength of an illegal farman granted by Muzaffar
Jang without Nasir Jang's consent. He at once granted to the
French 42 villages of the Villiyanallur country lying round the
Fort St. David's limits ; moreover Covelong has been given to
Dupleix ; Porto Novo to Madame Dupleix ; Alambarai to d'Auteuil,
his brother-in-law ; and St- Thome to the Padre Antonio de la
Purification, a relation of Madame Dupleix ; so that now the
French can stop goods and provisions from entering Fort St. David
and Madras. An example of this has already happened. The
Padre Antonio forbad under the severest penalties any provisions
to be carried into Madras through or out of his dependencies, with
other insults, until the Council requested Boscawen's assistance,
n
82 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
The latter at once made the Padre a prisoner and will carry him
to England. Letters found in the Padre's house show that Dupleix
advised him to carry matters with a fair face till Chunda Sahib's
affairs were more settled. Chunda Sahib has been for some time
at Pondichery, where a Train of Artillery is being prepared for
some expedition ' which is to be wished from Mr. Dupleix's hint
to the Padre may not be designed against us.' Cannot dwell
longer on the situation ; but Dupleix's conduct is not such as should
be followed by a friendly nation, and if the Company thinks
complaints should be made, it may make them at once. Boscawen
has promised to give all further information and join with the
Company in submitting complaints, if desired. Father Rene, an
old resident of Madras, was suspected of acting treacherously
towards the English ; so Boscawen has been requested to carry him
to Europe. Severini, the Superior of the Capuchins at Madras,
was also thought to have been in the French interest, but, having
been exonerated by the letters found with Father Antonio, has
been allowed to reside at a little church just outside the Town.
Francis Coyle de Barnewall and Quentin de LaMettrie having
behaved ungenerously to the English, were arrested with a view
to being sent to Europe, but, on their giving bail for £20,000, have
been released and allowed to wait until the January shipping.
The houses of those persons who forfeited English protection by
continuing to reside at Madras under the French, have been
confiscated, as also the Roman Catholic churches within the
Madras limits. Although the Company had sent no directions
about these matters, nevertheless such action was deemed necessary ;
hope it will be approved. As only 200 of the Independents were
at first willing to enlist, have been forced to entertain as Captains,
4 Lieutenants, on condition that they brought their men with
them. Have now 500 recruits and 4 companies more than were
sanctioned in the recent Regulations ; but even so there. will not be
men enough to complete all the Company's garrisons in India.
Have enlisted about 30 good men of His Majesty's Train.
Boscawen brings a plan of Devikottai.
Separate Despatch from Charles Floyer to the Com-
pany. Fort St. David. October 30, 1749- Received
MAY 10, 1750. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. 10,
pp. 525-527 (India Office transcript.)]
Writing work was so heavy of late that the Royal George has had
to be detained till now. Desire the Company to send out more
CALENDAR FOR 1749 1750 83
covenanted servants. Shipping news. On October 25, Muzaffar
Jang and Chunda Sahib, reinforced with 1,000 French soldiers and
a Train of Artillery, marched inland to oppose Nasir Jang. But as
the usurpers need money to pay their troops, hopes they may soon
disperse. The French risk much in sending their men so far
away at this time of the year. Owing to these troubles, (weavers
have fled for safety to the seaports and little cloth can be obtained
between November and January. Will do his best to get the
weavers at work again as soon as the usurpers have gone. Have
only 751 bales on hand. Encloses returns of the military on the
Coast. Including 499 men enlisted from the King's troops and
including the Bombay detachment, we have only 797 European
privates, whereas it is credibly stated that there are 1,800 Euro-
peans at Pondichery. Lawrence is about to return from Madras
to reorganise the companies and reduce the topasses. No new
works will be taken up without the Company's sanction. Is unable
to send a plan of the outworks of Fort St. David as Delavaux has
deserted and as Dumarchais, the only other person fit to take his
place, went to Madras to declare what stores had been carried
away since October and only returned here lately.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. November 2, 1749. [Public Despatches
to England, Vol. 1 7, pp. 61-97 {Copy 37 pp.)]
Now reply to despatches of May I0(?), June 17, July 21, and
December 2 and 21, 1748, and January 4 and 27, and March 29,
1749. Have despatched 7 ships to China this year. In April
the Chesterfield was despatched to Madagascar for coffrees, but
returned in September with only 34. By Floyer's orders a new
sloop, the Cuddalore, of 70 tons was built at Bombay, mainly to serve
as an advice-ship to the Squadron ; she will now be sent to Sumatra
where the Louisa is thought to have been lost. Other shipping
news. Difficulties in disposing of the ships owing to a shortage of
pepper at Tellicherry owing to heavy rains and in Sumatra owing
to an epidemic of small-pox. Have sent the Fort St. George to
Madagascar for more coffrees (under Henry Collins who is thought
fit to manage a voyage of that sort) as a number of them would be
very useful. Will do all that is possible to lighten the charges of
demurrage, though the investments have been hindered in all
parts.
84 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Have taken every opportunity of sending treasure to Bengal,
and have assisted that presidency to the utmost, though the
Council there appear to think otherwise ; for not content with the
treasure sent, they have been drawing bills on Fort St. David (one
for so large a sum as Rs. 50,000). These have been discharged,
but for security's sake have been obliged to draw bills on Bengal
for a like sum. Bombay was unable to supply sandalwood for the
China market, but 300 candies of tin were bought here and sent.
Most of the redwood provided for Bengal still lies at Durgarayapat-
nam, as the Europe shipping arrived too late to call for it ; hope to
be able to send it up in January. In order to help filling up the
tonnage, the Bombay Council sent 231 bales of Surat piece-goods,
200 bales of cotton, and 355 maunds of Surat patchak ; they also
ordered all spare pepper, cardamums and Anjengo cloth to be sent
round from the Malabar coast. However only some pepper has
been received thence, with some timber that was greatly needed.
Received no invoice of the Dragon's treasure, but it turned out at
£58,716. Linga Chetti has agreed to take the broadcloth sent out
this year at the usual rate of 30 % on the invoice. In the storm
there was lost or destroyed 770 bags of rice aboard ship, with 3%
garse which was in an open banksall and about 60 tons of redwood.
Some broadcloth and stores have been sent up to Madras for lack
of godowns at Fort St. David. The Madeira on the Tavistock was
overcarried to Bengal and has not yet been received. Send state-
ment of quick stock as required.
The usual merchants have been concerned in the investments;
but prices have had to be raised, the merchants agreeing to
provide cloth as good as the musters of 1743-44 at the rates
paid in that year. Linga Chetti and Kumarappa have again
provided the fine goods ; no reduction of price could be got on
them. Have as yet received but 510 bales from the Northern
factories, as the Tryal snow on which treasure was sent for Vizaga-
patam overshot that port; but it is still hoped that more bales will
be received in January. Will send in January the chay goods
demanded in the last list of the investment ; they are being provid-
ed by Linga Chetti and Tirumangalam Kumarappa. Regarding
the balances due from the Madras merchants, most of the debtors
have returned to Madras, and the servants there will endeavour to
recover their debts.
The condition of the country till recently was tranquil and the
promise of trade good ; but now the whole province is in confusion,
owing to the death of Nizam-ul-mulk, who left a son, Nasir Jang,
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 85
and a grandson ' Mustapha Jing.' The latter at once claimed the
succession ; but, Nasir Jang not agreeing to this, he quitted Nasir
Jang's army and collected a force of 32,000 men. He then met
with Chunda Sahib, who had been lately released by the Marathas
after 8 years' imprisonment, and had come with a small force to
plunder in these parts in order to collect his ransom-money. These
two joined to invade the Carnatic, where they defeated and slew
Anwar-ud-din with the help of a body of French sent by Dupleix.
The victors, having halted at Arcot to settle the province, pro-
ceeded to Pondichery, where Dupleix gave them a grand reception.
They remained there 6 weeks ; every day there was news of some
new grant or privilege ; and they laid their schemes for the comple-
tion of their enterprise. The English have never inclined to side
with them or acknowledge their authority, knowing it to be usurped
and certain to be overthrown. Are sure from the inveterate hatred
of the French for the English that Dupleix has been instigating
Chunda Sahib to attack us. He has already demanded the imme-
diate restitution of St. Thome which we were forced to occupy in
order to prevent the French from building a fort and making a
settlement there, which would have ruined the trade of Madras, and
enabled the French constantly toobserve all our transactions. Acted
in this matter with Boscawen's advice and concurrence. Dupleix
had procured a farman from Chunda Sahib for Father Antonio de la
Purification to act as Havildar there ; and the latter's papers (now
in Boscawen's possession) prove what schemes were on foot against
the English. Chunda Sahib has as yet entered on no hostilities
against us, and if Dupleix stood neutral would probably undertake
none. Have posted men in all the redoubts to prevent a surprise.
Muzaffar Jang and Chunda Sahib were reported to have left
Pondichery September 25, since when they have been ' hovering
about ' in these parts with 1,400 French soldiers and some Artillery ;
hope they do not mean to attack Fort St. David ; it is more likely
that they intend to attack Trichinopoly, where is Muhammad Ali,
Anwar-ud-din's son, who is scraping together all the men he can in
order to recover the principality. If Chunda Sahib does not speedily
take Trichinopoly with Muhammad Ali's ' inestimable treasure ',
Nasir Jang will come to the latter's assistance and drive Chunda
Sahib out of the country. Nasir Jang is credibly reported to be
already on the way hither. If he does not relieve us from the pre-
sent yoke, the prospect of the future is dismal. Have been very
cautious not to espouse either side ; but in consideration of Muham-
mad Ali's former services, the justice of his cause, and his frequent
86 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
demands for assistance, when the sepoys were dismissed, 7000I* them
were ordered to Devikottai, with an officer and 30 men to keep them
together, whence they were sent up to Trichinopoly. Have also
sent thither a few small cannon and some cohorns. The purpose
of this is to convince him of our goodwill, in the event of his
recovering the province. Do not intend to do more. He has granted
a farman for St. Thome in consequence of which the English
colours were hoisted there on October II. The situation of affairs
demanding the best information about the Country powers, and
Haji Hadi having constantly supplied accurate news about Country
affairs since the capture of Madras, without pay save for a present
of 1,500 Rs., resolved to give him 500 Pags. and an allowance of 100
Pags. a month, so long as his intelligence was required. Expect
this to be but for a few months.
The late Poligar of Madras applied for reappointment on its
rendition. As Malraja had formerly received an eighth of the
Poligar's fees and behaved with great credit during the French War
as a Commander of peons, it was proposed to reappoint the old
Poligar on condition of his allowing Malraja one-fourth of his fees.
This offer was rudely rejected ; so Malraja was made Poligar. On
this the other pleaded that he had a cowie granting the office to him
and his heirs for ever; but all such grants were undoubtedly
determined by the capture of Madras.
In consideration of various advantages, a majority of the Board
resolved to take by force of arms the town of Devikottai, 35 miles
south of Fort St. David. It has a fine river close beside it, and its
ground is fertile ; when its bounds are properly settled, it should
produce a revenue of 10,000 Pags. a year ; even now it is let for
4,000 Pags. for 6 months. Expect the expenses of the expedition
to be paid by the King of Tanjore, from whom 50,000 Rs. have
already been received. A more particular account will be given by
Floyer and Boscawen.
The works are still unfinished, partly owing to lack of materials
and workmen, but mainly owing to the loss of our Engineer, Dela-
vaux ; have been reduced to appoint Hugh McLean (a bricklayer
who came out in the military and reckoned sober and diligent)
Overseer, and trust everything to him and the Lieutenant of the
Train. The horn work is complete ; the lunettes are half-finished.
Fort. St. George will have to be totally re-fortified ; all the walls and
bastions are likely to fall in the next monsoon, are beyond repair
and incapable of bearing cannon according to His Majesty's Engi-
neers and the bricklayers. Have been obliged to disobey orders so
CALENDAR FOR 1749 1750 87
far as to complete a platform begun by the French and necessary
to the security of the place; hope to send a plan and estimate of
the work in January. Boscawen says he has an exact plan of the
place and will show it to the Company. The Freneh having left
only 4 serviceable cannon at Madras, had to get as many from
the Squadron as Boscawen would spare. The information given
the Company about Wynch's house at Fort St. David is unjust ; it is
2,170 yards from the covered way and at least 1,000 beyond
Delavaux' pillars.
To encourage inhabitants to return to Madras, have taken off
all duties for 6 months except those on goods imported from
Europe. The villages have been let as follows :— Tiruvottiyur, etc.,
for 1,300 Pags. (old rent 1,250 Pags.) ; Egmore, etc., for 1,400 (old
rent 1,250 Pags.) ; and Perambur, etc., for 700 (old rent 650 Pags.).
William Holt, suspended and sent home, has been replaced in
Council by Thomas Cooke. Of the Madras servants, Goodwin,
Fowke, Boddam, Powney, Greenhaugh and Jones have absolutely
rejected the Company's offer of re-entertainment, presumably
because they are senior to some now in Council. Francis Fordyce
having complained of being assaulted by Robert Clive, an enquiry
was made, which showed that Fordyce had given great provocation
by aspersing Give's character. As he has also abused Floyer and
all the Councillors, is aggressive and meddling, and neglects his
office especially in burying deceased soldiers and sailors, he has
been suspended. Clive ' is generally esteemed a very quiet person
and noways guilty of disturbances.' Have appointed in the place
of Fordyce, Robert Palk, Boscawen's Chaplain and recommended
by him.
Have sent Alexander Baird, who was Resident at Pulicat, to be
Assistant at Ingeram. Thomas Cooke has been appointed Military
Paymaster; Henry Cope was made Military Storekeeper; but, he
dying before he had taken charge, John Pybus was appointed.
Being in great need of writing assistants, have entertained James
Bourchier and Peter St. Paul as monthly writers, and recommend
them for admission as covenanted servants. Morse will go home
by the January shipping; applied to him for information about
Madras but he could give little. On the news of peace the
Residents were recalled from the Dutch Settlements. Made Jones
a present for the accurate information he supplied to Floyer during
his 12 months' residence at Tranquebar. John Pybus has been
given an allowance of 20 Pags. a month in consideration of the
great labour involved in the post of Military Storekeeper. As Holt
88 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
had been suspended, Foss Westcott was appointed in his stead.
Joint Commissary to receive Madras Lawrence and Wynch first
visited Dupleix to settle the time and manner of the delivery of the
place, after which, they proceeded to Madras where they carried
out their orders.
In March, according to the Company's new Regulations, formed
the Military into 7 companies (of which one Grenadier) com-
manded by : — Major Lawrence, and Captains Crompton, Southby,
John Scrimsour, James Cope, John Dalton (Grenadier Company), and
John Clarke. As Boscawen and Lawrence considered these com-
panies barely sufficient to garrison Fort St. David and Cuddalore,
it has been decided to continue the garrison at Vizagapatam as an
extraordinary company under command of Captain Peter Love.
The Artillery Company is still incomplete. As the pay allowed by
the Company is rather less than that in the King's service, offered
to allow each gunner ^d. a day extra, and to pay each matross Is.
a day ; but only got 26 men. Witherington and Learner have been
detained in Bengal. All the Lieutenants entertained here were
mariners who were promised the choice of returning to their old
occupation or continuing in the Artillery. Since the peace, Burman
and Petch have resigned, the first to command the Brilliant and
the second the Cuddalore sloop; Hugh Flinn died March 9; and
Henry Collins has been sent supercargo on the Fort St. George to
Madagascar, as her Captain could not be trusted with such an
expedition. So there now remain only Thomas Savage and Mons.
Dumarchais to manage the Company. The latter is a Protestant,
recommended by Boscawen. For some unknown reason Delavaux
deserted to Pondichery on May 24, and is said to have sailed for
Manilla. He had a little before obtained leave to retire for a time
under the plea of ill-health, and was throughout indulgently treated.
It is thought that he deserted owing to his having killed one of
His Majesty's subjects by an unhappy accident.
On Lawrence's strenuous advice, have entertained topasses at
lOd. a day, in order to relieve Europeans of duty in the violent heat
and in consideration of the smallness of the garrison. The new
rates of pay under the Regulations were introduced from March I
and well received. Have made various promotions in the Military.
By the first attempt to enlist men out of the Independents, etc., only
56 were obtained ; and by the second only 80 more. Then, as the
Squadron was about to sail, and as the inhabitants of Madras were
clamorous for more protection, Major Lawrence and Foss Westcott
who were in charge of Madras and had no time to refer the matter
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 89
to Fort St. David, agreed to promise commissions as Captain to
4 Lieutenants and to take one Lieutenant and one Ensign into
each company ; this secured 4 companies of men, and raised
the total number recruited to 500. But none of these can be spared
for Bengal or Bombay, in case of war either in Europe or with the
Country powers. Desire further reinforcements, reasons for which
will be shown in the private letters from Floyer and Lawrence.
None of the mariners would enlist, as most have large ' off-reckon-
ings' due in Europe. Resolved to dismiss all the Troop but 50
whom Boscawen wished to attend him to Madras ; but the troubles
in the country have since made it unwise to dismiss them. The
recruits from the Independents have been clothed, being in great
need of it ; but as the off-reckonings for the remainder of the year
will not be enough to cover the expense, it has been done on
the Company's account. Captain Henry William Southby has
resigned. Have paid Lieutenant Peter Eckman the pension
appointed by the Company, but believe him undeserving of it,
having heard from various persons of his misbehaviour* at the siege
of Madras. As soon as Lawrence returns from Madras, the late
Madras servants now in the Military shall be required to choose
the service in which they will remain.
Edwards and Swinfen arrived last month by the Severn, and
have been entertained together with Walsh and Sloper. Lack
a Sub- Accountant ; desired to appoint Sloper to that office, but he is
at present too much engaged in extricating himself from ' many
different services ' to be able to undertake that employment. The
present incumbent, John William Speck, seems able to do little
more than take care of the papers and see that the assistants
attend to their work.
Have appointed Richard Prince, Deputy Governor, and Richard
Starke, John Smith, William Smyth King, and John Walsh of
Council, at Madras. They will proceed thither shortly, as an
investment may soon be begun there and it promises again to be a
place of great trade. The fine goods, etc., made thereabouts must
be bleached and sorted there, as conveniences are lacking at Fort
St. David ; and this was always better done at Madras. Advise
that it be again made the Presidency ; there is a lack of store-
houses at Fort St. David, and the Company's goods, etc., have to be
kept under tiled roofs at Cuddalore a mile away ; also the river
being much choked up and the bar open but a third of the year,
* For Ecktnan's vindication,'see Love's Vestiges ii, p. 355.
12
90 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
the boats can make but one trip a day ; moreover the merchants
and conicoplies have to live at a distance from Fort St. David;
whereas at Madras there are commodious warehouses close to the
beach, the boats in good weather make 6 or 8 trips a day, the
merchants live near the Fort, and the inhabitants of Madras will
not remove to Fort St. David. Boscawen concurs in these views.
Believe it will be necessary to suspend the customs there for a
further period of 6 months, as the greater part of the first period
will fall in the monsoon when little business can be done ; shall
not let out the monopolies for the present either. Have ordered
that no ' black inhabitant ' of Madras be molested for one year on
account of any debt contracted before the loss of that place.
Robert Sloper appointed Searcher at Cuddalore. Andrew Munro
reinstated as Surgeon at Madras. Have entertained James Wilson
at Devikottai to supply the place of the Surgeon's mate who has
been obliged by sickness to return here. Greatly distressed for
want of writing assistants. Will check all gaming, but are not
aware of its having been practised here for a long while past ; the
Company's information must be inaccurate.
Have not yet been able to get the Madras books required by
the Company. Hope to do so in January. Send the Madras
Consultations up to 'the 31 June' [sic] 1746, and the cash accounts
from then to February 1747. Regarding the Squadron accounts,
refer to a letter from Morse^ Prince, Wynch and Westcott were
appointed to examine into the Church and Charity stocks; they
report that the debtors are unwilling to pay until legal authority
has been obtained for giving due acquittances. Have discharged
Coja Miguel's bond. Gold and pagodas being very scarce, and the
value of rupees falling daily, have made rupees current at 350 per
100 Pags. at which rate payments and receipts have been made
since May I. \
Sumatra affairs.
Received the news of peace with unspeakable satisfaction.
The proclamation was made with all due form on September 25.
4 ships have reached Pondichery from Europe this season, 3 of
which are said to have left most of their cargoes at Mauritius.
Boscawen sailed for Europe October 19 in His Majesty's ship
Exeter with the York, Deptjord, Chester, Harwich, El t ham, Deal
Castle and Young Eagle. There remain in India under Commodore
Lisle the Vigilant, Ruby, Tartar, Syren and Stvallow snow. The
Vigilant sailed to the eastward October 21 ; the Swallow has gone to
Bengal ; and the rest to Bombay.
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 91
Supplement: Have received on the Company's account the
guns salved from the Winchelsea and Lincoln. Have referred to the
Company Captain Lindsay's demand for dieting sick military at
the Cape. Allowed 8 Pags. a month each to the officers of
the Winchelsea and Lincoln until they got passages for Europe.
Samuel Worral, being detected in a correspondence with Dupleix
and intending to desert, has been cashiered and is now sent home.
Some of the debtors to the Church Stock now report that, should a
vestry be re-established at Madras and regular church wardens
appointed, they will pay what they owe. Will order this to be done
if most of the debtors agree. Pero, Hockett and Merriman were
entertained as Lieutenants of Artillery (being well recommended
as duly qualified) just before the Squadron sailed. Cannot dis-
cover any other title of the Dutch to their factory at Devanampat-
tanam than a verbal agreement said to have been made by
Governor Yale. Have granted certificates for 13,961 Pags. Have
laded on this ship 1,200 bales with pepper and redwood ; cargo
invoiced at 153,377 Pags.
Appended are : — (l) register of diamonds, etc., amounting to
4,904 Pags. ; (2) list of the packet ; and (3) sailing orders for the
Royal George.
Separate Despatch from Charles Floyer to the Com-
pany. Fort St. David. February 7, 1750. Received
MAY 8, 1 75 1. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. 10, pp. 649-
652 {India Office transcript.)]
This goes by the Elizabeth. Have now sent 4,200 bales of which
231 came from Bombay, and the remainder are Coast goods. Since
March I, the merchants have brought in 2,243 bales ; would have
brought in more could money have been advanced them. Consi-
dering the troubles, trust that the Company will be satisfied.
Cannot judge what the new investment will be like, but it shall
be as large as possible, and the Northern settlements shall be well
supplied with money. Are sure that the Company will approve of
the quality sent this season. It was impossible to bleach the whole
for want of people and godowns. The latter were pulled down in
the late troubles, and will not be rebuilt until the Company have
decided where the Presidency is to be located. Shipping news.
The Lapwing arrived on January 16, having lost 16 men and the
rest of the crew being very ill with scurvy. After a few days'
stay to refresh them, she sailed to Bengal on January 30, with all
the 80 chests of her silver coined into rupees. Doubt if Bengal
92 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
will be able to lade her home this season. If she is returned here,
she shall be sent home with bales in May. In December last,
Major Lawrence returned from Madras. He will report on the
military requirements both at Madras and here. Desire some
writers, soldiers and one or two engineers. The last are needed
to carry on the works regularly. At present there is only one, and
as he is indisposed, it has been impossible to prepare the plan of
the Fort St. David out-works to have been sent by the present
ship. La Mettrie andBarnewall sailed on a French ship for Europe
on February 4, intending to prosecute the Company and the
Council here for expelling them from Madras. 3 French ships
sailed for Europe from Pondichery. Have not been able to get
details of her cargo, but are sure they have not more than two lakhs
of Coast goods. They have lately advanced their mer-
chants a lakh of rupees. Lisle has left Achin for the Nicobars to
get provisions. He intended to proceed thence to the Straits
of Malacca where he will be joined by the Swallow snow. His
Majesty's ships Syren, Ruby and Tartar have reached Bombay. The
Restoration grab was seized by Angria's fleet off Gheria in October
last.
Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. February 12, 1750. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 7, pp. 99~I43 (Copy 45 PP-)\
The Lapwing arrived on January 16, with the despatch of
August 30. The Elizabeth returned on December 25, after win-
tering at Achin, where she left Lisle in the Vigilant. On December
26 the Augusta arrived unexpectedly from Malacca with news that
all the China ships had passed that port. The Lapwing's crew was
so sickly that she only sailed on January 29 with orders to call at
Madras to land her private consignments there. All her silver
was replaced by rupees. Have written to Bengal that in case she
cannot be laded thence this season she should be sent to Fort St.
David, whence she can be laded home in May. As the Fort St.
George has been despatched to Madagascar, it seemed needless to
send the Swallow there a second time ; will forward her and her
cargo to Sumatra on her arrival ; and after her return she and
another ship will be laded for England at Fort St. David in Janu-
ary next. In order to assist Bengal in getting rid of the great
amount of tonnage with them, desired them in September last to
send a ship to call at Vizagapatam for the bales ready there in
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 93
December. Hear that the Prince William was to do this and sail
direct for Europe. Other ships' movements.
One of the chests of silver sent by the Augusta had been broken
open by one of the crew and was 47 oz. short. The Captain had
the delinquent in custody and desired him to be tried ashore ; but it
was thought that the Charter would not authorise this. Lead has
sold well lately ; in January 300 candies were sold at 12 Pags.
19^2 fns. per candy. Have continued aboard this ship, a large
quantity of saltpetre put on her in Bengal, as the Royal George and
Chesterfield carry none, and it is needed to complete her tonnage.
Have been fortunate in being able to provide so many bales of
cloth in spite of the revolution in the country, which is still foment-
ed by the French. What is now sent is of better quality than
any sent home for some time and equally cheap. As Nasir Jang is
daily expected at Arcot, and is likely to remain for some time, do
not expect to make so large an investment this year, but hope to
make this good in part by sending considerable supplies to the
Northern factories. The Madras merchants who came here to
settle their accounts have contracted to deliver by February 20
about 230 bales at an abatement in the price formerly allowed by
the President, etc., at Madras. The succatoons ordered shall be set
about at once. Have the same reasons as last year for sending
much brown cloth. The bales provided in the last season are : —
at Fort St. David 2,243 ; at Vizagapatam 300 sent to Fort St. David
and 250 sent to Bengal ; at Ingeram 699 ; chay goods 17.
The state of the province is rather worse than when the Royal
George sailed. Muzaffar Jang and Chunda Sahib marched inland
in the beginning of November. They first attacked Udaiyarpalai-
yam where they expected to get a large sum without delay ; but
they were detained with daily skirmishes for a whole month and
at last got 3 lakhs of rupees. Meanwhile several letters demand-
ing assistance were received from Muhammad Ali ; and it was
resolved to send Captain Cope with a company of Europeans
and topasses and Lieutenant Nost with a few of the Train. Have
also spared several cannon which were not wanted and some
warlike stores, for which Muhammad Ali is to pay.
On hearing of the assistance rendered by the English to
Muhammad Ali, Muzaffar Jang and Chunda Sahib abandoned their
plan of immediately attacking Trichinopoly and moved against
Tanjore, which country they have nearly ruined. About 6 weeks
ago they laid siege to the city which was bravely defended and
some successful sallies were made. However, seeing the enemy
94 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
resolutely pushing the siege, the King has now made terms,
agreeing to pay 60 lakhs of rupees in instalments. However it is
thought that not more than 6 or 7 lakhs have actually been paid,
slowly and in small sums, for which reason the siege has been
renewed and the French, having fetched ordnance from Karikal,
are now playing night and day on the place with 3 cannon and
3 mortars. It is feared the place will fall unless the troops Nasir
Jang is sending to its relief arrive soon. If the enemy take it, it is
believed they will defend it against Nasir Jang ; but if they are
forced to raise the siege, Chunda Sahib is expected to retire to
Pondichery and Muzaffar Jang to Gingee. Both Muhammad Ali
and Nasir Jang have acknowledged the service done them by the
English in sending assistance to Trichinopoly. There is daily
news of Nasir Jang's advance with 100,000 horse and a large Train
of Artillery ; some of his troops are said to have already entered
the Carnatic, and Sampati Rao (who was Diwan to Anwar-ud-din)
is daily expected at Arcot.
Have prepared a present for Nasir Jang, including the handsome
tent which he asked for when Mutyalu was with him ; the whole
will amount to 10,000 Pags. Lawrence and Westcott have been
selected as ambassadors, with Captain Daltonto attend upon them.
Their instructions will be prepared as soon as the Elizabeth has
been despatched. Haji Hadi has been ordered to accompany them.
Expect to obtain grants for several villages near Madras and
especially a confirmation of Muhammad Ali's grant of St. Thome.
This will involve presents for Nasir Jang and his chief people,
according to eastern ways, but no more will be given than is
absolutely necessary. Still have quiet possession of St. Thome and
the inhabitants are content. The King of Tanjore has been prevent-
ed by Chunda Sahib's attack from paying the 50,000 Rs. still due
under the Devikottai agreement. Have made an allowance of
300 Rs. a month to Shahji, the ex-King of Tanjore, residing in
Cuddalore, in order to engage him not to join Chunda Sahib; this
will be continued no longer than is necessary. Malraja, who was
made Poligar of Madras, has been dismissed for extorting money
from the inhabitants by barbarous methods ; and the old Poligar,
having made due submission, has been reinstated.
Have almost completed two cranes for unloading heavy goods,
one at ' the Back Gate of the Fort ' and the other at Cuddalore, each
with a small warf projecting into the river. They will cost about
1,440 Pags. The new rampart at the north-east end of Cuddalore,
built too fiimsily by Delavaux in spite of warnings, fell down in the
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 95
heavy rains of last November; but being absolutely necessary, has
been rebuilt substantially. Lawrence advised that the parapet of
the south curtain at Cuddalore was too high, and that the sand-
heaps against the walls would facilitate an attack ; the first will be
lowered and the second cleared away. Have allowed Captain John
Crompton 300 Pags. for the use of his house for 2 years to accom-
modate the Captains of His Majesty's Squadron. Must erect a
shed to preserve gun carriages, etc., from exposure to the weather.
Have let the paddy fields and salt pans at Madras at an increased
rent of 40 Pags. a year, and the Company's Old Garden there at the
usual rent. The cost of the horn-work and other fortifications
erected at Fort St. David will greatly exceed the estimate originally
sent home, owing to Delavaux' having continued them on a plan
different from that prepared by Jones. The latter intended the
Fort guns to play over the horn-work, but Delavaux has carried it
to an equal height. Moreover the glacis has been much more
expensive than was expected. The horn-work is finished except
for laying some gun platforms and completing 'the Roman ways.'
Are now building a bridge over the new channel that was cut for
the Devanampattanam river, west of the Fort.
Prince set out for Madras November 25 and Lawrence returned
December 7. John William Speck died November 8. Are in great
need of covenanted servants. Robert Clive, desiring to revert to
the civil branch, has been appointed Steward ; Edmund Maskelyne
desires to remain in the Military, and his services merit the Com-
pany's favour ; cannot tell Philip Bulkeley's wishes as he is at
Trichinopoly. Have granted a pension of 5 Pags. to Mrs. Elizabeth
Woodward, widow of a former councillor here. Lawrence promised
Merriman, Hockett and Pero (who were in His Majesty's Train) that
they should receive pay equal to that of Ensign if they would join
the Company's Train, as he knew the Company was anxious to
recruit trained Artillery officers ; and Council have confirmed this,
although the rate laid down by the Company for Artillery officers
is less than Ensign's pay and less than that of the King's service.
Regarding the Troop of horse, have carried out the Company's orders
to the bounds of prudence. Must retain 30 troopers, in case Dupleix
should instigate Chunda Sahib to attack any of our out-villages,
which could not be promptly protected by a body of foot. In one
of his letters to Padre Antonio, Dupleix pointed out that the English
could no longer protect their inhabitants, apparently meaning that
owing to the destruction of the Black Town the merchants would
have to reside in the out-villages and so be exposed to raids. The
96 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
rest of the Troop have been disposed of ; its total cost by death, the
enemy and desertion has been 14,022 Pags. Called on the Commis-
saries for receiving Madras to submit a statement of their expenses
on that account, but they have preferred to rely on the Company's
known generosity for a suitable recompense. On Lawrence's
recommendation Robert Talbot and John Holdman have been
appointed Ensigns. Morse recently informed the Council that his
affairs were still in such a position that his going home now would
seriously injure himself and those concerned with him ; have agreed
to his deferring his departure till September, being convinced of
the truth of what he says. Edward Harris (late of Council at
Madras), his wife, and William Henry Southby's daughter go home
by this ship. William Belsches, Surgeon, intending to go home in
September, has been allowed to resign, and James Wilson appoint-
ed in his stead. John Moore, who was Chief Carpenter with His
Majesty's Train and is recommended as competent to assist an
Engineer and well versed in Artillery matters, has been entertained
as Carpenter at Madras, on terms not more than commensurate
with his probable services.
Coja Gregorio has refused to accept the bills drawn on him by
Coja Marut Markar. Have not yet received the Ganjam or Vizaga-
patam books, for which those factories will be duly reprimanded.
Morse reports that he sent home by Boscawen a cash account
showing how the money borrowed on bonds at Madras was expend-
ed ; have found no papers that throw any light on this affair.
Forward the accounts of the Madras merchants for the Company's
consideration ; consider that they have improperly credited them-
selves for various articles. Have not yet been able to prepare the
Madras General Books ending April 1746. Most of the Company's
wares and stores are sold by retail so that the form sent out for
account sale is inapplicable ; it shall however be used for all goods
sold at outcry.
When the peons and sepoys were discharged, there were
numerous small advances standing against them amounting to 950
Pags. ; this has been written off as a bad debt. Regret that the long
passage of the Porto Bello inconvenienced the Company by delaying
the arrival of the annual books and papers. Those would have
been perfectly regular had Council had any Madras papers to serve
as models ; trust that any errors will not be imputed to negligence
or inattention.
Regret that the Council lacked power authoritatively to decide
the dispute between Jones and Moses ; consider that Jones by
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 97
refusing the offers of accommodation and insisting on a trial in
England aimed at ruining his opponent, by compelling him to leave
his concerns in India. There is also money in the Company's cash
claimed by the creditors of the late Captain Edward Jacobs ; but
there is no authority to deal with it.
On reconsideration of La Mettrie's and Barnewall's deportation
to England, it was observed that they had been arrested on Bos-
cawen's request, that he alone had proofs of his accusations against
them, and that, in case of his death or the disappearance of the
proofs, the Company might be liable for damages if they were
compulsorily sent to England. Accordingly when they demanded
the reason of their arrest, no answer was given ; but Mrs. Madeiros'
bond for their appearance was restored to her ; and it was decided
to expel them from the Company's Bounds and confiscate their
houses ; the last could not be carried out as their houses were
mortgaged. They have now sailed for Europe in a French ship,
declaring that they will seek redress in Europe. Among La Mettrie's
claims is one for 32,000 Pags. as his wife's fortune, which it is well
known he paid away a few months after receiving it to his creditors
in China. The other sums he pretends to claim may have been
acquired by plundering at Madras ; but for years he has lived
entirely on the bounty of his wife's family ; and his credit has been
low ever since he appropriated to his own use a large sum of the
French Company's money, part of which Dupleix now claims on the
Company's account. Barnewall boasts that the only accusation
against him is his having acted as Quartermaster for La Bour-
donnais at Madras. Enclose however affidavits* to prove that he
corresponded with the French while the War was in progress. It
was intended to suppress this charge against him, as it may prove
a hanging matter, but he seems disposed to push matters to
extremities, instigated by Dupleix, and (it is believed) by Jones
who has been shunned by the English since his quarrel with
Moses. Barnewall himself seems to have a poor opinion of his
case, for he fled from Madras in disguise instead of coming to Fort
St. David to take passage by the Elizabeth as had been arranged.
The extraordinary conduct of the French has produced 'a most
troublesome correspondence with them ', although the English
did their best to avoid it by concise answers to the French
complaints and protests about alleged breaches of the Treaty.
* The list of the packet appended to this despatch shows an item ' Rodolf d'Gingen
and Andrew Munro's affidavit relating to Mr. Barnewall. '
«3
98 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Then arose La Mettrie's affair and a claim was made on account of
his debt to the French Company. Then 2 English sailors, wander-
ing outside the Bounds, were seized by the French ; and, when
Floyer had them rescued by a party of soldiers, the French com-
plained we had insulted their flag because the incident happened
in a village 3 miles out where they had chosen to hoist it and
claim the village in consequence. It is remarkable that they make
the English responsible for La Mettrie's debt and yet let him go to
Europe on one of their own ships.
It is too evident that the French aim at excluding the English
first from the trade of the Coromandel coast, and then from that of
all India. Hope this may be averted with the help of Nasir Jang,
whose friendship will be carefully cultivated; but wish that the
Company had put Fort St. David more in a position to help itself.
Although Boscawen remonstrated with the Government of Batavia
about their insults to the British flag and the Company's pass, it has
had no effect, for they stopped in the Straits of Malacca a country
ship called the Arcot, bound from Fort St. David to Manilla. Have
certain information that Batavia ordered her voyage to be prevent-
ed altogether, as they have a ship bound for Manilla and hope to
monopolise that trade. But these orders could not be carried out
as we happened to have 3 of our China ships at Malacca. .Shall
write to Negapatam about this and also inform Commodore Lisle.
According to the best information obtainable, 2 ships have
lately reached Pondichery from France with treasure ; one sailed
' sometime since.' The Prince which came out last year has just
sailed. The Favorite, which went to Manilla last year, has gone to
fetch pepper from Mahe, and (it is said), will go to Manilla again
this year. The Anson has gone to Mocha, and the Devanampattanam
(from Bengal) to Mauritius. The French investment has amount-
ed to 2 lakhs of rupees, and they have lately advanced their
merchants a lakh.
When the Brilliant was sent to Achin on a secret cruize in 1747,
Griffin ordered the Chief Mate, Thomas Webster, to remain there
and forward any intelligence he might receive ; he has now
returned, and his expenses (2,008 Rs.) have been paid him.
A Vestry has been held at Madras, and Church-Wardens ap-
pointed to receive the debts due to the Church Stock; several have
been paid and several bonds (not yet due) renewed. A Treasurer
and Trustees have also been elected to collect and manage the
Charity Stock. Have expelled a Roman Catholic priest who
resided at Cuddalore „and given his church to Kiernander of the
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 99
Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. Have also given
the Roman Catholic Church at Vepery, west of Madras, to the
same mission until the Company's pleasure is known. The
latter Church is claimed by Coja Petrus Uscan, but it is believed
that he had previously made it over to the Capuchins. Have
forbidden houses in the White Town at Madras to be sold to any
but European Protestants. Thomas Eyre, late of Council and Pay-
master at Madras, has sent in his accounts for August-October
1746, and applied for payment of the balance due to him. Send on
this ship 6 French deserters detected in an attempt to desert
again, and believed to have been sent to seduce the English
garrison to desert, as many have done lately ; also a private in-
capacitated by a wound in the head. Have protested against the
Captain of the Elizabeth as she cannot take in her full tonnage by
over 38 tons. Forward two petitions from Sunku Rama to the
Company. The Elizabeth's cargo is invoiced at 159,015 Pags.
Diamonds registered by her, 22,670 Pags. Balance in Cash, 14,329
Pags. Bills drawn on the Company for 4,583 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds ; (2) manifest of
sundries shipped as presents ; (3) sailing orders for the Elizabeth',
(4) protest against the Captain of the Elizabeth ; and (5) list of the
packet.
Separate [?] Despatch from Charles Floyer, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. David. Februarys, 1750. Received
MAY 8, 1 75 1. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. 10, pp. 589-590
(India Office transcript.)]
Have been obliged to renew the commission to Major Lawrence
for holding general courts-martial, notwithstanding the Company's
orders to the contrary in its despatch of January 27, 1749. Send
copy of his letter to explain the Council's motives. A compliance
with the orders would have endangered the Company's settlement
with the lives and fortunes of all their servants.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. August 30, 1749. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 53, pp. 21-28 (Original 8 pp.)]
Acknowledge the receipt of the despatch, dated January 16, 1749,
with Floyer's letter to the Secret Committee. Are now despatching
the Lapwing with 80 chests of treasure for Bengal. She is ordered
to put into Fort St. David if she can reach it before the end of
January in which case her treasure is to be coined at once and
100 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
forwarded to Bengal, so that she may be returned the same season
with a cargo of fine goods. No part of the treasure is on any
account to be detained at Fort St. David for the previous diversion
of large sums intended for Bengal has ' most sensibly distressed
us '. Positive orders to take all means to send treasure to Bengal ;
if there should be a stock of ready-coined rupees, they should be
sent instead of the Lapwing's treasure. Return lascars who came
to Europe on the Lapwing and Swallow ; the surgeon is to be paid
105. a head for all landed at Fort St. David ; but this allowance is
never to be paid on lascars navigating any but the Company's own
ships. Have sent the Swallow to procure 250 slaves at Madagascar
for Sumatra ; they will be landed at Fort St. David to be forward-
ed thence. As soon as the Swallow is refitted and the crew refresh-
ed, she will return to Madagascar for a second cargo of slaves in-
tended for Fort St. David, where those fit for it are to be trained
in the military exercise. The agents (the Captain and Chief Mate
of the Swallow) are to be paid £1 for every slave delivered and the
surgeons 55.
The shippers of coral and foreign silver to Fort St. David have
agreed that if the Lapwing goes direct to Bengal, their consign-
ments may be forwarded by any of the Company's ships at their
own risk but without extra charge. Three or more ships are fitting
out at Leghorn for the East Indies ; as many English officers and
sailors are likely to be engaged in that service, have petitioned
His Majesty to cause his Commanders to seize all such according to
the statutes ; Council should apply to the King's officers in the East
to do the same, should the ships appear there. Have advanced
£500 to Coja Marut Marcar, an Armenian of Bengal, who has come
to Europe to procure restitution of a ship of his seized by the
Portuguese at Calicut in 1747, though it had an English pass which
however was said to be irregular. The English Minister has been
ordered to support his claim. Send his bills of exchange on
Michael Gregory, merchant of Fort St. David, in payment of the
advance ; and send a proper form of pass to be given to all
ships entitled to the English protection. In future bills are to be
drawn on the Company at 7s. Sd. per pagoda for Covenanted servants
and those entitled to the higher rate, and at 7s. 4d. for all others.
As large a quantity of goods as possible should be provided for the
investment, especially fine muslins which have been in demand since
the prohibition of cam[bays ?] ; a few bales of succatooms such as
were formerly sent from Madras are also wanted. Will send
plentiful supplies early by the China ships. Complain of the lack
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 101
of books from the subordinate factories. Dismiss Captain
Delavaux for his unsatisfactory behaviour. A General Court held
on June 21 could come to no resolution about the Madras bonds
for lack of information ; repeat previous orders on this subject.
Require every season an exact account of the sales of the Company's
goods. Require annual lists of all Covenanted military and other
servants showing their rank, yearly salary and allowances.
The French Capuchins have no right to present priests to the
' Romish Church ' at Madras ; the Governor, etc., alone make the
appointment. Complain of the failure to send an account of the
quick stock by each ship ; it must show on the one side cash and
bullion, goods in warehouse either for Europe or for sale, etc., and
all good debts, and on the other debts owed by and loans made to
the Company, and goods delivered by the merchants, but not paid
for. The dead stock (forts, buildings, etc.) has no place in this
account. If the subordinate factories fail to send their accounts
in time, a careful estimate must be made instead, but they must be
informed that their negligence will be resented.
Despatch from the Company to Charles Floyer, etc.
East India House. November 3, 174Q. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 53, pp. 29-36 (Copy 8 pp.)]
Ships' arrivals. This goes by the Portfield bound for Fort St.
David and Benjar-massin. Send part of the Swallow's Madagascar
cargo that she could not take in. The Portfield is to be despatched
within 10 days of her arrival. She goes to Benjar not only to get
a lading of pepper for China, but also in order to assert the English
right to a free trade there, which has been obstructed lately by
Dutch chicanery. All useful intelligence is to be communicated to
her supercargoes, and they are to be supplied with a good Malay
interpreter. No treasure consigned to Fort St. David by thisorany
other vessel is to be kept except what is absolutely needed there ;
all the rest is to be coined and sent to Bengal. The 4 China
ships will shortly follow ; it will be well if they can be laded with
goods suitable for China without endangering their passage. Do
not purpose on this occasion to comment on the despatches received
this season ; but observe that most of them are short, that opportu-
nities of writing were neglected, and that the books and papers of
consequence were detained until the departure of the last ship.
All this has a great appearance of negligence. So also has the
despatch of the Delawar to Benjar without instructions, the voyage
being critrical and the Captain deprived of his supercargoes.
102 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Have appointed Engineer-General of all the Settlements in
India, Benjamin Robins, ' a gentleman eminently skilled in his
profession,' who will sail with several assistants by one of the first
ships. All buildings are to be suspended at Fort St. David until his
arrival or further orders. A Council of five is to be appointed to
manage affairs at Madras, with Richard Prince as Chief and Joseph
Fowke as Second ; the Council is to be assisted by a suitable
number of covenanted servants ; and half the Company's troops
are to be garrisoned there under command of a proper officer. In
order to encourage the inhabitants to return, they are to be assured
of enjoying the full rights and privileges which they had before
Madras was captured and that the Company will protect them to be
utmost of its power. No buildings are to be raised or restored there
until Robins' arrival.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO CHARLES FLOYER, ETC.
East India House. December 8, 1749. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 53, pp. 37-53 [Original 17 pp.)]
Reply to despatches of January 16 and February 22. Now send
by the 4 China ships a large quantity of bullion, merchandise
and stores. The ships to be despatched as soon as possible, and
the Company will be gratified if they can be laded with goods for
China without endangering their passage ; any goods put aboard
will be paid for by the supercargoes out of the silver consigned to
them. The London, Kent, Lynn and Norfolk will sail for the Coast
and Bay early next month. All this season's ships are kintledged
with iron ; so there is no need to lade any saltpetre on them unless
there should be a lack of other goods. As many cargoes to be sent
home as possible, despatching first those ships that have been
longest in India. Boscawen was desired on his leaving England to
dismiss as early as possible the Company's ships he did not
absolutely need; are persuaded that if matters had been properly
represented to him, he would have dismissed at least 2 more
than he did after raising the siege of Pondichery, and these extra
ships could have been sent home with pepper from Malabar. The
Porto Bello had great difficulty in getting round the Cape because
she was detained a month at Fort St. David, waiting for books and
papers which might as well have been sent by the Lapwing. The
Dolphin which has not been heard of since her despatch in March
1748, is believed to have been lost at sea. The captures made by His
Majesty's ship Medway's Prize and the Company's ships Benjamin
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 103
and Bombay Castle, have caused difficulties in Bengal, the Govern-
ment demanding their restoration as belonging to Moghal subjects.
As regards the Company's ships at least, the Fort St. David Council
should have insisted on the deposit of the prize-money in the
Company's Treasury till the validity of the prizes had been decided
in England. The rates paid to ships' Captains for the maintenance
of soldiers on board (in one case is. 6d. per diem and in others 8
fanams for privates and 12 for officers) seem excessive ; no effort
was made to reduce the Captains' demands ; nor is it clear whether
the men were King's or Company's troops ; if the former, the
payments should have been certified, so as $£ permit a recovery from
Government. Care to be taken about damaged goods and short
deliveries out of the ships. Details of the method of weighing
copper, etc., in England. Ships' Captains must pay for gunny-bags
to put ballast in.
Send a large quantity of bullion intended solely for Bengal ; it is
to be coined and forwarded with all despatch. Repeat complaints
about the detention of silver for Bengal. Linga Chetti proves
right in declaring that the dollars sent out were 4 dwt. instead of
2J4 worse than standard ; but the rupees coined in February 1749
were only 2Y2 dwt. instead of 4% dwt. better than standard. The
due fineness of the coinage must be strictly maintained. In future
Fort St. David and Sumatra are to be supplied with gunpowder
from Bombay, where very good powder is made. Cancel previous
orders for the purchase of tea. When the contract with the
merchants was made at Fort St. David, it was agreed to give them
broadcloth at 30% on the invoice; but on their desiring to be
excused taking it, it was sold to Linga Chetti at the same rate.
This method was only permitted at Madras in order to assist
merchants heavily indebted to the Company to pay off their debts.
At Fort William and Bombay public sales have proved much more
advantageous. In future all goods sent out are to be put up at
outcry in reasonable lots — broadcloth not more than 4 bales, per-
petuanos not more than 3 bales, and other goods not above the
invoice-value of .£200 — at an up-set price of 15% on the invoice;
purchasers are to be allowed 12 months in which to clear the goods,
with a discount of 9 % should they be cleared within 6 months and
of 3 % if cleared within 12 months ; no goods to be issued with-
out payment. As regards the short deliveries of grain from Bengal,
there may have been carelessness in shipping grain full of dust,
but fear that there was also carelessness in landing it at Fort St.
David.
104 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
The Company has been greatly affected by the small returns
made for the great sums of money spent at Fort St. David, especially
as this has affected the Bengal investment. Send a list of the
goods required; these must be provided at the cheapest possible
rates- The Consultations do not show the names of merchants who
contracted to deliver goods in 1748, nor does the contract seem to
have specified the quantity or time of delivery. Later on the
merchants were allowed an increase of 2 Pags. a corge — appa-
rently without due consideration or enquiry. In future written
tenders are to be called for and entered in the Consultations with
reasons assigned for ..acceptance or rejection ; and contracting
merchants must give security for performance of their contract.
Complain that Floyer's letter to the Secret Committee of February
20 [Wanting], makes no mention of the French ship lately arrived
from Pondichery with a rich cargo or of another ship now expected
thence.
Complain of the lavishness of the presents to Nasir Jang, etc.,
amounting to 20,518 Pags. ; this was far more than commensurate
with any advantages that could have been expected from the
unreliable Indian powers; more frugality and caution must be
displayed. Hope the present tranquillity of the country will per-
mit the increase of the investment. Require a full account of the
extortion of money from Andrews at Ganjam in 1746. Desire all
farmans, grants, etc., at Madras to be collected, translated, and
fair-copied into a book which is to be sent home with all speed.
Benjamin Robins, etc., sail on the Grant/mm. Send full instruc-
tions regarding fortifications in a separate despatch of this day.
When all allowances have been made, the sums spent (and that in-
judiciously) on the works at Fort St. David are unreasonable. When
the Bound-renter applied for a renewal of his lease, it was granted
without considering the applications which Floyer stated he had
received ; in future all forms, licenses, etc., are to be sold at public
outcry. Object to the advance made to Peter Dencker of 500 Pags.
to enable him to set up a butcher's shop in Cuddalore with the
monopoly of supplying the soldiers at prices much higher than
those at which he supplied the Madras garrison in 1746; a free
and open market is to be encouraged, and Dencker's loan recovered.
The slaves from Madagascar are to be employed on the works as
well as trained up in the military.
Are highly displeased with Floyer for disobeying the Secret Com-
mittee's express orders to collect and send home proofs of Peyton's
alleged misconduct ; he allowed Morse to retain the papers and
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 105
send home by Monson copies, which are useless as evidence. If
Morse has not already sailed, he is to come home by the first ship.
Will demand of Harrison the 2,000 Pags. he owes to the Church
Stock. Order Lennox home by the first ship and complain of his
being allowed to remain in India in defiance of former orders. The
Regulations for the Military and Artillery are not to be altered in
respect of pay or the establishment of officers without express
permission. Care to be taken to prevent the false musters which
are believed to have been practised before Lawrence's arrival.
Cannot admit the reasons assigned for maintaining the Troop of
horse ; it is to be broke and the accoutrements, etc., sold to reim-
burse in part the extravagant expense of raising and maintaining
it. In future muster rolls must be sent home annually in duplicate
with a certified list of men dead, run or discharged. Will consider
Captain James Cope's services as Judge-Advocate when properly
certified from Fort St. David. Desire a report from Lawrence on
the ability and conduct of the various officers.
Complain of collusive disregard of the Company's orders about
the Madras claims in allowing Coja Shawmier to set off Madras
bonds against the bond he gave to the President, etc., of Bombay,
and in making advances of 500 Pags. to Peter Dencker and 1,200
to John Gray. Very little trouble was taken about the Madras
claims; they were simply noted in Consultation without enquiry.
Why did Morse put in his claim for 40,000 Pags. only on February
18, 1749. when public notice had been given long before ? The
full report already required must be made. Complain of the
Steward's being allowed to have in hand so large a balance as
21,965 Pags. paid in on November 30, 1748. The True Briton should
not have been despatched without a letter to the Company.
Complain of carelessness in drawing bills on the Company and in
making up the lists of stores in hand, for which purpose a set
form is now prescribed.
Disallow the pensions granted to the widows Graham and
Smith and to Captain de Morgan ; if their necessities are so great,
they should be sent home, where the Company will consider their
claims. No pensions may be granted without the Company's
permission. When Holt was in charge of the Mint, he held no
other post and was not entitled to any extra allowance. Approve
the application to Boscawen for the repayment of the sums
expended on the seige of Pondichery ; but he should also have
been requested to authenticate the accounts, which would have
facilitated the Company's application to Government. All papers
14
106 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
relating to the unadjusted accounts of the Squadron when under
Barnett and Peyton must be collected and sent home, as, owing to
Peyton's death, difficulties are expected in their settlement.
Sumatra affairs.
Supplement : The Navy Victualling Commissioners desire
that, if Commodore Lisle shall have left India before the arrival
of the provisions now sent, the provisions be sold and the produce
remitted to Europe in Company's bills. Have had great difficulty
over Belsches' accounts; £285 has been struck off and Belsches
must refund this sum and give security to make good any future
deductions.
Separate [?] Despatch from the Company to Charles
Floyer, etc. East India House. December 8, 1749.
[Public Despatches from England, Vol. 53, pp. 55-65 (Original
II PPJ]
Having resolved to make the Company's settlements as secure
as possible against the attacks of European or Indian enemies,
have appointed Benjamin Robins, Engineer-General and Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Artillery. He is to receive all support and
assistance, and, where his instructions appear ambiguous, his
interpretation of them is to be accepted. His instructions are
as follows : —
He is to proceed first to Fort St. David, then to Fort St.
George, Calcutta and Bombay, calling at St. Helena on his way
back from India, and if possible at the subordinate settlements in
India (especially Vizagapatam) on his way from one Presidency to
another ; to make an exact plan of the present works at each place
and form a scheme for their improvement, to be sent home with an
estimate of the expense, etc. ; to have access to all the Company's
records bearing on the matter; to command the Artillery wherever
he may be, form a plan for their exercise, and see them trained ;
to examine all stores in the magazines, send home inventories of
them, and report how far the orders of June 17, 1748, have been
carried out ; to suspend or dismiss any officer or private of Artillery
unfit for service, reporting the reasons to the Company ; in case of
an attack on any settlement, to consider whether it is necessary to
go thither or not, but, wherever he is, he is to be present and vote
at all Consultations where military affairs are discussed ; except
at Calcutta, to avoid entering on 'any great expensive work' till
the Company's orders have been received, but where repairs or
alterations are absolutely and urgently necessary, they may be
CALENDAR FOR 1749-1750 107
undertaken at once (the Company's warehouses and magazines
must be situated in secure places within the forts) ; to appoint
inspectors (if needed) at each working place to muster the coolies
and certify the bills (which must be countersigned by Robins
himself) with which the Paymaster's account is to be examined
every month ; if Robins is dissatisfied with the Paymaster's
conduct, he may require his dismissal ; and he may remove from
his post any other person employed on the works ; instructions
regarding the defences of Calcutta ; John Barker, Nathaniel
Carrington, Charles O'Hara, Sampson Morrice, Charles Knapton,
and Philip Glass appointed Assistants, to be employed as Robins
directs; he is to draw £20 a month for their diet (with a pro-
portionate abatement should any die or be dismissed) ; they are
to be paid as salary, Barker £40 and the others £20 each per annum,
till Robins returns to Europe, when Barker is to be entertained as
Factor with rank from his arrival in India and the others as writers
with similar standing ; any other of the Company's servants may
be employed if Robins thinks fit, provided that if they are above
the rank of writer, they agree to such employment ; they shall not
lose pay, rank or other advantages by so doing ; should Robins
leave a settlement before the new works are completed, he may
leave one or more of his Assistants to complete them ; they are to
maintain regular journals, showing the daily progress, men
employed, payments made, and any complaints that they may
have to make to Council about the conduct of the works, which
journals are to be forwarded to the Company through Robins ; and
they may depend on being rewarded in proportion to their good
conduct; to secure that works be completed according to the
plan on which they may be begun, Robins is to prepare large-scale
plans, or if necessary large models, with detailed explanations ;
he is to correspond directly with the Company, observe the latitude
and longitude of the places he visits, note the variation of the
compass, and pursue any other enquiries for the inprovement of
Geography, Navigation, or other branch of useful knowledge, etc.
Robins is to receive the same military and other honours as the
Third in Council. All the Company's servants are required to
facilitate his work ; he is under covenants to remain in India till the
sailing of the last ship for Europe from the place where he may be
in the months of January — March, 1754, or, in case he loses his
passage outwards, 1755 ; he is to receive for his own and his servants'
diet £10 a month, which with the other allowances is to be paid at
7s. &cl. per pagoda; he is to be paid his travelling expenses on the
108 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Company's service, and those of his Assistants ; and the charges of
putting his schemes into execution are to be entered under a special
head; he is to be provided with quarters in the Fort or elsewhere.
Thomas Heath, who was sent out to serve under Delevaux, and
reported incapable of Engineer's work, is to be tried by Robins ;
and, if really incapable, sent home. Robert Barrowcliffe (smith)
and Israel Selfe (carpenter) sent out with Robins, to serve for
5 years from their arrival at £60 a year.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. January 12, 1750. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 53, pp. 67-73 [Original 7 pp.)]
This goes by the Norfolk which will bring 300 pipes of Madeira,
half of which is for Fort St. David ; her officers are allowed 20 pipes
on their privilege. The Kent, London, and Lynn are directed to call at
Fort St. David on their way to Bengal to land their bullion and
take in an equal amount of rupees which should be available from
the bullion landed by the China ships. Usual orders to send all
spare silver to Bengal. All the ships are again sent out kintledged
with iron which must be deducted from the charterparty tonnage
and thus will facilitate sending more ships home. Saltpetre to be
put on board only if needed to complete the charterparty tonnage.
Arrangements to be made with the other Presidencies to send home
all shipping in the season of their arrival. If any ship is detained, it
should be the London and she should be employed so as to reimburse
at least the cost of demurrage. Desire one or two ships to be
despatched if possible so as to arrive in June with a large propor-
tion of fine Coast goods to be included in the September sale.
Direct an exact list of all books and papers received from the
French at Madras to be compiled and sent home. Have appointed
Joseph Cooper a writer. Have allowed the following to reside in
India :— Thomas Whitlatch, John Brohier and Jacob Dawson as
mariners; John Page as a surgeon; and Joseph Lowe (now in
Bengal) as free merchant. The reported prevalence of gaming
having proved true, and Floyer and other senior servants
having thus occupied almost their whole time to the general dis-
organisation of the Company's affairs, dismiss Floyer and Holt from
their service. Appoint a new Council, to consist of Thomas
Saunders (Governor), Richard Prince (Second with succession to
the chair), Major Lawrence, Cornelius Goodwin, Richard Starke,
Joseph Fowke, Charles Boddam, Henry Powney, Robert Goodere,
George Pigot and Samuel Greenhaugh. The members have been
CALENDAR FOR 1749- 17 50 109
chosen according to ' their real standing ' in the service. Though
Edward Croke has been omitted from the Council, he may continue
in the service, ranking as senior merchant next under Council, with
£200 a year in lieu of all pay and allowances. Wynch and West-
cott, late of Council, are to rank as they would have done had
Madras not been taken. Vacancies in Council are to be filled by
the next in standing, unless there is reason to the contrary. George
Pigot, who became a prisoner of war at Madras and then came
home, now returns to his duty. The whole Council must take the
usual oath of fidelity and furnish the usual securities. One of the
ablest of Council to be Chief of Vizagapatam and a capable person
Chief of Ingeram. Munro and Lightfoot may be re-entertained as
Surgeons at Madras if they apply therefor. Enquiry to be made
into the accounts of Floyer and all others concerned in the late
mismanagement, as there is reason to think that their vast
expenditure has not been properly accounted for. Repeat orders
for a strict enquiry into the gaming of both civil and military
servants, who are to be called before Council and acquainted with
the Company's orders.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. March 22, 1750. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol 53, pp. 75-79 (Copy 5 PP-)\
Ships' sailings. Have taken up 2 more ships- — the Benjamin
for the Coast and Bay, and the True Briton for China. The former
will carry an additional supply of treasure to Bengal to pay off
debts contracted there. She will call at Fort St. David if she can
reach it by August 15, and is to be despatched within 10 days of
her arrival with all the rupees on hand and what can be coined in
10 days, an equal quantity of bullion being landed out of her.
Errors in the bills of lading for goods sent from Fort St. David to
Canton. Extraordinary omission to send home an account of the
great storm in April 1749. Defects in the cloth sent home from
the Coast. Standing order, that Minutes of Consultation are to be
signed by the members present on or before the next Consultation
day, and the duplicate copy to be signed on the following Consul-
tation day at furthest. No person to be allowed to come home until
he has adjusted his accounts with the Company. Captain Taylor
of the Trial snow to be dismissed for misconduct when sent to
cruise off Bombay against the Angria pirates. On reconsidering
the advices of April 25, 1748, regarding Lawrence's pay, find the
alterat ion so considerable that the approval already given is
no THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
withdrawn. Lawrence is to have only what was agreed upon —
£250 a year with the usual allowances for diet, servants and
palankin for the Third of Council, and the clothing of his company,
without any other allowances or pay of any kind.
The Cash accounts show that Floyer was keeping larger cash
balances in his hands than was ordered. All original papers that
have passed between Boscawen and the Council relative to pay-
ments on account of the Fleet and Army must be sent home with
all similar papers relating to Barnett, Peyton and Griffin. Captain
Samuel Hough and Peter Downes allowed to reside in India as
free merchants. Richard Grindal who has been regularly trained
under an eminent Hospital Surgeon, and has practised in London
with great reputation, will go out next season as Assistant Surgeon,
and is to have the first vacancy of Chief Surgeon after Andrew
Munro and Stephen Lightfoot have been provided for.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES. 1750-1751
Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. September 26, 1750. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 18, pp. 1-13 {Copy 1 3 pp.))
This goes by the Lapwing, ordered by the Bengal Council to
call here for despatches. 4 ships for China arrived and were
despatched between May 6 and July 27 ; 4 more arrived and
were despatched for Bengal between July 6 and September 15 ;
and a fifth which has arrived will sail thither in a few days-
Have received despatches dated November 3 and December 8, 1749-
and January 12 and March 22, 1750. The despatch of January 12
arrived by the Lynn on July 6. Lawrence was the only member of
the new Council on the spot. He at once sent a copy to the members
at Madras, who desired him to take temporary charge of Fort St.
David, and to send the Brilliant to fetch Saunders from Vizaga-
patam. Saunders arrived September 19. Goodwin and Green-
haugh have declined the Company's service on the score of ill-
health.
Regret the loss of the Duke of Cumberland. Have sent up to
Bengal all the silver that could be coined by the ships' despatch.
The Swallow arrived from Madagascar with 245 coffrees on August
28, and the Fort St. George with 114 on September 7. The former
will be sent to Sumatra with 150 or 160 — all she will be able to
carry ; the rest will be detained here.
Commodore Lisle returned from his cruise to the eastward on
September 23, having left behind him Captain Speke with the
Swallow. Lisle has sailed for Madras to join the Ruby and get the
orders waiting for him there. Robins arrived on the Grantham July
14, has surveyed the works here and at Madras, and now sends his
plans and observations.
The French have been only too successful in their destructive
schemes ; but advice of this must be deferred till the Fort St. George
sails next month, so as not to detain the Lapwing. The diamonds
registered amount to 193.432 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds ; (.2) sailing orders
for the Lapwing; and (3) list of the packet.
H2 'THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
FORT ST. DAVID. OCTOBER 24, 1750. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 8, pp. 14-47 (Copy 34 PP-)\
This goes by the Fort St. George. Ships' movements. The
Severn had 25 chests of bullion from Bombay for Bengal, which
were replaced by rupees here, and she was despatched September
6. Have sent 160 slaves to Sumatra by the Swallow and shall send
her home in January. Arrack, timber and plank, being greatly
needed here, will be brought from Batavia by the Brilliant. Will
assist to the utmost in sending home as many ships as possible.
Have desired Bengal to send down 2 ships half-laded to be filled
up here in January ; but will be unable to assist Bombay in filling
2 ships which cannot be laded on that coast. Refer to the
Company Captain Taylor's claim for pay as Commander of the
Tryal from January to March. He is dismissed the service, but is a
very capable, industrious man. When the supercargoes of the Port-
field applied for information about Borneo, could only inform them
that the Captain of the Delawar had written to the late Secretary
Mole of his ill-treatment there owing to the machinations of the
Dutch. There is no trade between Fort St. David and Borneo, and
no linguist could be supplied.
Enumerate damages and deficiencies in the cargoes sent out
from Europe. Have received 1 50 pipes of Madeira in good condi-
tion ; and last year's supply has also been sent down from Bengal.
Could procure no goods suitable to lade on the China ships as there
had been 3 Macao ships on the Coast. Have sent in all to Bengal
this year 37,21,965 Rs. and 66 chests of silver. Have written to
Bengal for 5,000 bags of saltpetre, as Robins considers a large stock
should be kept in hand to make powder ; and on Lawrence's advice
have applied to Bombay for 7,000 barrels of gunpowder. Silver has
been cheap and rupees at 400 or more per 100 Pags., owing to
Nasir Jang's army (which has been in the Carnatic since the latter
part of February) being paid in rupees. On the other hand the
War has made every one hide their valuables, so that there is a
great scarcity of gold, and it has been difficult to get pagodas
even to pay the military, and the Northern investment has suffered
much for lack of Madras Pagodas. The only remedy seems a large
importation of gold. Beg 100,000 £ worth of silver to be sent out
and exchanged for gold in China to be sent to the Coast. Will obey
orders about the sale of the Company's goods, but apprehend diffi-
culties. Edwards and Linga Chetti declare that the rupees have
always been kept to the usual standard; more samples are sent.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 113
When the merchants were questioned about the investment for
the year, they observed that the armies in the country were continu-
ally oppressing and plundering the weavers, and insisted on being
allowed the same prices as last year. An increase is expected in
the Madras investment; orders have been given for the encourage-
ment of merchants and inhabitants there. Have already received
462 bales from Vizagapatam and 390 from Ingeram ; hope for further
bales by January as more money has been sent. Fear the state of
the country may prevent the completing of 2 Bengal ships as
well as the despatch of the Swallow in January.
Soon after the despatch of the Elizabeth, the French, etc., raised
the siege of Tanjore, on receipt of the news that Nasir Jang had
entered the province and detached troops to relieve Tanjore. Their
retreat was so hasty that they left most of their heavy guns and
mortars behind them, and are reckoned to have lost 500 Europeans
by sickness, etc. Though the Marathas were sent to harass them on
their march, they reached Pondichery with little loss about the
time that Nasir Jang reached Arcot. After some stay there, the latter
marched to Tiruviti (25 miles west of Fort St. David) whence he
sent a vakil to Floyer demanding assistance. The French at this time
had taken the field again, and were camped 20 miles south-west
of Pondichery, as though resolved to make a stand there. They
had about 1,000 Europeans, 2,000 sepoys and coffrees, and a large
train of Artillery, with 15,000 horse belonging toMuzaffar Jang and
Chunda Sahib. Cope was then ordered to join Nasir Jang from
Trichinopoly, and Lawrence soon after marched with the troops
that could be spared from the garrison. After Lawrence's arrival,
the whole army advanced ; and, after a day's distant and ineffec-
tive cannonade, the enemy retreated so precipitately as to leave
behind 10 guns and 2 cohorns (the greater part of their train \
the people belonging to which were cut to pieces. The Marathas
pursued the enemy as soon as their flight was known, but the latter
escaped safely to Pondichery. Muzaffar Jang separated his
troops from Chunda Sahib's, and next day submitted to Nasir Jang,
who put him in confinement. After this Nasir Jang advanced
to Valudavur, 7 miles west of Pondichery, but would not
pass beyond that, as Lawrence and Westcott informed him that
the English could not act against the French in their Bounds,
where they would be principals. Nasir Jang remained at
Valudavur about a month, and then moved to Arcot. He desired
the English to accompany him ; but Lawrence, etc., insisted on first
receiving grants of the Poonamallee country, to which demand
*5
II4 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Nasir Jang returned no answer; and the English troops were
recalled and reached Fort St. David April 22.
Soon after this, the French and Chunda Sahib marched out and
began ravaging and levying contributions on the country. They
reached and captured Tiruviti, and then sent a party to Chidam-
baram (25 miles south-west of Fort St. David) where the suburbs
were plundered, and a large .contribution was about to be levied
for not molesting the temple there. At this juncture Muhammad
Ali wrote to Floyer, saying that the French were fortifying them-
selves in Tiruviti, declaring that a sanad granting Poonamallee to
the English had been drawn out and lodged with a substantial
merchant of Arcot, to be delivered when Muhammad Ali became
Nawab in September, and sending a copy of the sanad with a bill
of exchange for Rs. 20,000 to defray the expenses of the troops for
two months in lieu of the Poonamallee revenues for that time. As
the French had declared that they would make Chunda Sahib
Nawab, which would be disastrous to the English, Cope was sent
out with 600 men and a field-train on June 30, and joined the
Nawab (who had come from Arcot with a body of horse) west of
Tiruviti. The French then withdrew from Chidambaram without
having levied their contribution, left a garrison in Tiruviti, and
retired. Our people continued in camp till the middle of August.
The French and Chunda Sahib had come out again and were
encamped within a mile of us west of Tiruviti ; but there was no
prospect of an action, as we could not, and the enemy would not,
attack ; and our officers and men were daily falling sick. On this,
Lawrence with the advice of Starke and Powney recalled the
troops. A few days later the French attacked the Nawab,
scattered his army, and burnt his camp. He fled to Gingee, but,
not venturing to stand a siege there, retreated inland, on which
" Gingee was captured by the French.
Nasir Jang's present with the sundry camp charges amounted
to 25,71 5 Pags. When it was ready, Westcott set out with it to join
Lawrence. For details of the embassy refer to the Ambassadors'
Diary.* All they could get was fruitless promises. Muhammad
Ali has been appointed Nawab of Arcot, and has made the English
a grant of the Tiruvendipuram country for services rendered.
Now he and Nasir Jang are again requesting English help.
The expense of an expedition will be large ; but the consequences
of French success will be fatal. Have sent a vakil to Nasir Jang
to assure him of our readiness to assist against the French and
* A copy exists in the Omie MSS.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 115
Chunda Sahib provided he will confirm the grants of the countries
promised us, but also to declare that we cannot act' against the
French as principals, as it would be imprudent to make promises
which we could not keep. If our demands are granted, the
revenues of the countries will maintain a number of men needed
for the English garrisons. Understand that if Nasir Jang is
defeated, he will give the province over to be plundered by the
Marathas. In these circumstances submit that the English garrisons
are much too weak, and beg large reinforcements, assuring the
Company that no prejudicial schemes shall be entertained and
no needless expense incurred.
Andrews has again been plundered at Ganjam; have directed
the vakil to obtain redress from Nasir Jang.
Since Robins' arrival, no repairs to buildings, etc., have been
undertaken without his approval. Represent the great difficulties
caused by the lack of warehouses ; those that can be got are
scattered here and there, and expensive to hire. Again the ships
have to lie a long way out ; the boats are few and ill-worked; so
that even in the fair season lading is a tedious business, while
gales often threaten to drive the ships ashore. The Devikottai
bounds have been let for 5 years at 6,000 Pags. a year and
' Cholagga' Nayinar has been appointed Poligar there. As soon as
Madras is fairly resettled, the farms shall be relet at their full
value ; believe that the continued suspension of the grain-duties
there for 6 months more will induce most of the inhabitants to
return. Up till now the Nawab has granted St. Thome and Tiru-
vendipuram with their dependencies, and promised the Poonamallee
country ; no grants have yet been confirmed by Nasir Jang.
Hitherto the rents of the new grants have been directly collected •
but it is intended to farm them out at an annual rent.
The Council has been formed according to the Company's
orders. Westcott and Alexander Wynch have replaced Good-
win and Greenhaugh who declined the service. Regarding
Joseph Fowke, he was formerly appointed Second at Madras, but
was not then allowed to take up the post as he had declined
rejoining the service when the Company permitted the readmission
of the Madras servants ; he now claims that the Company intended
to continue him there ; the matter is not clear, but, in order not to
prejudice the consignments that are made to him at Madras, he
has been allowed to continue there till the Company's pleasure is
known. Richard Prince continues Deputy Governor at Madras.
Robert Goodere, who has resided several years to the northward.
116 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
has been made Chief of Vizagapatam ; and John Churchey
Resident at Ingeram. Arrival of Robins and his assistants, of
wnom Carrington has died. Achilles Preston has been entertained
in his place. Fairfield has been appointed Sub-Accountant, a
laborious post which carries with it a gratuity at the other presi-
dencies. Richard Turner, writer, died on May 3. Captain-
Lieutenant James Killpatrick has been promoted Captain ; Ensigns
John Innis and John de Mare, Lieutenants ; John Brohier, Lieutenant
in the Train ; and Edward Joseph Cooper, William Harpur, and
John Harrison, Ensigns. Captain Dugald MacDonald, Lieutenants
Peter Nost and John Turnbull, and Ensigns Edward Stubbs and
John Holdman, have died. Lieutenant Francis Cooke and Ensign
Peter Campbell have resigned. Lieutenant Philip Bulkeley prefers
to remain in the Military ; he was appointed Adjutant at Madras
on Cooke's resignation.
As the Company's Artillery Regulations allow Dumarchais no
hopes of promotion, he has resigned and proposes to go to Batavia.
Dawsonne Drake has returned from China and been admitted into
the Company's service as Military Paymaster. Dr. Stephen
Lightfoot is reported to have died in Bengal. Munro is Surgeon at
Madras ; and Turing and Wilson, Surgeons at Fort St. David.
Have taken off the pensions as directed. The ex-pensioners
solicit the Company's indulgence, and widows Graham and Mansell
are living on private charity. Mr. Baker died April 16. The Rev.
Robert Palk has been obliged by private affairs to embark for
Europe ; his conduct has satisfied all ; recommend him in case he
wishes to return. Lawrence has resigned and now goes home in
company with Morse, Floyer, Belsches, Lieutenant Cooke, Ensign
Campbell, Miss Rous, and two children. Are in great need of
covenanted servants. Do not find that gambling has been prevalent.
All civil and military servants have been acquainted with the
Company's orders, and those disobeying them will be dismissed.
Stores amounting to 13.771 Pags., expended in the siege of
Pondichery, have been written off. Minor errors in accounts.
Have appointed a Committee of Accounts; send their report
with all original papers relating to the Squadron's accounts, with
a statement of the Madras claims and list of the Madras books.
All accounts shall be kept as before the loss of Madras, and a
strict scrutiny made. Charles Hopkins reports that he cannot
balance the Madras books for 1746 as several papers are missing
and the amounts of silver sold monthly by the Warehouse-Keeper
are unknown.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 117
The French claim to act as principals, on which ground they
have at different times protested against our assisting Muhammad
Ali, ' the legal Nawab.' Forward the correspondence that has
passed. Will take no 'unwarrantable steps' but will do every-
thing possible to frustrate their schemes, which if successful would
ruin the English trade. Hear that Yanam has been destroyed by the
Moors. At Masulipatam the French factors were made prisoners,
but since then the French have recovered their factory by force,
and are excluding the Moors and the Dutch from any trade there.
Are surprised that the Dutch should have borne so many insults
without showing resentment. Six ships have reached Pondichery
this year, said to have brought treasure worth 10 millions of livres;
some recruits have arrived, and a large body is said to be coming.
2 ships have been despatched to the Islands with about 200
bales, redwood, etc. ; it is thought they will be filled up with coffee.
In spite of the great sum sent out, the French investment does not
appear to be considerable.
In April Father Angelo de Gertrude, claiming to be Resident
for the Emperor at Covelong, desired the English to procure him
a farman for that place from Nasir Jang ; the request was declined.
The Viceroy of Goa also has complained of the seizure of Padre
Antonio and of the occupation of St. Thome ; he has been referred
to Europe.
Lisle with His Majesty's ships Vigilant and Ruby sailed for
Bombay on October 14. On Lisle's request, the King's stores left
behind at Madras have been taken over for the Company's use or for
sale at outcry. Belsches has delivered in his accounts, and paid
the deductions as ordered ; he has signed a bond for the repayment
of any further deductions.
Regarding the I0£ permission money for passages, Morse and
Floyer say it was never paid by the Company's Governors;
Belsches says that Dr. Douglas was excused paying it; and
Lawrence and the other officers declare that officers never paid it ;
the Madras records show that this was the case; so it has not
been insisted on. Have put condemned guns aboard the ship to
stiffen her at the Captain's desire. The cargo is invoiced at
163,724 Pags. Diamonds, etc., registered 43,095 Pags. Balance in
cash 33,460 Star and 129 Madras Pags. Bills have been drawn on
the Company for 458 Pags.
Appended are: — (i) register of diamonds; (2) list of the
Company's revenues at Fort St. David, May 1, 1749 to April 30,
1750 : — farms, 5,700 Pags.; customs and quit-rent, 29,838 Pags.; at
118 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Tiruvendipuram (amount collected from February 27 to October 24),
831 Pags. ; at Devikottai (revenue produced by the crop at the time
it was taken) 4,000 Pags., now farmed out at 6,000 Pags. a year ;
(3) list of the packet ; and (4) sailing orders for the Fort St. George.
DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
FORT ST. DAVID. NOVEMBER 3, 1750. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 18, pp. 48-49 {Copy ll/2 />/>•)]
Send this to Bombay to be forwarded overland to report the
arrival of all ships destined for the Coast except the Duke of
Cumberland. The China ships were despatched in good time and
the Bengal ships with all the rupees that could be spared. Loss
of the Lynn in the Hugli. The Fort St. George was late in being
despatched, but the weather has continued moderate with westerly
winds, and she should by now have got out of the Bay. Hope to
be able to complete 2 Bengal ships in January and lade the
Swallow with fine goods if she returns early enough from Sumatra.
There is no change in the political situation ; but our vakil has
seen Nasir Jang, and gives hopes of success.
DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
FORT St. DAVID. JANUARY 24, 175 1. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 9, pp, l~7 {Copy 7 pp.) Damaged; also India
Office transcript, Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II, pp. 1-8.]
Have already written by the Don Carlos bound for Persia about
' the unexpected revolution.' When Chunda Sahib's affairs seemed
desperate, Nasir Jang was treacherously murdered by the Nawabs
of Cuddapah and Kurnool ; and at the sight of his head exposed
upon a spear his army at once ceased to resist the French who
had attacked them. Muzaffar Jang was proclaimed Prince of the
Deccan ; the officers paid him homage, and in a few hours order
was completely restored in the camp. A few days afterwards,
they marched to Pondichery, with Nasir Jang's three brothers as
prisoners, and made a grand entry ; handsome rewards were given
to the officers ; it is reported Dupleix got an immense sum in jewels
and treasure, and that the French Company will be reimbursed for
its expenditure and receive grants of inland countries and sea-ports.
They already hold Masulipatam, Covelong and Nagore, and are
said to contemplate building a fort on Divi Island. The Durbar of
Muzaffar Jang is wholly under French influence. It was deemed
necessary that a French force should proceed to Golconda to
secure Nasir Jang's treasure and firmly establish Muzaffar Jang
there before any party could be raised against him. He has
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 TIQ
already marched as far as Arcot. A Maratha army is reported to
be on this side of the Kistna. He has 300 French and 9 field-guns
with him ; but it is hoped that the long marches and heat will
destroy most of them. Many are said already to have deserted.
On departing, Muzaffar Jang appointed Chunda Sahib to the
Government of Arcot having already allied himself with the
French; and, it is said, left the province entirely under Dupleix'
control.
While at Pondichery Muzaffar Jang and Chunda Sahib wrote to
the English demanding the restoration of the sea-ports they had
occupied during the troubles ; so no favours can be expected from
the present Government. It is generally believed that Nasir Jang's
family will oppose Muzaffar Jang. The revolution has alarmed
the King of Tanjore who has demanded English assistance in
consequence of a treaty made with Floyer ; Muhammad AH (who
luckily escaped to Trichinopoly) has also put in claims to our
support. As the murder of Nasir Jang was an act of violence,
contrary to the law of nations, the traitors cannot possess legal
authority. As Muhammad Ali was appointed Nawab of Arcot by
Nasir Jang, he is the legal prince till an appointment is made from
Delhi. Have received farmans for the districts granted by him in
consideration for the English alliance, in fulfilment of which a
detachment has been sent to Trichinopoly under Captain Cope to
secure it from any attempts by Chunda Sahib. Lieutenant Pascall
has been sent with a detachment to assist the King of Tanjore in
consideration of a farman for Devikottai and its bounds from the
King. Intend sending Charles Hopkins to Divi Island and
Masulipatam to plant the English colours on the Island and in the
English factory. Shall orotest if any insult is offered them.
The Carnatic is likely to be the scene of war for many years ;
force of arms is now the only title to the Government; and the
success of the Company's affairs depends greatly on having a
force to counterbalance that of the French who are said to expect
great reinforcements. The revenues of the English grants amount
to 50,000 Pags. — St. Thome 6,000, Poonamallee at least 30,000,
Devikottai 6,000, and Tiruvendipuram 8,000. Shipping news.
Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. February 7, 1751. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 18, pp. 49-83 {Copy 35 pp.)]
Cite despatch of January 24 sent via Persia. Now write by the
Severn which arrived here January 21. The Norfolk has not yet
120 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
come in sight. Have ordered the Britannia now lying at Madras
to be sent if possible to Tellicherry to take in surplus pepper there
for Europe.
When the broadcloth was about to be put up at public outcry
according to the Company's orders, Linga Chetti petitioned, saying
that he had long served the Company faithfully, that he had bought
broadcloth when no one else would venture on it, that it had
been promised him by Floyer, and that should the new supply
be sold in small lots at the limited price less 9 % for prompt
payment, the purchasers would be able to undersell him, he still
having a large stock on hand. As these facts were not known to
the Company, it was decided to let Linga Chetti have the broad-
cloth this time, but to allow him no claim upon it in future. The
copper sent has been sold at Madras at 79K Pags. the candy.
Have had ill-fortune with the coffrees, 86 of whom died in spite
of every care. The rest are now well ; the men are trained to arms,
and the women will be sent to Sumatra.
Two country vessels with 40 chests of rupees for Bengal lost
their passage and put into Vizagapatam ; but it is hoped that the
treasure will reach Bengal in time to be of use. Owing to un-
accountable deficiencies in the goods and treasure sent lately to
Bengal, shall insist on the Captain or Purser seeing all goods
weighed and paying for deficiencies.
Learn from Bombay that 900 barrels of gunpowder can be
supplied yearly ; have embraced this offer as the Bombay gun-
powder is much better than that made on the Coast. Rupees are
still as low as 382 per 100 Pags. Have ordered all receipts and
payments to be made in pagodas. This has supplied gold enough
to pay the military who were very discontented ; but still lack
pagodas for the investment. As such large amounts of silver were
sent to Bengal, there was not enough remaining here to answer the
merchants' requirements, and so 20 chests of bullion have been
taken out of the Britannia.
In spite of disappointments, will be able to fill up the Severn,
Norfolk and Swallow. Madras has not supplied the expected
number of bales, owing (it is reported) to the troubled state of the
country ; and the Northern investment was greatly affected by
2 ships with supplies of money for Vizagapatam losing their
passages. Violent rains from the beginning of October to the end
of December prevented washing; and it was thought better to
send cloth unbleached than detain the ships. Have made no
advances lately to the merchants owing to the low price of rupees.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 121
Affairs are too uncertain to make any promises at present about
this year's investment.
The fort of Poonamallee (though not included in the farman
and not the Company's property) has been handed over by the
Killedar. Prince has sent a detachment there under Lieutenant
Campbell, and made a few small repairs. That district reaches
20 miles from Madras, as do parts of the Tiruvendipuram country
from Fort St. David. Military expenses have been small ; 25,000
Rs. have been received from the King of Tanjore since October,
and 16,000 from Muhammad Ali on account of a former expedition.
Consider that the whole success of the Company's affairs here
depends on having ' a force to curb the French.' It might have
been better for trade if the Country powers had been left to decide
their own quarrels ; but once the French attempted to surround the
English settlements so as to be able to cut off their trade and sup-
plies of provisions, it was judged necessary to oppose them, to
avoid a situation ill in peace and worse in war. The troubles in
the province leading up to Nasir Jang's death will no doubt be
variously represented at Court ; to secure proper comprehension of
the conduct of the English, will send letters with an impartial
account of all that has happened since the coming of Chunda Sahib
and Muzaffar Jang.
Robins sends a particular account of the additions, etc., necessary
to the fortifications. The excessive rains have hindered the works,
which consist in pallisading the covered way, completing the glacis,
and digging a dry ditch south of the fort. There being insufficient
quarters for the officers, have resolved to build lodgings which
Robins estimates to cost 1,981 Pags. At present the only hospi-
tal is an old, ruinous building at Cuddalore, where the men are
exposed to the severity of the weather, probably at the cost of
many lives. A hospital to receive 200 men is estimated to cost
8,492 Pags. and will be begun as soon as the season permits.
Devikottai fort, having suffered by the rains, has been ordered
to be surveyed. Godown-hire and extra coolies for rice alone
cost 3,500 Pags. a year; if similar charges on the rest of the
Company's goods were added in, it would go a long way towards
paying for the necessary buildings. But this must await the Com-
pany's decision regarding the seat of the Presidency. As only 831
Pags. had been collected in the Tiruvendipuram country since
March, and the collection was troublesome, it/has been rented out
for 8,000 Pags. a year. St. Thome also, producing only 2,106 Pags.
in the last year, has been rented at 4,000 Pags. a year exclusive
16
122 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
i
of sea- and land-customs. Do not yet know the number of villages
in the Poonamallee district or its annual revenue ; but as in direct
collection the money passes through so many hands that half is
lost, have resolved to rent this out also.
There has been a decrease in land-customs of 754 Pags. and
in sea-customs of 5,389 Pags.; ascribe this to the discourage-
ment of trade by the inevitable slowness in despatching ships, lack
of godowns. etc. ; whereas Madras is now resettled, ships can be
quickly despatched thence, and there are plenty of warehouses, etc.
Rice at Fort St. David is 85 Pags. the garse and at Madras only
65 ; yet owing to the rapidity of despatch at Madras 50 grain-
vessels have put in there and only 5 at Fort St. David. The farms
at Madras have been let out for one year.
On Starke's being appointed to Fort St. David, Thomas Cooke
was sent as Second to Madras. The Rev. Mr. Swinfen died at
Madras, November 17; James Wilson at present officiates as
Chaplain there with the allowance usual at subordinacies. Charles
Hopkins (who resigned owing to ill-health) has now desired per-
mission to .execute the covenants sent out for him and has been
allowed to do so. John Palmer who has served for some years
under the Secretary and Accountant, is recommended for appoint-
ment as a Writer. William Percival, having applied for admission
into Council at Madras and been refused, has resigned the service.
He was originally posted to Fort St. David, but was allowed to
remain at Madras in charge of the sea- and land-customs for the
sake of his private trade. The Madras Council was appointed
before Percival came down from Bengal in January, and he made
no complaint till November; moreover he refuses to serve at Fort
St. David, which from a commercial point of view is far less
advantageous than Madras. Charles Boddam arrived and took his
seat in Council, January 17. Andrews reports from Ganjam that
upwards of 16,000 Rs. was extorted from him. That settlement
has produced constant expenditure for a trifling investment ; the
death of Nasir Jang has rendered redress impossible; so it has
been decided to withdraw the factory.
As the Bombay detachment had outstayed the period agreed
upon, and were continually murmuring, as well as being a con-
siderable expense, most of them have been sent back with their
Captain, Thomas Andrews, who has behaved very well. On Nasir
Jang's death an attack was feared ; on which the Company's
servants lent their horses for the formation of a small troop.
Sergeant Trussler, a well-behaved and gallant man, has been
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 123
promoted Ensign ; Lieutenant James Hocket of the Train has
on Robins' recommendation been promoted Captain-Lieutenant ;
Lieutenant John Hood has been promoted Captain-Lieutenant
in Sumatra, and will proceed thither by the first conveyance. Not
having men enough to form an Artillery company at Madras, nor
any to spare for Vizagapatam, request 100 able recruits for the
Artillery.
Fowke and Greenhaugh (' Church Wardens of the Parish of St.
Mary's Stepney ') request that the Company will collect from
Samuel Harrison 2,325 Pags. due to the church stock.
Have received into the Company's cash 550 Pags. on
account of William Petch's estate and 431 on account of Swinfen's.
It has proved impossible to balance the Madras books for 1746 for
lack of the books of the dependent factories. Appointed Starke,
Boddam, Westcott, Powney and Wynch a Committee to investigate
the Fort St. David accounts. The Accountant's annual report shows
that the expenditure of last year was materially reduced. In Nov-
ember 250 peons and 120 lascars were dismissed ; but the general
reduction then resolved on was stopped by the death of Nasir
Jang which has probably involved the province in lasting troubles.
Hoped to have had no more correspondence with Dupleix, but
it has been revived by complaints that Goodere wrote promising
to assist the Moors against Yanam and that Captain Dalton
had used improper expressions about the French. Goodere's letter
has been wrongly translated ; Dalton's letter was addressed to a
deserter named Keene, and could not have been noticed but by
one determined to wrangle. The French are attempting to estab-
lish themselves in the best places for trade, without the least
regard for their neighbours. They expect a ship from Mahe
with 300 Europeans ; and say 2,000 will come out on the next ships.
A ship left Pondichery for Mocha on January 30 ; another is
about to sail ; and 3 more are said to be. intended for France
with cargoes mostly of Bengal goods. A brigantine with men and
stores was sent lately to Masulipatam which they are said to be
going to fortify.
Supplement : The Britannia had sailed for Bengal before the
orders were received for her to proceed to Tellicherry. The
Swallow, just arrived from Sumatra, is proceeding to Bengal for
rice and will be despatched home in May, by which time there will
be a cargo of bleached cloth ready for her. She will land Charles
Hopkins at Masulipatam. Robins proposes to goon her to Bengal,
returning in March.
124 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Send a section separate from Consultations entitled ' Extra-
ordinary Occurrences,' containing matters which it was desired
to keep as private as possible. Dorrill's homeward adventure from
here is 730 Pags. The Norfolk has just arrived. The Severn's
Coromandel cargo is invoiced at 89,896 Pags. Diamonds, etc.,
registered, 112,566 Pags. Balance in cash 22,984 Star and 136
Madras Pags. Bills drawn on the Company for 2,247 Pags.;,
and certificates granted for 236 Pags.
Appended are: — (1) register of diamonds, etc.; (2) manifest
of Dorrill's private adventure (60 tubs of camphor valued at 730
Pags.); (3) sailing orders for the Severn; and (4) list of the packet.
DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
Fort St. David. February 24, 1751. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 8, pp. 84-90 {Copy 6 pp.)]
Now despatch the Norfolk- Robins has sailed on the Swallow
for Bengal and will return in April; Charles Hopkins also sailed
on her for Masulipatam and Divi Island. Shipping news. Desire
larger supplies of medicines, as the number of sick in hospital has
increased. A small quantity of damaged pepper has been sold
here at 54i Pags. the candy. Have about 600 bales of cloth which
will be bleached in time for the Swallow. Have sent to Vizaga-
patam and Ingeram 96,000 Rs. and 10,000 Pags. ; will send more
pagodas shortly.
Have already reported the death of Nasir Jang and the steps
taken by the English on the best information that could be got
from the camp before Pondichery. The rebels, who had been
bribed by the French, were at first pleased; but when they saw
Pondichery the metropolis of the province, all things determined
by the French, most of the treasure and jewels taken by them, and
several large districts to be granted to them, there was great
discontent which (it was whispered) would break out as soon as
Muzaffar Jang left the province. He therefore took a French
escort with him. The English Vakil at Arcot writes that when he
reached Rayachuti (5 days' march from Arcot and in the dominions
of the Nawab of Cuddapah), the latter and the Nawab of Kurnool
complained that Muzaffar Jang was exposing their countries to be
plundered by the Marathas, in marching through it contrary to his
promise ; seized some French horse ; and stopped the French
ammunition. A battle ensued in which Muzaffar Jang and part of
the French were killed on one side, and on the other the Nawabs
of Kurnool and Sirpi. After this Nizam Ali Khan (Nasir Jang's
CALENDAR FOR 1750 175! 125
brother) was proclaimed Subahdar and is proceeding by slow
marches to Golconda. The friends of the Cuddapah and Kurnool
Nawabs are said to be collecting forces to oppose him. Do not
know what the issue of this may be. Nizam Ali is a youth of 18,
and has several of the French party near him. The destruction of
the whole of Nizam-ul-mulk's family might be welcome at Delhi.
Muhammad Ali Khan, who is safe at Trichinopoly, has been
advised to push his interest at Delhi and to collect troops to oppose
his enemies. The English measures have at least prevented the
province from falling entirely under French control. Could the
Country Governments settle their own affairs, peace might be
hoped for ; but that is impossible. The French are resolved to
seize whatever parts of the province they desire, without regard to
the laws of nations. They persist in supporting Chunda Sahib as
Nawab of Arcot, and will probably insist on retaining all Muzaffar
Jang's grants. Our officer at Tanjore writes that one of our colours
has been pulled down and that the French declare it was done by
the country people. A ship's master from Masulipatam reports
that the French have turned the English factory there into a
hospital. It is said they have hoisted their colours at Narsapur
(near Madapollam) and claim exclusive rights of trade in the river
there. After Nasir Jang's death, by a grant of Muzaffar Jang,
they planted their flags all along the English bounds. Have
protested against these actions to Dupleix.
At Madras the Betel and Tobacco farm has been let for one
year at 4,000 Pags., the Measuring Duty at 1,000, and the Town
Brokerage at 700. On February 3, Thomas Eyre (late of Council
at Madras) died there. Send translations of the several farmans at
Madras and Fort St. David; but many at the former place were lost
when the Town was taken. The saltpetre sent from Bengal by the
Norfolk is 8 candies short ; the Captain alleges the bags were so bad
that they broke as they were being stowed away. A French ship
sailed recently for Europe with 310 bales of cloth, 60 tons of pepper
and 20 of redwood. The present ship's cargo is invoiced at 69,960
Pags. ; diamonds, etc., registered 1,03,848 Pags. ; bills drawn on the
Company for 1,048 Pags.; and certificates granted for 5,121 Pags.
Appended are: — (i) register of diamonds; (2) manifest of
private trade ; (3) sailing orders for the Norfolk; (4) list of the
Company's revenues at Fort St. David, Fixed 5,700 Pags., Variable
18,402 Pags.; at Devikottai, 6,000 Pags.; at Tiruvendipuram 8,000
Pags.; and at Fort St. George 47,200 Pags.; and (5) list of the
packet.
126 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. November 28, 1750. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 54, pp. 21-30 {Original 10 pp.)]
Cite despatch of March 22. Acknowledge the receipt of des-
patches of May II, August 30, October 9 and 18, and November 2,
1749. Have taken up 15 ships for this season, of which 4 will
call at Fort St. David on their way to China and 5 are destined
for the Coast and Bay. The Company's ship Dragon has been
lengthened to a burden of 350 tons, and is also destined for the
Coast and Bay. The Committee of Secrecy named. The Dragon
will bring 60 chests of bullion for Bengal to be coined without
delay at Fort St. David ; no part of this is to be detained on the
Coast, as was done in the case of the Lapwing's silver ' by a mean,
pitiful evasion of our orders.' The Dragon is to be despatched
homeward early with a cargo of fine goods, calling at Fort St.
David for despatches with a full account of all transactions on
the Coast. When the China ships have landed their Fort St. David
consignments of bullion, etc., they should be despatched at once
for Canton. The China supercargoes named. Cargoes should be
put aboard the China ships if it can be done without loss of time.
Captains Mason (of the Dodington) and Lindsay (of the Pelham)
having deceived the people at Quedda, the China ships are not to
touch there unless their resentment is subsided. A full report of
* this affair is to be made to the supercargoes of the China ships.
The Warwick will bring 30 chests of bullion, 150 pipes of Madeira
for the Coast, and other goods. She is to be despatched to Bengal
with all the treasure that can be spared. The remaining Coast
and Bay ships will sail in mid-January with valuable consign-
ments at least equal to those of last year. The ships of this season
carry only half their kintledge in iron ; the other half must be made
up in saltpetre, 40 tons on each ship. Trust that in the next
season not only the ships remaining over from former years but
also all or most of the ships sent out this season may be sent
home. To facilitate this, Bengal has been ordered to send down
a sufficient stock of saltpetre with which t^e cargoes may be
completed, and Bombay has been ordered to send to the Coast what
surplus pepper can be got, if it is not too dear. If any ship has to
be detained in India, it should be the Wager. The Scarborough
should be sent home in the season of her arrival. Stores, etc., for
Sumatra. Any shortage of delivery should be endorsed on the
bills of lading to facilitate the settlement of accounts with the
Commanders of the Company's, and the owners of chartered ships.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 127
No more silver is to be kept on the Coast than what is absolutely
needed ; all the rest is to be coined and sent to Bengal ; estimates
of the Coast requirements are to be made from time to time and
sent home. The stowage, etc., of the Madeira is to be carefully
surveyed, and the Commander must make good anything beyond
the normal leakage, unless he can give good reason to the con-
trary. He and his ship's company are allowed 20 pipes on their
privilege. Licensed silver, coral, emeralds, pearls, bugles, etc ,
overcarried beyond the port of their consignment, are to be returned
thither without extra charge at owner's risk. Expect to send 60
recruits for India on each ship. Richard Grindall, appointed a
Surgeon at Fort St. David, has changed his mind and will not sail.
Peter de Wendler, who sails in this season's shipping, is to succeed
to the first vacancy, as Surgeon at Fort St. David, next after the
appointments already made. Send a list of the investment.
Appoint as writers : — Charles Simpson, George Stratton, Richard
Brickenden, Philip Francis Greenslate, George Dawson, Marma-
duke Best, and Matthew Clarke. Send 10 tons of Russian iron
as an experiment. Ship owners have complained of the exorbitant
prices which their Commanders have had to pay for provisions,
owing to the monopolies allowed unjustly by Floyer, etc. (as in
the case of Dencker the butcher); Commanders are to have free
liberty to buy stores, etc., from any person they please. The
Company's ships have usually been supplied with stores, etc., out
of the Company's stock ; in future advances are to be made in
cash, out of which supplies of all kinds from the Company's ware-
houses must be paid for so that the exact cost of each voyage may
be ascertained. Licensed silver, etc., landed at Fort St. David
may be sent to Madras without further charge or duty at owner's
risk. Send a bale containing 10 pieces of superfine shalloon,
54 inches wide, of 5 different colours, as an experiment.
Despatch from the Compamy to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. January 23, 175 1. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 54, pp. 33-54 {Original 22 pp.)]
Cite despatch of November 28, 1750. No opportunity must be
lost of in sending advices home, especially as affairs are in such
confusion. The 4 ships now about to sail will only call at Fort St.
David to get their bullion coined for Bengal. Bengal to be informed
as early as possible of the tonnage that can be provided on the
Coast. Boscawen's expedition having necessitated the sending of
128 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
numerous ships as transports, so that ships subsequently sent have
had to be detained, require as many ships as possible to be returned.
Cargoes may be made up with redwood of the sort sent to China,
turmeric, lac and other ' gruff goods.' Measures to be concerted
with Bengal to assist Sumatra to send home the Onslow with a full
cargo. If any ships must be detained, they should be let out
on freight, which is practicable now that the chief traders have
returned to Madras. Hear that a Company is being formed at
Emden, under Prussian patronage, to trade to India ; no encroach_
ment on English privileges is to be suffered, and no assistance to be
afforded by those living under English protection. For some years
projects have been on foot to revenge the seizure by the Moghals of
the Ostend ships in the Hugli. Hitherto have been able to check
these plans ; but now have reason to believe that James Mill, a
Colonel in the Austrian service, and Captain John Acton, who
commands the 3 ships that were stopped 4 years ago, are about
to attempt to slip away to India. They are at present in the
Adriatic with considerable forces on board. The Country Govern-
ment is to be warned, and informed that though the expedition is
commanded and partly navigated by Englishmen, the nation in
general and the Company in particular disclaim and condemn their
project. All means are to be used to distress them and hinder
their design.
Have been unable to recover anything from the Duke of
Cumberland which was wrecked near Cape Verde in January 1750.
Commanders have been remiss in registering their private trade,
especially at Fort St. David ; they must be made to do so on oath.
Are much concerned at the heavy losses in the storm of April
1749; it was fortunate the ships had few goods on board. Dis-
approve of Floyer's taking it upon himself to order a sloop for
Sumatra to be built at Bombay ; the Council should have been
consulted. Approve the sending of the weakest ships home in
the fairest season. Considering ' the distracted condition ' of the
crew of the Fort St. George, think it was imprudent to send her to
Madagascar for slaves. Approve the purchase of the guns saved
out of the Winchelsea and Lincoln, and the allowance made to the
officers of those ships. Cite the case of the Exeter's bill of lading
endorsed ' contents received ' although her cargoes of grain from
Bengal were deficient. The endorsement prevented any recovery
being made from her owners. Time-expired soldiers must not be
sent home as charterparty passengers, which costs the Company
£10 a head ; they must either work or pay for their passage.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 129
All the silver sent on the present ships is to be forwarded in
rupees to Bengal. In the case of the Lapwing, which had 80 chests of
bullion, only 80 chests of Arcot rupees were sent on; so that in effect
upwards of 10 chests of Arcot rupees were improperly detained, in
spite of the most explicit orders. Cannot accept, for lack of proper
estimates, the excuses offered per Royal George for not having sent
more silver to Bengal. 269 chests were detained out of a total of
629. The sale of all the broadcloth to Linga Chetti at 30% was
quite contrary to last year's orders which are to be obeyed. The
Russian iron is to be sold separately. Stores for Sumatra. Any
surplus stock at Ca;iton this year is to be invested in gold and sent
to Fort St. David.
Renewed complaints of carelessness in contracting Avith the
merchants for the investment. Only one Consultation was held
regarding the investment of 1749, and then prices were raised
considerably on the general ground that the merchants could not
supply at cheaper rates, without even enquiring whether other
merchants would offer better terms. In order to assist the provision
of more tonnage, cloth of inferior quality may be accepted (at pro-
portionately lower prices) provided it is of the usual' lengths and
breadths. Orders regarding subordinate factories must be com-
municated in full, not by abstracts only. As the persons indebted
to the Company in 1746 have returned to Madras, attempts must be
made to recover their debts. Trust that the balances due from the
merchants who provided the 1748 investment have long since been
recovered.
Consider the capture of Devikottai a rash and unjust enterprise,
concerted without authority and contrary to the Company's interests.
It has been the Company's constant policy to maintain a good
understanding with the Country powers. The people of Tanjore
had always been friendly ; and the claims of Shahji were no
business of the English. Moreover, even if they were just claims,
the project promised no advantage to the Company's commerce.
Devikottai is likely to be a source of expense rather than of profit ;
and its seizure will incite the Marathas against the English. In
any event, it was the highest presumption in Floyer, Prince and
Lawrence to advance money to Shahji and plan the expedition,
without the consent of the other councillors, who knew nothing of
it till the troops were 10 miles on their way. Had they been con-
sulted, it would have been condemned by a majority, for Croke and
Westcott disapproved it altogether, while Holt and Wynch only
concurred as matters had gone so far. Croke reports that his
17
130 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
minute against the expedition was not allowed to be read or entered
on the Consultations — another instance of the extraordinary conduct
of Floyer, Prince and Lawrence. However as affairs stand,
Devikottai must be maintained as cheaply as prudence will allow,
and its commerce (' which is our true interest ') must be fostered.
At the same time good relations must be re-established with
Tanjore.
The part taken by the Council in consequence of Nizam-ul-
mulk's death appears very different, for they avoided interference
beyond what circumstances demanded. Particularly approve the
occupation of St. Thome and the assistance afforded to Muhammad
Ali Khan, who, it is hoped, will show himself grateful if he ever
becomes Nawab. However no part is to be taken in Country
Government disputes unless the Company's interest absolutely
requires it. Approve of the allowance made to Haji Hadi, though
it is large, as it is evidently necessary to get reports from such
a person while the country is so unsettled. But the allowance
should only continue so long as may be necessary. Approve the
disallowance of the Madras Poligar's claim to a perpetual right to
that post ; no such claims can be tolerated.
Cannot give directions regarding fortifications till Robins's
report has been received. As the French, contrary to the Treaty,
carried away all the cannon from Madras, approve the obtaining
cannon and ammunition from Boscawen. It was proper to suspend
the duties at Madras for six months ; but it is said that considerable
sums were extorted by some of the Company's servants for liberty
to return there; a particular enquiry is to be made, and any such
sums are to be refunded to the persons injured. If possible enough
revenue must be raised at Devikottai to cover the expenses of that
place. Although the English ambassador at Paris has demanded
the restitution of the military stores, etc., carried away by the
French from Madras contrary to the 9th article of the Treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, the French are evading the demand with their
usual chicanery. As the French at Pondichery have done all in
their power to distress the English, and are likely to continue doing
so, the Council must be constantly on guard against them, and
furnish such exact and authentic narratives of the French proceed-
ings as may warrant applications for redress in case of any
violations of the Treaty. Will decide about Wynch's house when
Robins has reported on it. Boscawen has permitted the Company
to take copies of his plan relating to its affairs. In a letter dated
February 10, 1750, Fathers Severini and Bernard complain that
CALENDAR FOR I750-J75I 131
they have been dispossessed of their houses and churches, which are
to be given to the Danish Lutheran Missionaries, and that they
have been turned out of the White Town. Await further des-
patches before passing orders on this, as also regarding the
confiscation of the houses of those who remained at Madras under
the protection of the French. In Europe in such cases it is usual
to allow people to retain their property unless they have taken an
overt part against their first masters.
Appoint as writers : — James Bourchier, Peter St. Paul, Henry
Brooke, John Casey, William Lefevre, John Calland, Thomas
Mansell, and Henry Eustace Johnstone. The first two who are at
Fort St. David are to serve as writers for 5 years from the arrival
of this despatch. St. Paul's appointment is on condition that he is
not a Roman Catholic. All the above except St. Paul (who has
already been vouched for by the Council) have produced certificate
that they are full 16 years old and have undergone a regular
course of arithmetic and book-keeping. This is a rule which will be
followed in future appointments. All the Company's servants
must be encouraged to learn the Country languages ; advise a fre-
quent shifting of posts so that they may acquire a general know-
ledge of the Company's business. Have permitted to reside in
India as free merchants : — William Tidcombe, Solomon Nathan,
Ralph Wardlaw, Nathaniel Wilson, and Francis Fowke (late a
factor at Bombay). Permit Ralph Taylor to go to India, and Peter
Gallopine to remain there, as mariners. Covenanted servants who
have not yet given proper security, must write immediately to their
friends to do so. Have granted Holt a pension of £30 a year for
so long as he is unable to transact any business. A list of all un-
licensed persons under the Presidency of Fort St. David is to be
sent home, showing the time of their arrival and the ship they went
out on. Approve of Fordyce's suspension. Confirm the appoint-
ment of Robert Palk as Chaplain ; but Swinfen, who was appointed
by the Company, is to have precedence over him.
Regarding the money transactions at Madras in 1746, Morse
was no doubt best able to give information ; but other persons
should have been examined too, especially when Morse showed
himself indisposed to reveal anything. The Council's enquiries
were languid and indifferent. As Morse has not yet arrived, the
Company knows no more about the Madras affair than when it first
ordered the enquiry to be made. Morse's conduct renders it doubt-
ful whether he will give the Company the information needed ; and
the enquiry is to be proceeded with according to former orders.
132 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
When Robins has reported upon Madras and Fort St. David,
will then decide which shall be the seat of the Presidency. Mean-
while the merchants, etc., of Madras are to be encouraged, as it very
probably will be restored to its former position. Complain that
Consultations have been sent home unindexed. The date of each
Consultation should always be recited in the next. Exact lists of
all residents at the subordinate factories should be sent home
annually. Discrepancy between a diamond register and the bill of
lading. One Kuddam Narayanan of Fort St. David complains
that Mutyalu has been keeping him wrongfully out of a piece of
garden-ground in spite of frequent applications to the Council ; an
enquiry to be made and Mutyalu obliged to make full satisfaction
if necessary.
The Naval Commissioners for the sick and wounded have
refused * to pass £756 in Belsches' accounts between August I, 1748,
and September 30, 1749- This amount is to be deposited by Belsches
in the Company's Cash until he shall have furnished such vouchers
as may enable the Company to recover the stoppages.
The extra allowance of 20 Pags. a month to Pybus as Military
Storekeeper makes it appear that ' you . . . look upon yourselves
rather as a military colony than the factors and agents of a body
of merchants'. Covenanted servants are bound to fulfil the duties
of their employments with the usual allowances. No extraordinary
allowances to be made in future without the Company's sanction.
The Military Storekeeper may receive a monthly allowance of 10
Pags. for the extra trouble of the post. The 2 clerks on 10 Pags.
a month each are to be replaced by 2 of the Company's writers
without extra allowances. Mrs. Antonia de Madeiros and Shawmier
Sultan may be assured that, as soon as the Company is satisfied of
the justice of their claims for money lent on bond to Morse, etc., at
Madras, they shall be paid. On February 10, 1747, James Munro
was permitted to go to India to be employed as Surgeon at one of
the Presidencies ; but this was not inserted in the Company's des-
patches. Now direct that he shall succeed according to the date
of his appointment.
Are much disappointed that only 500 of the King's troops joined
the Company's service, and that by means which involved estab-
lishing 4 companies in excess of the Regulations. Believe this
was inevitable in the circumstances; but the II companies are
* The remarks of the Commissioners form pp. 139 — 142 of Vol. 54 of Public Des-
patches from England.
CALENDAR FOR 1750-1751 133
to be reduced to 7 as occasion offers. Send 275 good recruits.
To encourage the re-enlistment of time-expired soldiers, a bounty
of £10 may be offered for five years' additional service. None of
the recruits for Bengal are to be detained ; indeed ' we hope you
will be able to spare some of yours.' A certain number of topasses
may be retained if really necessary, but they should not be paid
full European rates. Repeat positively the orders for breaking the
Troop of horse, ' as we are determined to have our commands
obeyed.' Approve the commission given to Dumarchais in the
Train. It is reported that there have been abuses in paying the
Military and others, whereby discontent has arisen ; order an
enquiry ; any guilty persons must refund their wrongful gains and
be suspended. Among others compelled to pay for re-admission to
Madras, Bukanji Kasidas is said to have paid 3,000 Pags.
Positively order a strict enquiry. Robert Trotter, James Taylor,
and Augustus Burton allowed to reside in India as free merchants.
Direct the payment of all arrears of interest at 6% due on the
sum of 6,000 Pags. paid into the Company's Cash by Father
Severini on account of a hospital for female orphans.
Despatch from the Company to Benjamin Robins. East
India House. January 23, 175 1. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 54, pp. 57-58 {Original 2 pp.)]
Received Robins' plans of the wrecked Duke of Cumberland, with
his report on her, dated March 5, 1750. Failure of the salvage
operations. Await his reports, not only on the fortifications and
Artillery corps, but also on the general defence and military estab-
lishments in India. Desire him to advise the Company's agents
in India how to make gunpowder better and cheaper than at
present.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.
East India House. February 6, 1751. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 54, p. 61 {Copy I p.)]
Have enquired into the conduct of Captain Mason of the
Dodington and Captain Lindsay of the Pelham at Quedda. Finding
that they committed hostile acts without sufficient reason, have
inflicted exemplary punishment upon them. As Mason's mis-
conduct was principally caused by the indecent and disorderly
behaviour of Simon Loake, supercargo of the Mary schooner of
Calcutta, have ordered the latter to be sent to England. This
134 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
action is to be communicated to the King of Quedda with a view to
re-establishing good relations.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. MARCH 13, 1751. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 54, PP- 63-64 (Copy lV2 pp.)]
Acknowledge the receipt of despatch dated September 26, 1750,
and a letter from Robins of September 25. Robins' report has
strengthened the Company's opinion that Madras is the best seat
for the Presidency. Shall finally decide on receipt of the earlier
despatches not yet come to hand. Meanwhile the trade of Madras
is to be encouraged and Robins may throw up such works as
are needed for immediate defence. Approve Robins' engaging
Achilles Preston, ' a youth who was on board the Grantham,' vice
Carrington deceased. Also approve the engagement of Brohier.
Despatch from the Company to Benjamin Robins. East
INDIA HOUSE. MARCH 13, 175 1. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 54, p. 67 {Original I p.)]
As in the preceding despatch regarding Madras, Achilles
Preston, and Brohier. Approve the alterations in the defences of
Fort St. David, especially as the cost seems very moderate.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1 751-1752.
abstract of despatch from thomas saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. David. August 6, 1751.
RECEIVED FEBRUARY 16, 1752. [Coast and Bay abstracts.
Letters Received, Vol. 5, pp. 283 — 288. {India Office transcript.)]
Cite despatch of February 24. Acknowledge the receipt on
May 9 of despatch, dated November 28, 1750. Movements of the
Bay and China shipping. The Kent, London, Shaftesbury and
Sivallow are the only ships of last year still in India. The
Warwick was freighted for private voyage to China ; the Hardwicke
ditto between Coast and Bay; and the Scarborough, if Bengal
agrees to it, to Mocha. Desire that Council may have its
choosing of vessels to be employed in country trade. Commanders
are given a free hand in the purchase of provisions. Foreign
ships will be obstructed in their pernicious schemes.
' Cargoes of the ships landed at Fort St. George on account of
dispatch and warehouse room.' ' Russia iron sold well and shal-
loons except blue sort which went under prime cost. A small
quantity of the latter will be sufficient, the country not being
inclined to it. Iron being in demand, have indented largely.'
Will not detain Bengal treasure unless absolutely necessary.
'What sent last year insufficient for them and apprehend the
Company will suffer from its being so this. The beginning of the
year could not advance the merchants, and should goods offer
they will be streightened for cash.' As silver is at a low price,
can only buy gold at the current rate. ' Coffrees make good
soldiers. They are dreaded by the Moors. Desire an outward
bound ship may be orderd to bring some men-slaves.' ' Goods
for the China market bought up by Macao ships in February ; so
not procurable. Silver from its cheapness will answer as well.'
Cloth will be put up for sale as directed, notwithstanding mer-
chants ' protest.
'On making a new contract, urged the merchants to an abate-
ment in price and better sortment from last year's advance; the
badness of and difficiency in quantity of the goods, with the small
investment of the French and cheapness of cotton which brought
136 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
them to a deduction of one pagoda per corge in the ordinary long-
cloth and half pagoda in the sallampores, then cotton at 30 and
French took little cloth ; they have since contracted, cotton being
at 42 Pags., and have allowed the merchants 2 Pags. a corge
more which will greatly affect them.' 'Were the present sub-
stantial merchants to be laid aside, it would be their ruin and their
ballances difficult to be recovered, but if any one of known
substance offers he shall be accepted.' ' In May last agreed to
take in the best of a considerable parcel of cloth turnd out, though
somewhat wanting in length and breadth. The Company have
since granted this liberty which may in time prejudice the manu-
facture. The French and Danes snatch it up. It is for the
Company's advantage to take it with an allowance for defects .'
'Want of gold checks investment. Merchants are advanced in
rupees to the Company's loss. With the greatest difficulty have
procured Madras Pagodas for Northern settlements.' ' Vizagapatam
promises a good quantity of cloth and business goes on well at
Ingeram .' ' Mr. Andrews is ordered to quit Ganjam on the Govern-
ment's badness (French investing at Narsapur). He is orderd to
Maddapollam and remitted 10,000 Pags., but not to go to the
expence of a factory till certain of succeeding.'
' Since their last have compleated the mines and gallerys,
cleand the ditch and erected a saluting battery ; not having
workmen or materials, the hospital and officers' lodgings are post-
poned.' ' Mr. Wynch's house — for the distance is judgd not to
be the least inconvenient.' ' Mr. Robins who has been in a
desperate way is now, it is hoped by the doctor, recovering. They
believe he has projected the works for Bengal. When recovered
he will go to Madrass and thence to Bengal.' 'Cuddam Narrain's
affair of the garden alledged to be bought by him was paid for
by the other who has a bill of sale of it. This matter adjusted by
the Deputy Governors Hubbard and Monson long ago.' ' Bocunjee
has been wrote to at Golcondah about the money said to be
extorted from him. Shall enquire into and redress any injustice
that has been done the natives.'
'Messieurs Simpson, Greenslate, Stratton, Dawson, Best, Clarke,
and Calland arrivd; and James Bourchier and St. Paul (a Protest-
ant) entertaind writers. Monthly writers shall be discharged.
Ralph Taylor permitted to stay in the sea-faring way arrived.'
' Mr. Pybus (Military Storekeeper). His allowance reduced to
10 Pags. a month.' ' Thankful for the supply of military. Those
designd for Bengal will be detained till the troubles are over.
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 137
They are paid to according to Regulations and no frauds used.
The Troop shall be disbanded, and no new companys formed. A
bounty of Rs. 40 will be sufficient to induce them to relist.' 'Mr.
James Munro Surgeon is by choice at Vizagapatam. Andrew
Munro and Robert Turing their head surgeons agreeable. Mr.
Wilson at Fort St. David and Mr. Hancock at Devecottah. Hope
he will be approved, he being experienced and they wanting such
a one.' ' Persons residing without license under them shall be
advised of. ' ' Mr. Foss Westcott appointed Resident at Ingeram.'
1 Mr. Robert Goodere being ill, permitted to go to Bengal to return
in January; the charge of Vizagapatam thereupon committed to
Messrs. Churchey and Banks.' ' Mr. Hugh Norris for the recovery
of his health by the sea air had leave go to China on the Warwick
and return in December.' ' Mr. Charles Turner on the like occasion
at Madrass.' ' Mr. John Barker dyed at Madrass 24th ultimo.'
1 Mr. William Reade disorderd in his senses returns on this ship.'
1 Mr. Richard Fairfield, Sub-Accountant, appointed to close the
Madrass books ending April 1746 (Mr. Hopkins being sent to the
Northward). He is allowd £100 a year for that trusty and labo-
rious employ till the Company's pleasure is known.' ' Mr. Henry
Vansittart granted £30 per annum as Translator. He has taken
great pains in translating the pieces received from Pondicherry.'
'Found their mistake as to diamonds registerd that they should
be to Joseph Solomons.' ' Have paid the interest due to Padre
Severini. On Mrs. Medeiros' application she was told, as well as
others, they must wait till the affair was settled at home.' ' Mr.
Pigot appointed Commissary for Accounts of Country Government
and detachments abroad.' ' Madras General books for 1745 will
be sent in September but imperfect, the import and export ware-
house books being missing. Several of the accounts from April
1746 to September cannot be found.' ' Send the Committee's report
on the late Council's accounts. Can't at this distance of time
prove any frauds, but the expences ran exhorbitantly high, and
the articles charged excessively dear.'
Sumatra affairs.
' The want of the regular forms of justice is of great incon-
venience.'
' Captain Speke of the Swallow drew on them loth October last
from Batavia for 749 Pags.' ' Vigilant and Ruby sailed from
Tellicherry for Madagascar, 29th April.' ' Hear the Tartar has lost
her passage to Persia.' ' Mr. Belsches' bond to be responsible as
to accounts sick and hurt formerly sent.'
18
138 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Supplement : Acknowledge the receipt of despatch, dated
February 6, per Duke of Dorset. ' The Duke of Parma, Le Rochelle
and Le Saint Priest, French ships, arrived at Pondicherry and
Tevenapatam from the Islands. They landed 160 chests treasure,
240 men and 450 bales broadcloth. They have sent a ship to the
Islands with 450 bales piece-goods.' 'Two ships arrived from
Tranquebar are to be sent home in September.' 'A Dutch ship at
Negapatam from Batavia says a large reinforcement is on board
this year's shipping.' ' A Portuguese ship with 40 military arrived
in her way to Bengal where it is said they will re-establish their
settlement.' ' The King of Quedah shall be acquainted with the
resentment shown the Captains who behaved ill there. Simon
Loake ran away from his vessel having shot Mr. Noke, the other
supracargo. If he comes to the Coast he shall be sent home per
orders.' ' All their advices have shown business cannot be
regularly carried on till Madras is appointed the Presidency.'
'Captain Lieutenant Hocket, a turbulent and disobedient officer
of the Train broke at the instance of Mr. Robins, takes passage on
the Swallow.' ' John Francis Vareilles, able in his profession and
recommended by Mr. Robins has a Captain's brevet granted him.'
'Mr. Robert Clive promoted to the rank of Captain by brevet
without pay, in reward of his particular services. He was senior
Lieutenant on his re-entering the civil list.' The invoice of this
ship amounts to 62,773 Pags. ; diamonds, etc., registered, 49,246
Pags. ; and Captains' private trade, 8,064 Rs. The cash balance is
8,816 Pags.
' Postscript, dated 15th August, 1751. The Swallow detained by
being run aboard of by a Dutch ship going out of the road in the
night. Obliged the Dutchman to make good the damage.' Bills
on the Company for 1,132 Pags.
SEPARATE DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE
Company. Fort St. David. August 15, 1751- [Public
Despatches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 8-21 {Copy 14 pp.). Damaged.
Also Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II, pp. 347~364- (India
Office transcript.)]
Soon after the elevation of Nizam Ali as Subahdar of the
Deccan, he gave up the command of the army to his elder brother
Sayyid Muhammad Khan alias Salabat Khan. They then marched
with the French (of whom only 60 had been killed) to Golconda,
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 139
whence the French refused to move till they had been paid four
lakhs of rupees. This was done ; warlike stores were procured from
Masulipatam; and they then marched to Aurangabad, where they
still are, having met with no opposition. Nasir Jang's wife and
mother sought to move the Marathas to establish his son in the
Government; but these made friends with Salabat Jang, and
hearing that the Guzaratties under Damaji had invaded their
country, cut off the Government of Aurangabad, extorted 15 lakhs
of rupees, and went home. The Moghal on hearing of Nasir
Jang's murder is said to have appointed Ghazi-ud-din Subahdar
of the Deccan ; the latter marched some stages south, but then
named Salabat Jang as his Deputy. It is believed that there is
great discontent among the nobles in the Deccan ; the country is
in confusion ; and no troops have been sent this way.
Have received from Muhammad Ali a copy of the farman from
the Moghal appointing him Nawab of Arcot, and of a letter from
Ghazi-ud-din. The French gave out the same about Chunda
Sahib. The latter remained in Pondichery till the middle of
March, when he set out, took Chetpattu by treachery and Ami;
on which Murtaza Ali Khan submitted to him. He then moved to
Arcot and thence towards Trichinopoly. On Chunda Sahib's
leaving Pondichery, 400 men under Captain de Gingens marched
out and camped at Tiruvendipuram and then at Tiruviti.
Muhammad Ali was urged to join the English in the field ; he
agreed to pay all the field-charges of the troops. The English
took Vriddhachalam which was garrisoned with a sergeant and 30
men, and then joined Muhammad Ali at Valikondapuram. In spite
of the recruits received from England, the English had not as
many Europeans in the field as the French had ; but the prospect
seemed fair, and de Gingens was urged to come to an engagement.
The Killedar of Valikondapuram declared himself a friend of
Muhammad Ali ; but he refused to admit troops into his garrison ;
and intercepted letters proved him to be an enemy. Accordingly
the pettah was burnt and the Killedar summoned to surrender ; but
the French contrived to throw a relief of Europeans and cannon
into the place about 10 o'clock next morning. A short action
ensued, in which the Nawab's people and the coffrees behaved well
and our people ill. We lost Ensign Harper and only 7 or 8 men ;
the enemy's loss is said to be heavier. But the unlucky action
encouraged their people and depressed ours ; and that night de
Gingens thought fit to retire to Uttatur, 20 miles nearer Trichinopoly,
abandoning some shells and baggage. The enemy followed and
140 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
camped about 5 miles off. In a reconnaissance Lieutenant
Maskelyne, some sepoys and 2 or 3 troopers were taken prisoners.
Maskelyne has since been released on his parole. A few days later
our advanced guard under Captain Dalton was attacked but drove
back the enemy with considerable loss. 'Still conquering, still
retreating, our Army decamped from Uttatur that night, abandon-
ing part of its baggage, and crossed the Coleroon by boat (it not
being fordable at that time), and then crossed the Cauvery.
De Gingens reports that he withdrew for fear of the enemy's cutting
his communication with Trichinopoly. At present they have
about 2,000 sepoys in Srirangam, 3 or 4 miles from our camp, but
their main body is on the banks of Coleroon, having been as yet
unable to cross.
These successive retreats have alarmed Muhammad Ali,discour-
aged his friends, and hindered many from declaring for him.
Have a mortgage bond for Trichinopoly, dated July 15, 1750, and
have hoisted our flags there ; so shall protest against Dupleix
for any hostilities that may be committed there. The Fort is
known to be strong ; we have over 900 regular troops in the field,
and the French but 600, including 200 seamen ; so it has been
resolved to leave 3 or 400 to defend the Fort, and according to
the Nawab's desire make a diversion in the Arcot country with
the rest, joined with the Nawab's forces, with a view to raising
contributions.
At the beginning of February, Charles Hopkins was appointed
to proceed to Divi Island, support our claim to it, and demand our
factory at Masulipatam. He arrived on February 20, but La Selle
and a few French seized him, obliged him to strike his colours,
and carried him under guard to Masulipatam, where Friell (the
Chief) refused leave for him to proceed to Madapollam. In answer
to a previous protest Dupleix announced his willingness to
surrender the English factory at Masulipatam pending the receipt
of orders from Europe ; but has made no reply to the main points
of a serious remonstrance regarding the treatment of Hopkins. In
the Narsapur river they are demanding 3% customs from
Europeans, and 5% from all others, importing goods ; but by
the Moghal's farman the English are allowed to trade free
of customs in all settlements. The French have pulled down
English flags in the Kumbakonam district of Tanjore, claiming
country which the King declares he never made over to them. As
Dupleix disregards ' the laws that are held sacred by all nations, '
do not suppose he will recognize the English claim to Trichinopoly.
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 141
The Dutch still do nothing, though threatened with the destruction
of their trade.
The French scheme evidently is to occupy all convenient settle-
ments and territories and ruin our trade ; even should Chunda
Sahib be defeated and all his family be cut off, they would at once
set up some one else. Their frequent successes have given them
reputation in India and will probably secure support from Europe.
'The weakness of the Moors is now known, and 'tis certain any
European nation resolved to war on them with a tolerable force
may overrun the whole country.' The French now have 2,000 men
and the Company must resolve to maintain a force equal to theirs
or to settle affairs in Europe. The French occupation of territory
surrounding ours shows an intention to annoy us, and their claim
to levy duties where we have factories and a free trade is ' illegal.'
Hitherto have kept only a 'command' at Devikottai ; but as
the Company approves its retention, shall now send a covenanted
servant there, and endeavour to procure cloth from Shiyali, not far
off, where good cloth is made. Have considered it advisable to
continue the allowance of Rs. 300 a month granted to the pretended
King of Tanjore, until his affairs can be settled so as not to reflect
upon the English. Haji Hadi has deceived us in spite of his
handsome allowance ; as he knows all the English affairs, it will
not be safe to dismiss him at present, but will do so as soon as
possible.
St. Thome is important. Its possession by another power would
injure the English land customs and trade and afford a refuge for
deserters. It has for many years been under Muhammadan Gov-
ernment ; and the Portuguese have flown no flag there save what
the ecclesiastics have used on feast-days. As soon as this claim
was heard of, an officer with 60 men was sent there, and ' additions
made to a large building,' to prevent the place being surprised.
Have since received a letter and protest from Baron de Vellaroys,
sent by the Viceroy of Goa as Governor of St. Thome, and who is
at Pondichery concerting measures with Dupleix. The Country
powers are more likely than the Portuguese to attack St. Thome.
Await orders regarding the treatment of Roman Catholic priests,
etc. They assist French trade in peace and furnish information in
war. Advise that their houses be sold and the produce given to
them. The Portuguese Church [in the Fort at Madras] is a nuisance
and should not be restored to them, as there are plenty of churches
outside which they can use. No Frenchman, Portuguese, priest or
Armenian should be allowed to live in the Fort.
I42 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Robins died July 29. His judgment, assiduity and honesty
render the public loss great and his agreeable conduct causes him
to be generally lamented. Brohier succeeds him in charge of
the works, as he had managed them under Robins. Recommend
him as capable and honest ; he is a Lieutenant of Artillery
and desires preferment that way. Robins often spoke of
John Call as the most promising and talented of his Assistants ;
a map of Fort St. David drawn by him is sent herewith. For
economy's sake shall take off the Engineering Assistants' general
table and make each a diet allowance. Hope the Engineer that
will be sent out to succeed Robins may be as capable and
agreeable.
Have to report the mutinous behaviour of the officers. When
English troops first went out in the service of the Country powers,
they had ' a large gratification ' ; but after the grant of Poonamal-
lee and St. Thome, the matter was regulated by Lawrence on the
basis of giving double-pay to cover extraordinary expenses when
in the field. The troops at Tiruviti, Trichinopoly and Tanjore
were on this footing ; and ' the last command ' had been in camp
two months before Saunders received any remonstrance. The
officers seemed satisfied for a time with his answer ; but afterwards
it was repeated ' in positive and mutinous terms.' The Nawab was
always averse to paying this batta and is now distressed for
money ; yet he has been very generous, and in fact every officer
has gained handsomely since going into the field. Was unable to
try any of the officers because the paper was signed by all the
Captains, and two must sit to form a court-martial. ' Among the
many bad customs introduced by the King's troops,' is that of
refusing to roll with officers who refuse to take part in any plan ;
and many were coerced into signing the paper. Intend to send 2 or
3 of the ringleaders home in September. Hope to be supported in
this step as it proceeds from no personal feeling. There is news
from Tellicherry that the French are behaving in the same way on
the Malabar as on the Coromandel Coast ; they have taken the part
of the nephew of the King of Colastry and are building fortifica-
tions. Are in need of Artillery men and a Commanding officer of
experience, provided he is not of a turbulent disposition.
Postscript : Have just received a protest from the French
about a letter which they allege to have been written by Goodere,
but which Council declared to be spurious. Are sure the French
will be confined by no law but their convenience; shall obstruct
them as much as possible.
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 T43
despatch from thomas saunders, etc., to the company.
Fort St. David. September 30, 1751. Received May 10,
1752. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II, pp. 371 — 378.
(India Office transcript.)]
Wrote last by the Swallow. This goes by the Dragon. Ship-
ping news. The Hawke which was sent from Bengal to fetch
Robins reached Madras, the I2th. Complain that the Bengal Council
will not agree in any measure taken by Madras to let to freight any
Coast and Bay shipping. They have upset the contract to let the
Hardwicke for 40,000 Rs. and might have let the Scarborough for the
same sum. The Company ordered to be forwarded to Bengal what
could be spared out of the treasure from the Warwick, but a lack
of funds is anticipated before the end of the year. Have sent on
the treasure consigned to Bengal, and cannot understand why the
Bengal Council should regard the Warwick's treasure as consigned
to them. Desire that the consignments to each settlement may be
specifically stated. Received only 482 bags of rice by the Britannia.
The Salem merchants cannot bring in their cloth, as the enemy
lie in the way. Have ordered the purchase at a reduced price of
the large stock of cloth at Vizagapatam and Ingeram which though
short-measure is of good quality. Enclose Brohier's report on
the fortifications. On Robins' recommendation have granted to
Brohier and Call an additional allowance of 15 Pags. a month
each, together with 10 Pags. a month instead of keeping a general
table for them. Call and O'Hara are under Brohier. Glass and
Morris have Ensign's commissions. Preston assists in the Export
Warehouse. Knapton is at Ingeram. Captain Richards died
September 17, leaving no will. On September 4, Captain-Lieu-
tenant Murray deserted. Captain Killpatrick takes passage on the
Dragon. It being a sickly season at Vizagapatam, John Ringer
died on August 6, Munro on July 31, and John Churchey on
August 18. As the season is far advanced, cannot send a Chief
thither till January ; meanwhile have left Samuel Banks in charge
together with Captain John Crompton. James Wilson will be sent
from Madras to replace Munro. Joseph Fowke has resigned and
takes passage on the Dragon.
Sumatra affairs.
A Danish ship has sailed from Tranquebar ; and another will
follow. Being in troubles at Batavia, the Dutch have not yet
decided what to do on the Coast. Have heard nothing of foreign
ships. Forward Orme's reply to the Company's enquiries regard-
ing his conduct in Bengal. There being no room for Captain
144 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Killpatrick on the Dragon, he will take his passage on the Britannia.
Diamonds, etc., registered amount to 116,707 Pags. The cash
balance is 3,964 current and 722 Madras Pags.
Postscript: The bills drawn on the Company amount to 1,169
Pags.
Separate Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. David. September 30, 1751. [Public
Despatches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 22—25 (Copy 3% PP)- Defec-
tive. Also Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II, pp. 365 — 368.
{India Office transcript.)}
Have put in execution the design of making a diversion in the
Arcot country in order to draw off the enemy from Trichinopoly.
130 men under Captain Robert Clive embarked August 22 on the
Wager for Madras, where they were joined by 80 more. They
marched to Arcot, and (beyond expectation) occupied the Fort
without resistance. The Sarkar's and Muhammad Ali's flags have
been hoisted, and the inhabitants protected. Clive reports several
successful skirmishes with the enemy, but the smallness of his
forces and lack of horse prevent any decision. The Nawab has
appointed collectors of revenue, but nothing can be done till he
sends two or three thousand horse. Yesterday sent Lieutenant Innes
with 130 men up to Madras on the news that Chunda Sahib's son
with 2,000 horse, some French and sepoys, had marched from
Gingee.
At Trichinopoly Chunda Sahib has crossed the Coleroon and
taken Koyiladi though with considerable loss; he is now preparing
to cross the Cauveri. It is thought that he will not attempt to
besiege Trichinopoly, having enough of neither men nor stores, but
that he will blockade it. But it has 8 months' provisions, the rains
are setting in, and Chunda Sahib lacks money for his troops. If he
overcomes these difficulties, Muhammad Ali must make the best
terms he can, ' as ours and the Nabob's force are not able to face
them in the field. ' Our greatest disadvantages are the Nawab's
fear of the French and lack of money. Hope to remove the latter
in part by collecting some of the Arcot revenues. The King of
Tanjore is neuter ; but the King of Mysore is sending troops towards
Trichinopoly. Should Chunda Sahib be successful, both these
countries would be conquered. A letter was received a few days
since purporting to come from Salabat Jang, but was written in two
different hands and is believed spurious. The harkara admitted he
had come from Pondichery and had been obliged to bring it by
CALENDAR FOR 1751 1752 145
Dupleix. It demands the surrender of St. Thome, Poonamallee,
and Tiruvendipuram. Have heard nothing more of the French at
Aurangabad. It is generally believed none will return. The
French continue fortifiying Masulipatam and Divi Island. The
Dutch Chief who struck his colours at Masulipatam has been
summoned to Batavia. Goodere absolutely denies writing the letter
to the Nawab of Rajahmundry which Dupleix accused him of. Fear
the French may be too strong in spite of all efforts to defeat them.
Of the mutinous officers, determined to send home Captains Killpa-
trick and Richards, and Captain-Lieutenant Murray. But Richards
is dead and Murray deserted. Killpatrick will sail on the Britannia.
Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. October 24, 1751. Received May 10,
1752. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II, pp. 395—404.
(India Office transcript.)]
The Britannia arrived here on October 2. Have laded on her
bales which fell short of her charterparty by nearly 28 tons.
These three years, ships have been despatched late in October.
This has been unavoidable, and it is lucky that they have escaped
the usual monsoon storms. As ships can seldom arrive from Bengal
before the end of September, propose next year to keep one of the
Coast and Bay ships for the September despatch. Shipping news.
Request that red fir spars be sent instead of the white ones which,
through want of turpentine, dry, snap and decay in this climate.
Are in much need of muskets, military stores, etc. Send a cartridge
box of a more convenient pattern than those usually sent. Many
of the muskets received this year were poor. Though the cash
balance is low, no Bengal bullion has been detained. Formerly
large payments were paid into cash for bills ; but this has greatly
declined, and more bullion is needed. 'Our situation -from the
revolution in the Country Government and the measures of our
neighbours is troublesome,' and larger garrisons are needed. But
it is hoped that with the additional revenues, when the troubles
are over, expenses will be no more burdensome than formerly.
The investment has not yet suffered much from the troubles,
though the sortment here is not as good as it might be. A
suitable reduction of price will be made if the merchants will not
improve it. The Vizagapatam Council anticipates troubles from the
French and the Nawab, but Andrews at Madapollam thinks
differently. The Council believes that the French will attempt it.
Can promise a full ship in January. Will keep down the merchants'
19
146 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
balances. Captain deGingins reported, on October 16, that the
rains prevented Chunda Sahib and the French from advancing
nearer to Trichinopoly. They have erected two batteries which
are so distant from the Fort as to appear to be intended only to
defend their camp. Stores, etc., sent from Pondichery via Karikal
have not yet reached them. As the enemy only intended to
blockade Trichinopoly, Captain Gingins was ordered to leave
the command to Captain Cope with just enough force for its
defence and march this way with the rest of our force and the
Nawab's horse. Captain Clive writes from Arcot on October
18 that he can maintain the Fort against the enemy and that
with the help of the Madras detachment he could even take the
offensive. This diversion has prevented Chunda Sahib from
collecting rents. Hope to secure some of them if Captain Gingins'
detachment and the Nawab's horse come this way. The Vizaga-
patam Council fears attack, because Jaffar Ali Khan gives
out that when he takes leave the new Nawab will request
orders to join the French and dispossess the English. Andrews
who had lived long to the Northward thinks that this is only a
scheme of Jaffar Ali to get a present. But as the Pondichery Council
describes Dupleix as the Moghal's Governor and threatens to
report our proceedings to the Moghal, believe that the French will,
if possible, make the Country Government attack the English. The
Faujdar of Ganjam desires the resettlement of the factory there ;
but as such promises are worth nothing, shall take advantage of
this offer to recover the Company's effects and balances there.
Have received a further letter said to come from Salabat Jang, but
the behaviour of the harkaras who brought it made us suspect it to
be the production of Dupleix and Chunda Sahib. It is remarkable
that this letter should arrive the same day as Chunda Sahib's
answer to Saunders' letter explaining his reasons for supporting
Muhammad Ali as the nominee of Nasir Jang and then of Ghazi-ud-
din Khan. It is said that Chunda Sahib and others have counterfeit
seals of the Moghal and his officers. Proposed to Chunda Sahib
that he may hold Arcot leaving Trichinopoly to Muhammad Ali,
pending the Moghal's decision. But this was rejected with scorn.
The Council considers that Chunda Sahib only serves as a cloak of
French ambitions. As their success must ruin the Company's trade,
we had to oppose their evil schemes. Salabat Jang's letter advised
the English to give up Muhammad Ali, to confine themselves to
their settlements and that Ghazi-ud-din Khan has been replaced by
himself, John Trenwith has been killed at Arcot. 'We cannot
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 147
but with the greatest justice to his merit, mention Mr. Robert Clive
one of your covenanted servants, who, when we were under a
necessity for officers, voluntarily engaged himself, without any con-
sideration of pay, and has behaved with great courage and conduct. '
On the intercession of Eyles and others on behalf of Captain Kilipa-
trick and on the latter's apology for his actions, he has been severely
reprimanded and restored to his rank. The St. Mary's Church
wardens request the Company to receive on their account 3.568
Pags. at 7% per annum from William Monson. They further
request leave for an organ to be sent out- Robert Goodere denies
having written the letter ascribed to him by the Pondichery Council.
Can get little reliable news from Pondichery. The Achilles and the
Rochelle have sailed thence partly loaded for the Mauritius. The
Moors are said to have demanded the return of Masulipatam but the
French are still fortifying that place and Divi Island. His Majesty's
sloop Swallow which is repairing in Bengal will call here for
despatches to Europe. Brohier writes separately and sends several
plans. The Bengal Council having omitted to send papers regard-
ing the saltpetre and redwood on the Britannia, they cannot be
included in the Coast invoice. Her Coast cargo amounts to 147,631
Pags. ; diamonds, etc., registered, 98,151 Pags., and the Captain's
private trade, 6,357 Pags. The cash balance is 4,960 current Pags.
and 722 Madras Pags.
Postscript: Bills drawn on the Company for 130 Pags. and
certificates, 1,845 Pags.
Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the Company.
FORT St. DAVID. JANUARY 25, 1752. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 1 9, pp. 25 — 31 (Copy 6% pp.) Defective. Also Factory
Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II, pp. 593-599. (India Office
transcript. )]
- Now write by the Don Carlos bound for Persia. China shipping
news. News from Bengal and Bombay. Tellicherry has been
engaged in a troublesome war, but the latest private letters report a
cessation of arms. His Majesty's ship Swallow is hourly expected.
The Warwick is being laded [for Europe]. Shall put up the
broadcloth to outcry on January 29, ' but as some of the principal
marts for that article have been lately plundered by the Marathas,
we are apprehensive there will be but few purchasers.' 35,394 taels
of gold have been remitted from China with 25,560 oz. [of gold ?]
The investment has exceeded expectations and will amount to near
148 the madras despatches
4,600 bales. The revenues of the new acquisitions have hitherto
been collected without difficulty.
Believe Dupleix has been endeavouring the ruin of our Northern
factories. Jaffar Ali Khan, Nawab of Rajahmundry, wrote to
Westcott and Andrews that Salabat Jang had ordered him to
destroy Ingeram and Madapollam, and he begged them to remove
their effects. Westcott accordingly withdrew to a small island at
the mouth of the river ; on this the Moors sent a detachment of
horse and foot ; but, to the disappointment of the French, they only
hauled down the English flag. Have received 300 bales from West-
cott and 159 from Andrews. The French are still trying to gain
their point, but are so disliked that they will find it difficult.
Andrews has withdrawn from Madapollam to Bandarmalanka ; the
latter is at present better situated for trade, as the French claim an
exclusive right to the Madapollam river though the Madapollam
factory has not yet been touched.
The War has of late gone more favourably. Clive was besieged
in Arcot by the French and Chunda Sahib's son from September
24 to November 14. As Clive had not more than a month's provi-
sions, had to send Captain Killpatrick to relieve him. But before
his arrival, the enemy had made two breaches and attempted to
storm the Fort. They were beaten off with great loss, and decamped
abandoning their cannon the next day, when Killpatrick and 2,000
Maratha horse appeared. On December 3, Clive and the Marathas
beat them at Ami, with considerable loss in killed and prisoners.
They rallied at Chetpattu, and are now near Covelong, it is said
with a design to attack St. Thome, but, it is believed, are not in a
condition to do it. Killpatrick is at Arcot with 230 men ; Captain
Campbell with 130 Europeans and 500 sepoys [is camped near
Madras]. This,success ' has raised our reputation with the natives,
before sunk too low.'
At Trichinopoly the enemy have been busy assembling stores
and cannon, but have hardly begun their approaches, though
they have strengthened their camp. There have been several
skirmishes in which we have generally had the advantage, in
one of them killing a Captain, Lieutenant, Quartermaster, and
2T troopers. The Nawab has now been joined by the Mysore
troops and 3,000 Marathas ; and the King of Tanjore is expected
to declare for him. What is most to be feared is their receiving
reinforcements or buying off our allies. Intend to press an
engagement as soon as possible ; if we are successful, their
losses should be so heavy that unless they receive reinforcements
CALENDAR FOR T751 1752 149
quite disproportioned to ours, we shall be able to stop their
schemes. The French continue in possession of Masulipatam, are
fortifying Divi Island, and have built two small batteries at the
entrance to the Madapollam river. The French grants were mostly
made by Muzaffar Jang who was never legally invested with the
Government of the Deccan. At present have no forces to spare ;
but if successful in the Carnatic, will support our claim to Divi
j Island. Expect a detachment of 200 men from Bengal. Trust that
our conduct may meet with approval.
Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. David. February 15, 1752. Received Sep-
tember 17, 1752. [Factory Records, Fort St. David, Vol. II,
pp. 601 — 618. {India Office transcript.)]
Cite despatch of January 25. Have laded 1,445 bales on the
Warwick and sent her to Madras to be filled up.
Have sent 1,050 bags of rice to Sumatra. Have received from
Bombay 619 barrels of gunpowder sent out from Europe.
Have punished one Govinda Chetti for making debased coins
within the Company's bounds, and confiscated the coins. There
is much difference in the weights used in the Mint and the Ware-
house, due to their more constant use in the former than in the
latter. Have ordered the Mint weights to be adjusted with the
Warehouse weights twice a year. Apply for a standard set of
weights. This year Bombay sent only 727 barrels of gunpowder.
The demand being very great, have ordered it to be made locally.
Brohier thinks that at least four or five thousand barrels must be
kept in stock. At the recent sale, broadcloth secured better
prices. The ordinary green would not sell. The shalloons sold
tolerably. Bengal wants half their treasure in Madras rupees, a
quarter in Arcot rupees and a quarter in bullion. Shall decline
the Bengal proposal to put a mint mark on Arcot rupees. Note the
great difference in the touch of gold according to the invoice from
China and the Mint assays here. Received the amount of Captain
Webb's respondentia bond for 4,640 oz. of silver. Allowed him
the privilege of tea usually granted to China Captains. Laded on
the Warwick 300 bags of saltpetre at half-freight and some old
guns, etc., freight free.
Have coined 30,000 Madras Pags. from the China gold for
the Northern settlements where a good investment is expected
in spite of French obstruction. Have contracted with a new
merchant at Salem, but the troubles in the country make it difficult
150 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
to get cloth. Rice gets damaged for want of proper granaries.
Will in future lay in paddy which is less liable to decay.
Chunda Sahib's son with some French left Covelong, plundered
and burnt some villages of Poonamallee, and carried off to Pondi-
chery the furniture of houses at the Mount and Marmalong. The
French Council repudiates the English claims to these places.
Have been unable to check these ravages for want of horse, and
have therefore ordered as many as could be got to be entertained
on the Nawab's account. The French have again withdrawn
beyond Poonamallee, and when the 1,000 horse requested of the
Nawab reach Arcot shall be able to keep the French at a distance.
All the Mysore and Maratha troops have reached Trichinopoly.
The Tanjore King is ready to join them. 'The enemy were
intrenched up to their chins ; provisions excessively scarce and
continually harrassed by the horse.' Captain de Gingins proposes
to attack the enemy's rear with half his force. No news from
Aurangabad. The French succeeded by presents and promises in
obtaining from the Pegu King permission to erect a factory there.
They try their very best to exclude the English from Pegu. 'The
grandeur of His Most Christian Majesty was displayed with all
the tinsell imaginable. Their numerous armies, conduct, valour,
and possession of this Coast, were made use of as so many argu-
ments and convincing marks of the power of their nation, but to no
purpose. The many years we had trafficked at that port, the just-
ness of our dealings, and the advantages accruing from so extensive
a trade, entirely overweighed them.' Pegu is a suitable place for
ship-building and produces many commodities vendable on the
Coast. Westcott found the present site of the Ingeram factory
unsuitable and suggested a new one to be erected at Coringa which
is on a river and nearer the sea. But for the present, the proposal
has been rejected. Agreed however to the renting of Coringa and
Malaram. Andrews will rent Bandarmalanka. Will cultivate
friendship with Vijayaram Raz. The French on the strength of
Salabat Jang's parwannas seized several towns in the North, but
were obliged to quit them. Will send him a small present. The
Vizagapatam garrison, which consists of superannuated Europeans
and topasses, will be reinforced. An Ensign's command will be
sent to Ingeram and Madapollam.
Have erected two small choultries for the washers. On Robins'
suggestion, a redoubt has been built at St. Thome. The cost far.
exceeds Robins' estimate, but he meant to have completed them in
sod works, an idea which he had to abandon before he left. The
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 151
materials are good and cheap and workmen regularly paid. The
Betel and Tobacco, and the Weighing and Measuring farms have
been let out for 3,000 and 400 Pags., respectively, or double the
former rent. On the arrival of the King's troops, the Arrack farm
was abolished, but it has been impossible to prevent the clandes-
tine sale of liquor to the men. It has therefore been decided to
license arrack shops in the principal streets. The farm has been
let for 2,000 Pags. a year. This revenue will be raised not from
the Military only, but from the Moors, Gentoos, Malabars, sepoys,
lascars, and boat people. Will make proper enquiries before
permitting any reduction in the revenues of Poonamallee and
St. Thome, lately pillaged by the enemy. 13 "covenanted
servants have been received this year ; 8 have since died or returned
to Europe. Are therefore still in need of writers. Fowke pro-
ceeded on the Dragon and Prince and Smyth King on the Warwick.
Goodere went to Bengal for his health promising to return in
January, but now hear that he is proceeding on the London. He
owes 8,379 Pags. to the Company and his private accounts are
unsettled. We shall attach his money in Henry Powney's hands
on the Company's account. According to several complaints, ' he
has left his post with the general discontent and murmurs of the
whole place.' Norris has returned from China. Matthew Empson
died intestate on January 24. Captain Cope was wounded at
Trichinopoly and since died. Ensign Rouchead was killed at
Tirupasur. Lieutenant Bulkeley was shot at the siege of Conjeve-
ram. Richard Starke succeeds Prince at Madras. Charles Boddam
is Export Warehouse-keeper, Commissary and Accountant. Pigot
succeeds Goodere and Wynch succeeds Pigot as Storekeeper.
Hugh Norris is under the Paymaster vice Empson. John Walsh
being in bare health is succeeded as Secretary at Fort St. George
by Peter St. Paul. Charles Hopkins is to assist at Ingeram in
place of Baird, whose imprudence threatened to involve the
Company in disputes with the Country powers. He has been
transferred to Vizagapatam. Lieutenant Pascall has been pro-
moted Captain vice Captain Richards deceased; Lieutenant
Maskelyne, Captain Lieutenant vice Captain Lieutenant Murray
deserted; Lieutenant Campbell, Adjutant at Madras vice Bulkeley ;
and Lieutenant Pigou, Quartermaster vice Pascall. Maskelyne
will succeed Cope as Captain ; Lieutenant Pigou as Captain Lieute-
nant; and Ensign Cooper as Quartermaster. Solomon Nathan
returns home on this ship with 5 "discharged military. Coja
Shawmier Sultan requests his house to be restored or rent allowed.
i52 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
In future the Military Paymaster will receive stoppages from the
recruits to defray the cost of their clothing.
The Dutch continue averse to interfere in the Carnatic.
A French ship has sailed from Pondichery with piece-goods,
redwood and pepper. Received a lengthy letter of 146 pp. from
Dupleix, dated February 18, N.S. It is a narrative of the
Carnatic affairs since the War and designed for the public, in
vindication of his conduct and throwing the blame for the troubles
upon the English. From the beginning to end, it is full of un-
truths or exaggerations. ' The author will appear ridiculous by
attempting to impose on the world so gross a cheat.' By the
hostilities the French daily commit, are convinced that they
would drive the English out of India, if only they had the power
to do so. Have purchased stores amounting to 952 Pags. at the
outcry held by His Majesty's Naval Storekeeper. Granted a certi-
ficate for 3,500 Pags. paid in by him.
Supplement : Gold from Harrison, etc., though invoiced to
weigh I465 taels, only weighs 1,464 taels. This is probably
due to a difference in computing the taels. Owing to the
unsafety of the roads, cannot get the rolls of the military in time
for this ship. A registry of diamonds has been opened at Madras,
and those registered here amount to 5,931 Pags. The cash
balance on hand is 16,454 current Pags. and 27,885 Madras Pags.
Troubles in Surat and Tellicherry. Cannot expect any surplus
tonnage from hence.
Postscript: The bills drawn on the Company amount to
1,879 Pags. ; and the certificates 3,500 Pags.
Abstract of Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. David. February 24, 1752. Re-
ceived DECEMBER 27, 1752. [Coast and Bay abstracts, Letters
received, Vol. 5, p. 340. {India Office transcript.)]
The Warwick sailed home from Madras about February 23. The
Swallow and the Porto Bello sloops arrived on February 18, Robert
Westgarth goes as Resident at Pegu to secure a grant of the
Negrais. Large quantities of copper hoops stolen out of the
military godown. The Military Storehouse-keeper's request to
write them off is referred to the Company. According to Brohier's
advice, desire a regular supply of 400 barrels of gunpowder a
year. ' A reinforcemnt of 200 received from Bengal has enabled
Captain Clive to march to Tritchanopoly with a detachment of
military and seapoys to act with Captain de Gingins.' A letter
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 153
received from Salabat Jang by way of Pondichery on February 21.
Distrust all letters coming from Pondichery. He has been desired
to send his letters by the people belonging to the English. Goodere
announced by the Sivallow his intention of going home from
Bengal. Pigot is going to Vizagapatam to settle his accounts.
Bills for 3,720 Pags. payable to Goodere; and certificates for 488
Pags. on account of Captain Lewis Tornery's estate.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. August 23, 175 1. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. S5> PP- 20 — 42 {Copy 23 pp.)]
Acknowledge the receipt of despatches dated February 12,
September 26, October 24, 1750, and February 7, 1751 ; also of
Robins's letters of September 25, and October 19, 1750, and January
24 and February 6, 1751. The Elizabeth lost her passage and did
not reach England till May 8. Declare Madras the seat of the
Presidency, with all the settlements on the Coromandel Coast and
Sumatra subordinate thereto.
Are building ' a ship of force ' for the protection of the Malabar
trade. She will soon be ready to sail and will be sent out with
treasure to Madras. Have taken up 14 ships for the coming
season. The present ship, the Durrington, brings treasure to be
coined with all speed for Bengal. Name the Secret Committee.
Half the kintledge of the Coast and Bay ships is to be made up
with saltpetre, and as much more is to be laded as will complete
their charterparty tonnage. Measures to be concerted with the
other settlements for the lading home of as many ships as possible.
The Company's intentions of giving a good supply of slaves to the
Coast and Sumatra have been defeated by not sending the Swallozv
on a second voyage to Madagascar. Captain Bell's objections were
frivolous. He did actually bring 245 slaves ; he could easily have
brought 150 or 200 on a second trip. Disposal of shipping at
Sumatra and elsewhere. If possible suitable cargoes to be provided
for the China ships. Approve the orders at Fort St. David against
putting freight or respondentia onto French and Dutch ships. Are
assured by those conversant with the Country trade that Company's
ships, detained in India for lack of cargo home, can be advantage-
ously let out on freight voyages, as merchants consider them safer
than Country vessels. Public notice is to be given of any ships that
may have to be detained ; and they should be let out to Company's
servants, Armenians, or other responsible persons, at such rates as
will at least cover the demurrage and charges. If this proves
20
154 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
feasible, ships may be detained in India and surplus tonnage (at
half-freight) laded on the ships sent home. Freighters do not give
proper rates of hire for Company's ships because the Commanders
usually fill much of the space with their own private trade ; proper
methods should be used to keep them within bounds.
Being determined to promote the woollen trade, shall send a full
supply this season. Disapprove the delivery of last year's broad-
cloth to Linga Chetti contrary to the Company's positive orders.
All goods are to be sold in the most public manner. Intend a
large supply of bullion ; as much as possible is to be coined and
sent to Bengal, as the debts there should be discharged. Send on
this ship £28,084 worth of gold to supply the need of it on the Coast ;
but the value of this is to be forwarded in rupees to Bengal,
whither the full amount of all bullion on this ship is to be sent.
Variation in the fineness of rupees coined at Fort St. David ; the
Assay-Master and Linga Chetti to be informed of this. Information
regarding the exchange-rates of gold and silver to be sent home
by every ship. The forwarding to the port of consignment of over-
carried private silver, coral, etc.
Observe ' with infinite concern ' the distracted state of the
country and the ill situation of the investment ; but have no doubts
of the Council's doing its best. As the Northern settlements
hold out the best prospect, they should be well supplied with
money. Desire that no cloth be sent brown, if it can possibly be
avoided. Approve the refusal of further advances to the mer-
chants, as their balances are in general too large, especially for
1749 and 1750. Bengal to supply saltpetre for kintledge and
completing cargoes.
Having considered the destructive schemes of the French and
the confusion of the country, believe it will be best ' to stand upon
your guard and wait the event ' without interfering further than is
required for the preservation of the Company's rights and privileges.
All opportunities should be taken of pointing out to the Country
powers the fatal consequences of French success ; and all proper
means used to disconcert their schemes short of acts of hostility in
breach of the Treaty except in self-defence. Will send such forces
as will enable the English to act upon the defensive at least.
Formal protests to be made against any infringements of the
Treaty and authenticated narratives of such to be sent home.
Approve the sending of Hopkins to hoist the English flag at Divi
Island and the Masulipatam factory, with orders to protest if the
flag was insulted. Presents to the Country powers should be as
frugal as possible ; that to Nasir Jang exceeded reasonable bounds.
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 155
William Cockell goes out by this ship as Deputy Governor of
Fort St. David and Stringer Lawrence as Commander of the forces.
Both are well acquainted with the Company's sentiments on the
present situation. Recommend the maintenance of internal har-
mony. Appoint Saunders, Cockell and Lawrence, or any two of
them, a Committee to transact affairs with the Country Governments
and European nations so far as their political conduct affects the
Company, but without power to disburse money except with the
approval of a majority of the Council. Robins, whenever present,
is also to sit on the Committee, which shall communicate to the
Court of Directors full accounts of its proceedings.
Desire duly attested statements regarding La Mettrie and
Barnewall in case they should attempt action against the Company.
All encroachments by the Dutch on English possessions or trade
must be reported in the fullest and most authentic manner. The
utmost endeavours to be made to fulfil the assurances that the new
revenues will cover the cost of the necessary garrisons. Approve
the system of recording Military and Political deliberations apart.
Note with pleasure that Robins was consulted on the events that
followed the death of Nasir Jang. Are gratified at the voluntary
grant made of Devikottai by the King of Tan jore ; but friendship
with that Prince should not be allowed to lead to profitless expedi-
tions. As the exactions of the Country Government rendered the
Ganjam factory useless, approve the withdrawal of it. Since
Saunders became President, affairs have been conducted with
great prudence, application and spirit.
Repairs at Madras. Approve Robins's scheme for completing
the Fort St. David defences at a cost of £5,000, as also that for
completing the defences of Fort St. George. His reasons for pro-
ceeding with the works at both places without awaiting the
Company's sanction are satisfactory. Also approve his proposal
to secure the Black Town at Madras with such an enclosure as to
require a siege and so give time for the removal of valuables into the
Fort. Agree that this will encourage wealthy men to settle there.
Hoped to have received a plan and estimates ; but have such
confidence in Robins as to permit the work to be begun unless the
Committee objects. As the inhabitants will be so directly benefitted
they will no doubt contribute to the expense by such means as the
Council finds practicable.
There will now be less occasion for commercial buildings and
repairs at Fort St. David. But as the expenses of buildings must
156 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
even with the greatest economy run high, a Committee is to be
appointed to consider with Robins 's assistance the best method of
providing materials and employing artificers. The Master Car-
penters at Madras and Fort St. David are to receive a monthly
allowance instead of providing timber, etc., which in future is to be
supplied from the Company's stores. Are convinced that the
Paymaster's monopoly of making and supplying bricks must also
be against the Company's interests. Robins is to be informed of
these orders.
Are convinced that it is impossible to collect the rents of the
Company's possessions, and approve their being farmed out, as also
the letting of the Madras farms for one year only, as their value
will now increase. Cannot grant Shawmier Sultan's request to
allow him and his father to continue to reside in the White Town.
No Armenians are to be allowed to do so, and those who own houses
there are to sell them to European Protestants. The Company
considers Armenians very useful people, and they should have all
the accommodation that the Black Town can afford. The Danish
Missionaries are to be encouraged in propagating the Protestant
religion among all residing under English protection. Jaggu, son
of Narayanan deceased, has petitioned* the Company to order the
restitution of Chintadripet to the heirs of Narayanan and Chinna-
tambi, together with a village and temple, promising to repay
12,576 Pags. due to the Company on account of Chintadripet,
and asking that the Council may assist the trustees of his father's
estate to recover the outstanding debts. Direct an inquiry to be
made and reported for the Company's orders.
The Presidency is to be removed to Madras as soon as possible.
Have appointed by a commission under the Company's seal, dated
* A copy of the petition forms pp. 184 — 186 of Public Despatches from England,
vol. 55. It recites that George Morton Pitt when Governor commissioned. Narayanan and
the Warehouse conicoply, Chinnatambi, to build the weaving-village of Chintadri-
pet; that Narayanan built a pagoda at his own charges, costing 18,700 Pags.; that
till Narayanan's death (April 1743), the Company made the trustees advances of 63,720
Pags., of which 51,144 Pags. had been repaid in goods. The revenues of the
village (620 Pags. a year) had been settled on the trustees, while revenues to the
amount of 1,500 Pags. a year, with a village worth 300 Pags. a year, had been
assigned to the temple. Morse when Governor gave the whole management to Chinna-
tambi, ordering him to pay all the surplus to the Company till the debt was extin-
guished. Until 1746, he collected 4,000 Pags., but paid in nothing. Since 1749 the
Company has held the village assigned to the temple, and Chinnatambi (who recently
died) collected the revenues. Prays that Chintadripet may be placed under the joint
management of Narayanan's and Chinnatambi's heirs, but that the temple and its revenues
be delivered to the petitioner.
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 157
August 21, the following Council : — Thomas Saunders, President ;
William Cockell, Second and Deputy Governor of Fort St.
David with succession to the chair; Major William Kinneer,
Third and to remain as such ; Richard Starke ; Joseph Fowke ;
Charles Boddam; Henry Powney; Robert Goodere ; George
Pigot ; Foss Westcott and Alexander Wynch. Vacancies in the
Council are to be filled by the next senior in standing unless there is
reason to the contrary. Prince is to be sent home as soon as he
has adjusted his accounts with the Company. Whenever at
Madras, Lawrence is to have a seat and vote in the Council, sitting
on the President's left hand and signing next after the Second,
and in the Second's absence he is to sit on the President's right and
sign next after him, but he is never to succeed to the chair. A
Council of five persons to be appointed for Fort St. David, with
Cockell as Deputy Governor and a Second selected from the Coun-
cillors named above. When Cockell can be spared from Fort St.
David, he should take his seat in Council at Madras. His salary,
etc., are to be the same as were paid to the Deputy Governor before
the capture of Madras.
Lawrence is appointed Commander-in-Chief of all the Company's
forces in India, commanding (subject to the President and Council's
orders) in whatever presidency he may chance to be. He is to
receive a salary of £500 a year, with £250 a year in lieu of diet-
money, servants, horses, etc., beginning from his arrival in India.
He will also be allowed all expenses incurred in military operations
and in travelling from place to place. His duties are to see that
the troops are disciplined and always ready for service, to command
in person such part of the forces as may be necessary, and to sub-
mit to the Council such plans and explanations as may enable
them to decide regarding military operations. He shall be entirely
governed by the orders he shall receive in writing from the
Company or from the Council, serve the Company to the utmost of
his skill, and advise the Council of all that shall occur to him
for the Company's advantage.*
William Kinneer, ' an able and experienced officer,' entertained
as Major of the Madras troops. To be Third in Council, to have
the command and clothing of one company, with a salary of £250
a year with allowances for diet, servants and palankin as Third of
Council. He is not to be embarrassed with civil affairs or have
* A copy of Lawrence's commission forms pp. 172-173 of Public Despatches from
England, vol. 55.
158 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
any additional pay "for regulating or commanding the Artillery
company. George Patterson, now sent out, is to succeed to the
first Ensign's vacancy and meantime to draw Ensign's pay. Send
as many recruits as the ship can carry and will send more by
each ship. Have contracted for two companies of 140 men each
to be raised in the Swiss Protestant cantons; they are to arrive in
time to embark on the ships that will sail at the end of November.*
As the Madras Council was fixed before Percival's readmission
into the service, it would not be fair to remove one of the Council-
lors in order to make room for him ; but he may be continued in
the service and promoted according to his standing if he behaves
well. If any one refuses to serve at Fort St. David or elsewhere,
he shall be considered to have resigned, obliged to settle his
account with the Company, and sent home. Salaries and allow-
ances of covenanted servants are to be on the same scale as before
the loss of Madras. The gratuity of £50 a year was granted to Croke
for particular services and not as Second of Fort St. David; it
should not have been granted to Richard Starke as Second at Fort
St. George. Timothy Tullie, writer at Madras, may be allowed
(according to his father's request) to reside at Madras so long as
that is consistent with his duty. Approve the method taken of
late of appointing Committees to inquire into and state facts.
Repeat the orders of January 27, 1748, regarding the appointment
of a Committee of Treasury to take charge of the cash, bullion, etc.,
as these have not yet been executed. Disapprove the old
system under which the Import Warehouse-keeper had charge of
the bullion and rupees. Require an annual statement of the
salaries and allowances of all civil and military servants. Send
copies of the Act for reforming the Calendar. Require all original
papers and information relating to the accounts with His Majesty's
Squadrons and forces in India. 10 bonds (all dated earlier than
September 1746) for money lent to the Company at Madras may
be paid off; they amount to 81,300 Pags. and 39,000 Arcot Rs.
* Copy of the Company's agreement with Sir Luke Schaub and Jasper Sellon, dated
July 17, 1751, forms pp. 174-176 of Public Despatches from England, vol. 55. The
men to be between 20 and 35, Protestants ; the Companies to consist of I captain, 2
lieutenants, I ensign, 6 sergeants, 6 corporals, 1 drum-major, 2 drummers, I fife and
120 privates, each ; each officer and soldier to contract to serve for 7 years from arrival
in India; the Companies to reach Gravesend before November 30, 1751 ; the captains
to receive £j levy -money for every man raised ; the captains to have the clothing of
their Companies, for which 2d. per diem shall be deducted from the pay of each man ;
bounty of ^ioto be paid for re-enlistment for 5 years at the termination of seven years'
service ; free passage home to be provided at the end of 7 or 12 years, etc.
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 159
Permission granted to form another company of Artillery ; the
officers must be such as Robins considers qualified. Will comply
with Robins's indent for light cannon, mortars, etc.
Supplement : The lawyers all agree that the capture of Madras
by the French put an end to the Mayor's Court. No attempt to be
made to revive it till a new Charter has been obtained. The Court
of Quarter Sessions however, consisting of the President and the
five senior Members of Council, is deemed still to be in existence.
A Sheriff should therefore be appointed and Sessions held.
Lawrence's commission in no way reduces the powers granted to
Robins. Have taken up 3 more ships, one of which will bring
a cargo of slaves from Madagascar to Madras.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. August 23, 1751. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 55, p. 43 (Original I p.)]
The existence of a Roman Catholic Church in the heart of an
English settlement is so inconvenient, that the Portuguese Church
in the White Town is to be pulled down at once, and not allowed
to stand on pretence of giving it to the Danish Missionaries or of
its use as a store-house or otherwise.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. November 14, 175 1. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 55, pp. 44 — 46 (Original 3 pp.)]
Now despatch the Delawar to carry slaves from Madagascar to
the Coast. The Commander Abraham Dominicus, and the Chief
Mate, Thomas Winter, appointed agents* for the purchase of 600
slaves or more. They are to receive 205. for every slave delivered,
two-thirds to the Commander and one-third to the Mate ; but in
case either should die before the commission is executed, the
Company will decide what may be a fair division. The agents are
to deliver to the President, etc., all their slaves, the remains of
the cargo sent from England, and copies of their accounts and
diaries, to be forwarded with remarks to the Company. The
* A copy of their instructions occurs at pp. 169-171 of Public Despatches from England,
vol. 55. One-third of the slaves to be girls and women between 14 and 18 ; not to
remain in Madagascar more than 3 months unless the purchase of slaves has not been
completed and the crew is in good health ; they are furnished with extracts and copies
of papers relating to former voyages ; to treat the natives civilly and use the slaves
with humanity, but to be watchful against a surprise; and to keep an exact diary
and accounts, etc.
K
160 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Surgeon is to receive $s. a head for each slave delivered if he
appears to have taken good care of them. As many slaves as
possible are to be sent to Sumatra. If the Swallow's Madagascar
cargo and a good part of the Delawar's should remain undisposed
of, the Delawar may be sent back to Madagascar if more slaves
are needed. They are to be treated with more care than those
sent by the Swallow who were neglected and suffered in their
health. Are convinced that they may be of great use as'coffrees
or as boatmen, labourers, etc. A Committee to be appointed to
consider how best to employ and regulate them. Consider that
they should all be lodged together under the care of a trusty
person, that the Military should be allowed no intercourse with
them, that a reasonable diet and clothing should be fixed for them,
and that when sick they should be attended by the Surgeons as
the Military are. Send 100 tons of lead by this ship.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. November 22, 175 1. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol 55, pp. 47 — 49 (Original 3 pp.)]
Of the ships taken up, 4 are destined for the Coast and China,
7 for the Coast and Bay, and I for Madagascar and the Coast.
The Coast and China ships are under despatch. The Coast
and Bay ships will sail early in January. The Oxford (now about to
sail) will call at Madeira for 300 pipes of wine, of which 150 are
destined for Madras and the rest for Bengal. 20 pipes are allowed
on the ship's privilege. The first company of Swiss is commanded
by Captain John Chabbert, the second by Captain John Henry
Schaub. A detachment is now embarked, and the Commander of
the ship has been enjoined to treat both officers and privates with
the utmost humanity. A particular inquiry is to be made into his
conduct in this respect. The same should be done regarding each
party of Swiss sent out.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.
East India House. December 6, 1751. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 55, pp. 50— 55 (Original 6 pp. J]
Despatch of shipping. The Rhoda, Edgecote, Prince of Wales,
and Drake, now sail for the Coast and China. The Protector, built
by the Company for service on the Malabar Coast, will be ready
to sail early in January with treasure for Madras. Name the
supercargoes for China. Send by these ships for the Coast a large
CALENDAR FOR 1751-1752 161
quantity of treasure, woollen goods, etc. The ships are to be sent
on to Canton with the least possible delay. The Coast and Bay
ships will call to get the Bengal treasure coined and to land Military
and a few consignments — mostly private trade. Arrangements
should be made to have rupees ready to put aboard the ships for
the Bay so that they may not be long detained. Send 3 cases of
English and I of Dutch velvet ; desire to know which sells best,
Have appointed as writers : — George Dolben, John Percival, Claud
Russell, Joseph Sommers, and John Smith. Samuel Staveley and
Thomas Colefax appointed Chaplains on the Coast. Send further
detachments of Swiss. The privates have not yet been allotted to
their respective companies ; Chabbert and Schaub are to decide
this as the detachments arrive with the advice of the Major. The
pay of officers and men is exactly the same as that of the other
Europeans in the Company's service. Each Captain has the privi-
lege of naming the subalterns in his Company, who are afterwards
to succeed according to seniority unless there is reason to the
contrary. Enquiry into their treatment on the outward voyage.
Need of preserving harmony between the Swiss and other forces ;
No distinction is to be made between them, and their uniform is
to be exactly the same. The barracks are to be extended so as to
accommodate the new troops.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.,
Committee. East India House. December 6, 1751. [Letter
Book, Vol. 28, pp. 260-261. (India Office transcript.)]
Hope that arrangements have been made for establishing a
settlement on the Negrais. David Hunter, late Deputy Governor
of St. Helena, is appointed Chief of this new settlement and sails
to Fort Marlborough on the Exeter, whence he will proceed to take
charge, should a settlement have actually been made. Thomas
Combes of the Council at Fort Marlborough, is to be Second in the
Negrais, with succession to Huntt-r. Cannot fix their salaries
until the Company knows how the measure has progressed.
Meanwhile they are to be maintained at the Company's expense
and all due respect paid to him. If necessary a vessel should be
sent to carry them from Fort Marlborough to the Negrais. In case
of any accident befalling the Durrington on which Cockel and
Lawrence sail, Saunders is to form a Committee with one or two of
his Council and Robins to carry out the orders regarding the
Negrais. Measures should be taken to secure the Company's
21
162 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
former possessions and privileges in Pegu, as the Negrais settle-
ment will facilitate trade with that country.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.,
East India House. December 24, 175 1. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 55, pp. 56-57 (Original 2 pp.)]
Now despatch the Protector (Captain Francis Cheyne), built to
defend the trade on the Malabar coast instead of detaining one of
the chartered vessels as ' a Commodore ship.' She is to land 100
chests of bullion at Madras and then proceed to Bombay. Under
no circumstances is she to take in goods of any sort, so that she
may always be ready for action. Her bullion should be coined at
once into rupees to replace the bullion on the Coast and Bay ships.
Cheyne will lay his instructions before the Council if necessary.
He should be furnished with what supplies he needs, and an
account of them sent to Bengal.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.,
East India House. January 8, 1752. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 55, pp. 58 — 71 (Original 14 pp.)]
The despatch of shipping. Acknowledge the receipt of despatch
dated February 24, 1751. Now despatch the Coast and Bay ships —
Bombay Castle, Admiral Vernon, Chesterfield, Colchester and Godolphin,
to be sent on with the utmost expedition. If any of these can be
despatched home more quickly by not sending them on to Bengal,
they may be detained on the Coast ; but in that case their cargoes
must be duly forwarded. As the large consignments sent will
enable large investments to be made, ships must be returned in
the season of their arrival. If any are detained, the impossi-
bility of despatching them must be made very clear to the
Company. Believe ships' officers carry out clandestinely large
quantities of goods — especially woollens; an exact account of all
private trade landed on the Coast is to be taken and sent home ;
all unlicensed goods are to be confiscated, and half the value (less
any law or other charges) shall be given to any person discovering
the same. Rate of pay on the Country shipping at Sumatra.
Should there be absolute necessity for detaining two ships in India,
the Durrington and Bombay Castle should be chosen- To check the
great quantity of private trade carried by Company's ships on
Country voyages, no private trade should be put on board till the
full charterparty tonnage is laded, where the voyage is on the
Company's account.
CALENDAR FOR 1751 1752 163
In order to encourage the woollen trade, have sent more woollens
than were indented for ; these and all other goods to be sold at
public outcry. May detain such part of the bullion now sent as is
absolutely required on the Coast. The rupees and pagodas coined
at Fort St. David fall short of the proper standard ; an enquiry
ordered. Complain of continued defects in the store accounts.
Comply with indents for stores ; but cordage, masts, yards, etc.,
take up so much space that the Company cannot send as valuable
consignments as is desired; country masts and cordage are to be
used as largely as possible, and nothing of this sort should be
indented for for sale.
Need of a large investment in order to lade home all the ships
in India; all sorts of low-priced piece-goods suitable for Europe
should be provided. Trust that the death of Muzaffar Jang has
facilitated the investment.
Trust that the dissensions among the murderers of Nasir Jang,
and the death of Muzaffar Jang, will convince the Country powers
that the French seek nothing but their own interests to the ruin of
the country. Hope that all advantage has been taken of this check
to the French schemes. In case the French still continue their
encroachments, regular protests are to be made against them and
full reports sent home.
Orders have been given in Holland for the punishment of those
responsible for the massacre off Sumatra of the Chinese under
English protection ; and the Dutch claims are now under discussion
between His Britannic Majesty and the States-General.
Nothing further is to be paid the Commissaries who received
Madras from the French. Every person taking his passage home
on a Company's ship is to pay £12, which the Company will subse-
quently remit if it sees proper. The 1,000 Pags. presented to
Andrews, Captain of the Bombay detachment, on his departure
from the Coast, was too large to have been made without the Com-
pany's approval. The Troop of horse is so expensive that Lawrence,
Kinneer and Robins must certify the utility of those now in service.
As Samuel Harrison has gone as supercargo on a Coast and China
ship, Council has been able to demand what he owes the Church
stock ; the Company will also endeavour to recover it, but proper
documents must be sent. Those responsible for the late arrival of
books, etc., from subordinate settlements must be reported to the
Company for punishment. Any papers discovered relating to
Morse, etc.'s accounts must be sent home with remarks. Cannot
admit that the Company should bear the loss of goods which were
164 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
the property of merchants when Madras was taken ; the full
amounts really due must be recovered fromTelisinga Chetti, Muttu
Kumarappa Chetti, Sunku Venkatarama Chetti, Ambalattadi
Chetti, Gandavidi Venkatarama and Nalla Chetti, as well as any
other sums owed to the Company when Madras was captured.
The account of His Majesty's stores delivered at Madras by
Commodore Lisle has not been received and must be forwarded.
Have resolved that all persons permitted to proceed to India
shall give security in £200, and that the masters of servants allowed
to go to India shall give their bond for £200, to indemnify the
Company against any expense that may be incurred for their
support. Free merchants must give security for good conduct for
£2,000. Staveley and Colefax, who will sail this season, have
received an advance of £50 each. Have transferred Samuel Ardley
and William Norris, factors in Sumatra, to the Coast with their
original standing— Ardley from April 28 and Norris from
September 22, 1749. Have appointed as factors on the Coast : —
Josias Dupre, John Browning, James Alexander, John Smith,
John Lewin Smith, Andrew Newton, Samuel Tatham, Charles
Saunders and Daniel Morse. When Timothy Tullie has served
his five years as writer, he is to be ranked next above Josias Dupre,
Richard Brickenden and Henry Eustace Johnson, appointed writers
last year, but did not sail, are to be ranked next above the writers
of this year, who are :— John Smith, John Whitehill, Joseph
Sommers, Claud Russell, George Dolben, John Percival, and
Thomas Rumbold. These factors and writers sail by the present
ships. Disallow pensions granted to Mrs. Graham and Mrs.
Mansell, who if in necessitous circumstances must be sent home at
the Company's expense. Desire to know the Council's opinion of
the age, services, family and circumstances of Captain de Morgan,
and why he was granted a pension so large as 25 Pags. a month.
The Surgeons are said not to attend properly the sick in hospital
and to take the soldiers' pay ; in future they are to attend regularly
instead of one taking whole charge for a month, and the soldiers
are to be stopped no more than what they usually pay for diet.
One of Council is periodically to inspect the hospital ; the Major is
to do the same, and regular hospital returns are to be sent home
every year ; if ignorant or careless the Surgeons are to be dismissed.
The two Swiss companies will be completed to full strength next
season. The collection of the Company's Standing Orders is to
be completed and a copy sent home.
Sumatra affairs.
CALENDAR FOR t7§I-l?$2 I65
Supplement: Approve the confiscation of the houses of those
who remained at Madras under the protection of the French, of the
resolution that Roman Catholics and Armenians should sell their
houses in the White Town, and of the Roman Catholic priests
being dispossessed of their Churches at Cuddalore and in and
about Fort St. George. The Church at Cuddalore and that in the
country near Madras should be given to the Missionaries of the
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge ' during our pleasure '
and tn*ey may also be given a donation not exceeding 500 Pags.
John Taylor, who was a Surgeon in Barnett's Squadron, is
allowed to proceed to India and may be employed as Surgeon
wherever needed. Have lost considerably by the depreciation of
silver on the Coasti by which means the shroffs may secure im-
proper profits. Orders to ascertain the real ratio of gold and
silver. The French in their contracts value 360 Rs. per 100 Star
Pags. thus avoiding loss by any variation. In order to avoid the
risk of sending out bullion, bills of exchange may be granted in
future to all persons at the rate hitherto allowed to covenanted
servants only — 75. Sd. per pagoda. Have entertained John Cassell
as Sergeant Bombardier of the Train. He has been for some years
at the Woolwich Academy, and will be useful to Robins. 17 iron
guns and 400 shot are laded on the Chesterfield instead of the Drake.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1752-1753.
Letter from Stringer Lawrence to the Company.
Trichinopoly. June ii, 1752. Received December 27,
1752. [The French in India, Vol. 2, pp. 71— 75- (India Office
transcript.)]
Was unable to write from the Cape as he was suffering from a
fit of asthma. Does not fear its return in India. Landed at Fort
St. David on March 14; and on the 17th marched thence with 400
Europeans and 1,000 sepoys whom ' Clive had just brought from
Arcott where the success he had met with had given a surprizing
turn to the Nabob's affairs.' Lawrence convoyed stores, etc.
Marched unmolested as far as Koyiladi where the French can-
nonaded from an entrenchment they had thrown up. Lawrence
returned their fire, but as they did not advance pushed on. Next
day the French drew out their whole force and Lawrence had to
engage them in order that his baggage might get safe to camp. •.
In the cannonade the English suffered little ; but the French were
driven into a hollow way, on which Lawrence drew off his people
who were much fatigued with their long march. Joined the camp
that night. The enemy lost 300 horse and 'Allum Khan, a man of
great interest.' Chunda Sahib was quickly forced to raise the
siege and to retire to the Srirangam pagoda. We so effectually
blockaded it by seizing all the strongholds round that in less
than 2 months, his army of 30,000 men were dispersed or destroyed,
and he himself with the French and a few horse and sepoys were
in a miserable condition. The Nawab summoned them to surrender.
After Chunda Sahib had surrendered to Manoji, the rest surren-
dered on June 3, on condition that the officers should go to
Pondichery on parole never to serve against the Nawab or his
allies, and that the soldiers should be kept prisoners till they could
be shipped to Europe. ' As the allies could not agree who should
keep Chunda, to end the dispute, his head was cut off; and we
shall march directly for Arcott, since there is not a man to oppose
us.' ' So compleat a victory with so little loss is surprizing, for
though the enemy were superiour to us when I arrived, yet we
CALENDAR FOR 1 752-1753 i67
never could bring them to a general engagement notwithstanding
it was so much their interest. The whole business was done in a
few sieges and some skirmishing,' so that in taking nearly 1,000
European prisoners, the English had not 50 men killed. Dupleix
is proposing peace which the Nawab will accept provided the
English are satisfied. ' I am perswaded nothing but the keeping
up a good force in India will secure a lasting peace here,' and the
Nawab is willing to make over a sufficient tract of country to make
good their cost. As soon as the Coast is settled, Lawrence intends
to go to Bengal. Much regrets the loss of Robins.
abstract of despatch from thomas saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. July 5, 1752. Received,
DECEMBER 27, 1752. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters Received,
Vol. 5, pp. 340 — 347. (India Office transcript.)]
Cockell, Lawrence, Kinneer, Pattison and Repington arrived by
the Durrington on March 14. Re-established the Presidency at
Fort St. George on April 5.
This goes by the Swallow sloop. Speke, her Captain, has been
zealous in the Company's affairs and waited in order to bring news
of the issue of the struggle on the Coast. Shipping news. Goods
for China market are not procurable. 'Silver will answer there near
equally to any article purchaseable here.' The Godolphin arrived
here on June 12 with bullion and rupees, amounting to 199,909
Pags. The Colchester struck on a sea reef in passing the roads but
is reported undamaged. The Protector put in with her spars
damaged and when repaired will be despatched to Bombay.
Bombay has reported that ' Tellicherry was still engagd against
the Prince of Collastria, openly assisted by the French.' Landing
of gunpowder consigned by the Kent. ' Coffrees so serviceable,
the Swallow, if the Captain had not remonstrated against it, would
have been returned to Madagascar for more. The loss of so many
was not from want of care on their parts, but the rainy season
and improper physick from black doctors.' ' A ship will be
dispatched in September. Cannot say more as to tonnage. Bengal
write they cannot advise how many ships they may provide for.
Nothing to be expected in aid from Tellicherry.'
Short deliveries on several ships seem due to difference in
the weights used. Request a standard set of weights. Forward
the Assaymaster's explanation of differences in the rupees.
' Single rupees may differ but care is taken 1,000 do answer the
168 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
full weight.' ' Broadcloth.-— Little of what sold has from the
unsettled stated of the country been taken out of the werehouse.
All endeavours shall be usd to dispose of the large consignments of
it. Fear part will remain on hand and the price fall. Observe the
market hath not ever taken off more than indented for.' Aqua
fortis on the Prince of Wales, being badly packed, was thrown
overboard. Send price current of gold and silver. ' Madras
having been the magazine, the few stores at Fort St. David will
soon be removed to it.' ' Coral., etc., traders submit whether they
should not make returns within the limited time, believing the
advantage of the Bengal exchange has drawn sums thither and
that others are employed in the country. This requires a check.
The manifests and returns shall be examined and particulars sent
in September.'
Merchants' balances at Fort St. David have been reduced within
the permitted limit. Northern factories have been supplyd to
the utmost ; a further quantity of Madrass pagodas are procuring
for them. Are advisd tolerable investiments will be made there.'
' Some Armenians have imported cloth of the Company's sortment
from thence. This has been taken into warehouse and the
practice of it forbid on pain of confiscation,' ' The investment
will probably this year equal that of last. It is much affected by
the War and can't be ascertained in the present unsettled state-'
' Brown cloth. — Necessity only will ever oblige them to send any.'
Brohier has arrived at Madras, and surveyed the works. His
report is enclosed. Works at Fort St. David are progressing.
' Materials are purchasd at the first and cheapest rate under
Mr. Brohier's inspection. No workmen are paid without his check.
A contract made with Mr. Morse before their arrival for furnishing
materials is cancelled, but offerd to continue his allowance to
oversee the works.' ' Resident at Ingeram has for its security
been at some expense, not 'extraordinary.' 'Vizagapatam sufferd
considerably by a storm on the breaking up of the monsoon.
Mr. Brohier when at leisure will go and survey. No expense, but
what shall be requisite for preserving effects there, shall for the
present be incurrd.'
' Barracks. — Being at a loss for them, the hospital usd as such
on arrival of the recruits and houses hird in thepettah for the sick.
Erecting new barracks will be deferrd till hear how the plan now
sent is approvd of.' The Portuguese church has been pulled down.
Military officers could have quarters in the square which adjoined
that church. ' Danish missionarys after this dispatch shall have
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 169
the Church at Viparee and at a proper time be shown the
generous indulgence orderd.' Have confiscated the houses of
Carvalho, Baillieu, Jeronimo and Melong, who have lived under the
French ever since the loss of Madras. ' Farms at Fort St. David
in general. — Their rents doubled.' 'Farms at Madrass on the
footing as formerly except Beetle and Tobacco. They yield 200
Pags. less. It is esteemd they are well disposd of, the warlike
uncertain posture being considerd.' Starke, Wynch and Smith
have been appointed to inquire into the damages done by plunder,
etc., in the Poonamallee country. The proximity of St. Thome
encourages smuggling. Have prohibited the import of vessels
there. 'Fortifications. — Assessing the inhabitants for them, it is
submitted, as the place has not recoverd itself, may discourage a
resort of merchants and at this season be prejudicial.'
' Messrs. Saunders, Cockell and Lawrence are a Committee for
Country government. Mr. Lawrence arriving, marched with a
detachment to Trichinopoly, took the comand of the whole Army
and is still in the field.' Saunders, Starke and Powney formed the
Committee of Treasury. ' Major Kinneer comands in garrison,
Mr. Starke, 4th of Council but 2nd on the spot, the Council were of
opinion, should rank so, as the Major was appointed always to
stand 3rd. Mr. Kinneer judging he should have the superiority ot
Starke now encloses a letter thereon.' ' Vacancies in Council
supplyed by Messrs. Cooke and Smith.' Thomas Cooke is ill and
cannot yet proceed to his station as Second at Fort St. David.
4 Mr. Prince resigning went home per Warwick.' Pigot has gone
to Vizagapatam. Pybus is Resident at Devikottai. ' Mr. William
Percival accepting the service is made Upper Searcher at the Sea
Gate.' ' Messrs. Dupre, Browning and Newton, factors ; and
Messrs. Brickenden, Sommers, Dolben, Russel and Rumbohd,
writers, are arrivd and will be employd suitable to their capacitys.'
Ardley and Norris will be ordered to Madras. ' Eleven factors
ranking this year above the writers sent last is a very particular
hardship as their behaviour has been very satisfactory, sober and
diligent.' ' Recruits arrivd healthy, and passengers in general
allow the Captains have treated them handsomely.' ' Some of the
Swiss not arrivd, but Captains Chabbert and Schaub, Lieutenants
Wagner, Gaup, D'Beck, and Ensign Provost, are come.' ' Swiss. —
Many of them are Catholicks, this the officers were ignorant of. 13
have deserted and expect more will. Recourse had to general
courts-martial for preventing it with the greatest humanity.
170 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Captain Chabbert has protested against infringement of privileges
claimd by Swiss in foreign service. These being contrary to
orders shall suspend complying therewith till directions are
received. They will be usd as the Company's own troops and the
Captains fill up vacancys in their companies.' ' Major visits
hospital monthly and officer weekly. Sick have wholesome diet,
and pay only what usual. The Steward provides it. Doctors not
interfering therein, a Counseller shall be added.' ' Artillery
companys. — Will endeavour to compleatthe two, of the recruits sent
them-' ' Mr. Palk hearing of Mr. Swynfen's death and his election
to be Chaplain returnd from Bombay and has officiated to general
satisfaction. He and Mr. Colefax are appointed to the duty here
and Mr. Staveley at Fort St. David.' ' Servants refusing to go to
subordinates shall be immediately dismissed.' ' Mr. Starke shall as
directed be reduced in salary.' ' Captain Morgan is 74, has served
42 years and got 7 children. He alledges his expences are much
superior to his income.' ' Church stock. — Mr. Harrison has settled
his account with it.' ' Permission of £12 shall be recovered of
each passenger.' ' Captain-Lieutenant Pigou preferrd to a company
by Captain Love' s shooting himself. Ensign Joseph Edward Cooper
to be Captain-Lieutenant ; and John Seaton, gunner of Vizagapatam,
made Lieutenant of Artillery.' ' Governor, highly sensible of the
approval of his conduct, will merit the continuance of it'
' Mr. Brohier allowed an addition of 25 Pags. a month for a
house, etc., for carrying on his branch, for supplying the insuffici-
ency of what paid for his maintenance, and as an encouragement
of the great assiduity with which he has so deservingly behaved in
his station, agreeable to Mr. Robins' recommendation for not
stinting him too much.'
Will continue till May the books of Fort St. David as a
Presidency, and the books of Fort St. George as a subordinate
factory. ' Mr. Morse's accounts. — Can give no light to them.
Madras books coud not be sent in a more regular manner,
several accounts from April to September being missing ; those in
the different employs mustbe very capable of explaining them.'
' China Jesuits' annuity has been demanded. Wait directions for
paying interest thereof.' 'Bonds bearing simple interest shall be
paid when rupees are provided for the Bay.' ' Standing orders. —
Some of the old books missing. Shall collect the rest and the
paragraphs intended as such since Madras was lost'
/
/
CALENDAR FOR 1752 1753 171
Sumatra affairs.
1 Of the new Charter. — Are concerned the whole [of former
judicial power] is not valid, as well as those powers, the Company
advise, are still subsisting. Desire the whole Charter may be sent
in full force.'
' The Diana is the only ship yet arrived at Pondicherry. It is
said she brings 60 recruits.' The French ' have for some years
provided goods for the Manilha market within the English bounds,
and endeavoured to ruin their trade there. A stop has been put to
this and the French have been desired to furnish themselves within
their own limits.' The Dutch have no ships yet arrived, and the
Danes expect 3 this season.
Supplement : ' The Centaur arrived from Europe at Pondicherry
the 1st instant. By her Captain Cooke wrote the 30th May from
Joanna that the Admiral Vernon had run ashore at Mayotta and
been obliged to throw some guns overboard, but was uncertain of
the damages received and expected to be at St. David in 10 days
after his letter. Have no account of the other ship. It is reported
this ship has brought the French a good many men. Are uncertain
of the number.' ' Mr. Kinneer. — £100 per annum will be deducted
from his appointments to be paid half-yearly for the use of his
family in England agreeable to the promise he says was made him
there.' Bills drawn on the Company for 208 Pags., and certificates
for 787 Pags.
[Separate] Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. George. July 5, 1752. [Public Despat-
ches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 32—38. {Copy 6V2 pp.) Damaged. Also
The French in India, Vol. 2, pp. 63 — 71. (India Office transcript.)]
Have tried various methods in vain to get letters conveyed to
Salabat Jang ; and have only received letters from him via
Pondichery. According to the best accounts from Aurangabad
Ghazi-ud-din is hostile to the French ; Salabat Jang was for some
time engaged in a war with the Marathas, but made peace, returned
to Aurangabad, and then moved to Golconda ; on the march his
Diwan Ramadas Pantulu, the greatest enemy of the English, was
killed ' in a dispute that arose between him and the leading men.'
When Dupleix perceived Chunda Sahib's cause declining, he
wrote urgently to the Deccan for help ; ' the French Subadar ' with
some horse and 60 Europeans with officers were sent, but stopped
by the Nawabs of Cuddapah and Kurnool. Only 2 officers and
their baggage have reached Pulicat.
172 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
The French have failed to secure the destruction of our Northern
factories. Jaffar Ali has returned asNawabof Rajahmundry, and,
though at first he said he had orders to demolish them, he has since
written to Westcott and Saunders that he is ordered to restore us to
our old privileges. The French still hold Masulipatam, etc., and
continue their fortifications.
In the Carnatic the enemy were trying to ravage our districts.
After the reinforcement arrived from Bengal, Clive, who was at
Madras, took the field with all the forces he could collect, and found
the enemy entrenched at Vandalur about 15 miles out. They
decamped at night and moved hastily to Kaveripak whence they
hoped to surprize Arcot. An engagement followed in which most
of their Europeans were killed or taken, and all their cannon and
baggage were captured. At this time de Gingens wrote that with
the addition of Clive's force he should be able to defeat the enemy
at Trichinopoly. Clive was ordered at once to march thither ; he
went by Fort St. David ; and, while he was replacing his military
stores there, Lawrence arrived from Europe on the Durrington, took
command of the troops, and on March 18 set out for Trichinopoly.
When he was nearly there, the enemy came out to meet him but were
forced to retire. Next day Chunda Sahib, being distressed for
provisions, retreated across the Cauveri into the island of Srirangam
without losing a man or a gun. After a time we captured his out-
posts, and he was blockaded in the island. d'Auteuil, who was
coming with a strong escort of money and stores, was driven
back to Uttatur and then to Valikondapuram, where he was defeated
by Clive and the convoy captured. This reduced Chunda Sahib to
great straits. Fearing Srirangam would be taken, he attempt-
ed flight, having, it is said, received encouragement from the
Tanjore leader ; but he was seized when passing the sentries.
The next day a dispute arose as to who should have the custody of
him, and, agreement being impossible, the Tanjore general had
him beheaded. His head was afterwards exposed in the camp.
The French say that the Tanjore leader had promised to help his
escape and to do him no harm. After this the Nawab summoned
Law to surrender, which at last he did, with the request that his
officers, and volunteers might be sent to Pondichery, and that the
soldiers should be kept at Fort St. David and Madras, to avoid the
ill-treatment which they feared at Trichinopoly, binding himself to
replace all who should desert on the way.
Unhappily this great success has not settled the affairs of the
province. The King of Mysore sent troops, brought with him the
CALENDAR FOR 1752 1753 *73
Marathas, and supplied the Nawab with money ; but at the time
the terms on which he did this were not known. Lawrence had
been ordered, in case of success, to march on Gingee ; but when he
proposed to do so, the Mysoreans and Marathas refused to join him
till the Nawab had complied with his promise of giving up Trichi-
nopoly to the King of Mysore. Several days were spent discussing
this matter, but the utmost the King of Mysore could be brought to
was to offer to accept the English guarantee for the surrender of
Trichinopoly as soon as the Nawab was settled in his Government.
The Nawab admits he has no right to give away such large
countries; and the English are allied with the Sarkar to protect
it, and cannot appear in such a transaction. Moreover Mysore is
the Nawab's sole support, and, should that state and the Marathas
join the French, the Nawab would be in a dangerous situation.
Dupleix is doing his best to foment these dissensions. Saunders has
written to the King of Mysore, begging him to drop this dispute
for the present and promising him the friendship of the English
to assist in settling the matter later on.
Dupleix is much chagrined at his defeat after so much boasting.
He quarrels with his relations ; has confined Law ; and troubles us
constantly with depositions of his officers. After the news of the
victory had reached Fort St. David, Dupleix wrote that he had
just received a letter from Salabat Jang empowering him to make
peace. He proposes as a basis that Muhammad Ali shall have
Trichinopoly. Believe this is only intended to gain time as
Dupleix declares he will not make peace unless the Nawab sur-
renders his prisoners ; and this is plainly impossible. They are the
Nawab's, and are only in the English settlements at Law's special
request. Peace on a firm basis is very desirable for the revival of
trade ; and moreover ' these people ' [the Indians] have no
principles, have learnt much of the art of war, and are accumulating
military stores, so that they may come to annoy us. But as a basis
for peace, must insist on the Nawab enjoying his Government just
*s formerly, the Kings of Mysore and Tanjore must be included,
and the French must give up those places which threaten us — the
Nawab may grant them others if he pleases — , and the prisoners may
be released on condition of not serving again against the Nawab.
But these terms, reasonable as they are, are not likely to be
accepted unless the Nawab can send his army into this province
and the French receive no considerable reinforcements. But
should peace be made, the French will be able to employ their
1/4 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
forces elsewhere — at Masulipatam, Divi Island and Tellicherry.
In any case considerable reinforcements are desired. Have not
yet been at the expense of presents, and will continue the troop of
horse no longer than necessary.
abstract of despatch from thomas saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. November 3, 1752.
RECEIVED AUGUST 21, 1753. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters
Received, Vol. 5, pp. 373—377- (India Office transcript.)]
Acknowledge the receipt of despatches of August 23, December
[November?] 14 and 22, 1751, and January 8, 1752. Cite despatches
of July 5 and 12 [?] 1752. This is designed by the Colchester.
The Bay and Sumatra shipping. ' Bengal have not advised the
tonnage they may provide for. Expect two or three ships must
stay and that they will send a ship for filling up with the surplus
pepper at Fort MarlbrO. Wager and Hector having been sent from
the other Coast, no assistance is to be thence hoped for.'
' Slaves.— 216 received per Delawar, 142 males, 74 females.
The men being of infinite service especially in the Train are to be
disciplind; and the women sent to the West Coast.' 'Silver, coral,
etc., account, for which returns have not been made in full within
limited time, enclosd. Reasons have been given for the delay to
most of the articles. What are unanswerd have no claimants.
Submit that the manifest express the consigner and consignee,
that the traders be obliged to observe their contract and not
employ the produce in India, it being apprehended they give orders
for it and paying sums into cash at Bengal. This lucrative branch
carryed on by the English only is almost ruind by the ignorance
and inexperience of so many sent out for engaging in it.'
'Lead and iron sold this year beyond expectation and believe
an encouraging price will continue.' 'Broadcloth on hand sold at
outcry according to prescribed directions. It is uncertain when it
will be cleard. A large quantity of former sales remaining in the
place, indent cant be enlargd, prices being already much fallen
and likely to continue so.' 'Velvets are only demanded for
Europeans and a small quantity for presents. One sort will
answer as well as another. The greatest part receivd this season
lye unsold.' 'Treasure more than designd has been shippd for
the Bay, gold excepted. Payment of bonds and fortification
charges drawing so much cash, they could not do without that and
hope to stand excusd for not exposing themselves to necessity.'
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 175
'Rice so scarce in Bengal last January, its exportation was prohi-
bited, and, continuing so in September, none has been imported
here, so that for preventing calamitys of inhabitants, orderd no
grain to be carryed out of the bounds.' The excess saltpetre
from Bengal will be used up in the Powder mills. ' Indents
enclosd. It is especially desird that for military stores may be
complyd with to prevent the worst of consequences. Price current
of gold and silver with Assaymaster's musters also sent.'
' Investment has not been greatly affected by the troubles ; yet
fearful of it since the Morattas joynd the Nabob who plunder, etc.,
both friend and foe ; but they had prevaild on him not to intro-
duce them into these parts at present in peace.' 'Northern
factorys quiet and succeed; have been under inconceivable
difficultys for supplying them with gold. It is desired their
request for gold from China may be considerd of.' ' Fine goods
merchants have been abated for some inferior to muster, the
only measure to be pursu'd during the troubles.'
' Renters of Poonamalee and St. Thome. — The best terms pos-
sible shall be made for the losses they sustaind as advisd per
Swallow, as the Committee for enquiring into them could not make
any exact calculation. The troubles keep people from engaging
in rents. It was with difficulty the former farmers of Poona-
malee agreed on last year's terms.'
' Fortification. — Little has been added to them, as the place itself
was in so ruinous a condition. Those at St. David advance as
fast as possible. Refer to Brohier's letter hereupon.' ' Mr. Moore
dissatisfyed with his salary as overseer of the workmen has
resigned.' 'Devecotahis an old country fortification Putting it
into tolerable order would take up time and a great expence, so that
only the absolutely necessary repairs will be given it.' ' Rent of
1,200 Pags. per annum for Madrass has on application for it been
taken off by the Nabob.' ' Repairs to the Garden House and
offices at St. David formerly made there by Mr. Burton. He has
desird 471 Pags. on that account. It appears Mr. Burton did lay
out a considerable sum there which it is the general opinion he
had not been reimbursd. Directions desird hereupon.' 'Captain
Chabbert's health being greatly affected, he has desird to resign
and return.' 'Major Kinneer died 9th ultimo. Lieutenant Cooper
was killed at Covelon 16th September; and Ensign Lewis dyd at
Vizagapatam 9th July.' 'William Lefevre, writer, dyed 2lst
176 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
August, Chaplain Colefax the 26th and Samuel Tat[h]em, factor,
nth October.' ' Surat and Tellicherry are in peace.' 'Military
promotions. — Ensigns Smith and Spears to Lieutenancys ; and
Joseph Edward Cooper to the same ; Lieutenant Gaup appointed
Captain in Captain Chabbert's room ; Second Lieutenant Wagner,
First ; and Ensign Heydegger, Second Lieutenant ; also Voluntier
Lullin made an Ensign.' ' Swiss that were in action have behaved
very gallantly.' ' Danish missionaries have been paid 500 Pags.
and the Romish Church at Viparee given them.' ' Jaggoo paying
annually 2,000 Pags. of his debt is permitted till the Court's pleasure
is known to receive a custom to a pagoda formerly built by his
father and to whom the same was paid.' ' Mr. Cooke being re-
covered is gone to his station at St. David.' Bourchier has
succeeded Cockell in Council, subject to the Company's orders.
' Officers to two new companys will be appointed at Major
Lawrence's instance.' ' Sepoys — their number at the Presidency
fixed at 600, at Fort St. David 600, and at Devecotah 100. The
excess the Nabob must pay for. Coffrees in the Train and Mili-
tary have an uniform. They shall have a monthly allowance for
diet which will be the cheapest and most satisfactory to them.'
' Swiss Companys must be annually recruited. These troops enjoy
the same privileges as in other services and are tryd by their
officers to prevent uneasiness and on Major Lawrence's inti-
mations.' Have appointed some assistants for the Hospital. More
medicines are required. ' Horse. — Some discharged, few remain.
Shall be reducd if possible.'
1 Bonds. — Purpose paying them off in January, hoping the
exchange now so low as 390 Rs. may then rise'. The exchange is
fixed at 7s. Sd. a pagoda. Robert Goodere owes the Company
3,338 Pags. which sum ' is attachd in his attorney's hands.'
Sumatra affairs: 'Six French ships arrivd, besides what
remaind. 3 have been despatched to the Islands with piece-
goods, etc. Cant say how many will go for Europe, but most are
expected to return here with Military and Coffrees. A later
ship is still expected from Europe.' ' Metchlepatam. — It is not
found the Dutch make any pretensions to it but remain inactive.'
' Danes have three ships this season, two of them men-of-war
with 300 recruits.'
Postcript": Bills on the Company for 1,897 Pags. ; and certifi-
cates for 1,013 Pags.
CALENDAR FOR 1752 1753 *77
[Separate] Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. George. November 3, 1752. [Public
Despatches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 38 — 46 (Copy 9 pp.) Damaged.
Also The trench in India, Vol. 2, pp. 75 — 86. (India Office trans-
cript.)]
News from Aurangabad that Ghazi-ud-din with a sannad from
the Moghal has reached Aurangabad with his ally Nana, Sahu
Raja's General, and that Salabat Jang and the French are preparing
to attack him. The Nana has sent Vakils here and to Bombay,
desiring us to continue our assistance to Muhammad Ali and to
send troops to Ghazi-ud-din. A small force cannot be sent from
here, as Salabat Jang's army lies in between ; so Bourchier was
desired to do so from Bombay (the letter is entered ' in our private
correspondence'). Muhammad Ali's position depends largely on
what happens in the Deccan- The French have sent all the troops
they could spare to Salabat Jang; the advantage of a Train and
European troops has often been evident ; and Ghazi-ud-din has
neither though he has a large army. Should the two come to terms,
Salabat Jang would of course support his allies.
The dispute between the Nawab and the King of Mysore
continues. The latter has sent a Vakil to Madras with offers to
support the Nawab if the English will guarantee the cession of
Trichinopoly ; but the Nawab declares he has no power to execute
his promise, which was made only out of dire necessity. Received
a letter purporting to come from Salabat Jang, desiring the English
to support Muhammad Ali and denying the latter's right to cede
Trichinopoly. As the matter is intricate, have answered the King
of Mysore that we are ' merchants, allies of the Circar and not
principals', that we cannot interfere in matters of this nature, but
are willing to act as mediators. There is no doubt of the Nawab's
having made the promise, but both he and the King must have
known that he could not fulfil it. The King is immensely rich, and
the acquisition of Trichinopoly would lead to his conquering
Tanjore and becoming over-powerful.
If the march of the army had not been delayed by this business,
the whole of the province would have submitted. At last the
army moved to Uttatur and then to Valikondapuram. There how-
ever Lawrence heard that the Marathas were meaning to detain
the Nawab ; so he returned to Trichinopoly; and, after two days,
when matters seemed settled, he and the Nawab rejoined the army
leaving a garrison to defend Trichinopoly.
23
I78 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
After the capture of Tiruviti, Lawrence fell sick, and Major
Kinneer took the command after a delay which enabled the enemy
to raise more sepoys. Meanwhile they also received reinforce-
ments from Europe. The English design was to capture Gingee,
but, on appearing before it after capturing Villupuram, Kinneer
found it too strong to be attempted with the troops he had. In his
return he found the French strongly encamped at Vikravandi.
Kinneer attacked, but, in spite of his superior numbers, the position
was too strong to be forced, and Kinneer was wounded in the leg.
The enemy's loss was much greater than ours.
Kinneer having retired into garrison, the command was held by
Captain Clarke until Lawrence again took the field. The enemy
having camped at Bahur, the Nawab's Army moved from Tiruviti,
on which the French withdrew by night towards Pondichery. We
advanced ; there were a few skirmishes and some villages were
burnt ; but as an engagement could not be forced, we withdrew to
Bahur. The enemy, perceiving their country had suffered by their
retirement, then advanced and camped in sight of us. Lawrence
attacked them early in the morning ; and three-quarters of the
enemy were killed or taken with all their baggage and cannon.
The Nawab then desiring Covelong and Chingleput tobe reduced,
Clive was sent with some new recruits and sepoys. Covelong sur-
rendered as soon as a battery had been erected; and a party
advancing from Chingleput to relieve it was defeated with the loss
of some prisoners. Clive was then reinforced from the Army, and
marched against Chingleput, which is a strong place almost sur-
rounded by a morass and defended by a double stone-wall and a
ditch. As soon as heavy guns could be brought up, the attack was
begun, a breach was made, and the garrison surrendered on condi-
tion of being released on parole. Meanwhile the grand Army had
moved northward in order to cover these operations and to reduce
Chetpattu and Wandiwash. The Army marched from Tiruviti
and appeared before the latter ; the Killedar then agreed to pay 3
lakhs of rupees. The Nawab was very anxious for the reduction of
the other place ; but though it was reported weakly held, Lawrence
declined to attack it and returned to Tiruviti.
In regard to the parts borne by the English and French, Chunda
Sahib was only Nawab of these parts by order of Muzaffar Jang
and Salabat Jang, whereas Muhammad Ali was appointed by Nasir
Jang and has been confirmed by Ghazi-ud-din and even by Salabat
Jang. Both sides have acted only as allies, and prisoners (as at
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 179
Trichinopoly), have surrendered to the principals. The Trichinopoly
prisoners however were sent at Law's request to Fort St. David to
avoid the ill-treatment expected from the Moors. Dupleix then
demanded their return, as the nations were at peace and we could
not hold prisoners under our colours. We replied that we had no
prisoners of our own, although the Nawab had committed some of
his to our custody at the particular request of M. Law. On this
Dupleix seized a company of Swiss on their way by boat to Fort St.
David. The correspondence shows that both sides have acted as
allies only. The French have often broken their paroles, we have
not. We have done our best to save French prisoners, as they fight
under compulsion from Dupleix; but since this we have not inter-
fered ; the Nawab disposes of his prisoners, and 'officers and men
vent their spleen on Mr. Dupleix.' The seizure of Masulipatam and
Divi Island was an actual breach of Treaty. Our colours were
pulled down at Kumbakonam. Dupleix wrote that our colours at
Trichinopoly should not protect us from attack. At Arcot British
troops under the King's colours were besieged, and the French flew
their flag on the battery. The houses at the Mount were plundered
by the French and Chunda Sahib's people, though lying within our
district of St. Thome, and the spoils were carried to Pondichery.
Yet Dupleix has the effrontery to complain of breaches of Treaty
when the Nawab takes Tiruviti, Villupuram, etc. ; whereas we
have never violated the French Bounds and have prevented the
Nawab from doing so. Sometimes Dupleix figures as Chunda
Sahib's ally, sometimes as Nawab of the country from Cape
Comorin to the Kistna. Our reply is that the Treaty does not
preclude the English from alliance with Muhammad Ali.
Our efforts for peace have come to nothing. The Nawab sent his
Vakil to Dupleix, who haughtily answered that he would not treat
until the prisoners were given up. The Nawab would have given
the French countries as valuable as those they were possessed of
(worth five or six lakhs of rupees a year) so that they would not
have suffered by Chunda Sahib's defeat. The refusal of these
terms proves that Dupleix will be satisfied with nothing less than
the whole of his ' scheme.' Doubt whether he has communicated
our letters to his Council ; but we always address the Councill.
The importance of what may happen at Aurangabad. Shall do
our best to hinder an alliance between the French and Ghazi-ud-
din. In the south Dupleix is negotiating with the Mysoreans and
the Marathas. The French forces (excluding prisoners and the
180 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Deccan detachment) are much inferior to ours, but they are still
expecting a ship with 300 men, and are drafting men and coffrees
from the Islands. Desire therefore recruits and stores. Regret
Lawrence's dissatisfaction. All decisions are arrived at in
Council and are communicated to him in the gentlest terms.
abstract of despatch from thomas saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. February 12, 1753.
RECEIVED AUGUST 21, 1753. [Coast and Bay Abstracts,
Letters Received, Vol. 5, pp. 380 -381. (India Office transcript.)]
'The accompanying was intended per Colchester. She had on
board 1,545 bales 31st October, when a violent storm happend
which drove her, the Delawdr and Brilliant out of the road. The
former got to St. David dismasted and damaged ; the Delawar to
Gallee in the same condition ; and having no account of the Bril-
liant, that was to have saild next day for the West Coast, are of
opinion she is gone there.' Other shipping news.
' Gauzedee Cawn poisond at Aurangabad by Salabat Jing's
mother. The Nana encamping near the latter's army, who after a
trifling skirmish accommodated affairs, giving the Moratta some
countrys promisd by Gauzedee, whose son and Salabat Jing are
competitors for the Decan government. It is reported the latter
will have it. The French disappointed in drawing Salabat's army
into the province and in their desire for a sanned for the province.
He is marching to Aurangabad with the French. The Nana on
this side the Kistna will settle this province, where the Morattas
may in time establish their own government. Shall endeavour to
improve the friendship subsisting with the Nana and prevent the
French gaining his interest.' ' The army at Trivady, were of
opinion, should be kept in the field. Mr. Lawrence differed in it.
And many difficulties being started, were obligd to order the troops
into garrison. Sixteen days after, as apprehended, the enemy
took the field. Mr. Lawrence then thought it necessary the English
should do the same. The Nabab's army is at Trivady ; the French
and Morattas within 6 miles of them; the enemy inferior in
Europeans but greatly superior in Moratta horse; to supply that
shall endeavour to engage the King of Tanjore in the Nabob's
interest.' ' A detachment at Tritchanopoly cut to pieces by the
enemy.' ' Saudet Bunder being of great disservice to the Nabab
he orderd it to be razed.' ' Captain Schaub and his company still
at Pondicherry. Swiss at Bengal deserting are orderd hither on
calendar for 1752-1753 181
the Godolphin.' ' Major Kinneer dead, Captain Clive taking passage
on the Admiral Vernon and Captain Gingins on another ship,
Mr. Lawrence the only commanding officer they have.' ' Troubles
will continue. A division in Nizam 's family, the Morattas will make
advantage of it. It is impossible to fix on a plan. Peace on good
terms most advantageous, which the French will not come into but
on conditions to the ruin of the English settlements. Their forces
if joind to those at Aurangabad greatly superior. They plunder the
country and prevent the Nabob collecting the revenues. Requested
supplys of men and warlike stores absolutely necessary for
preserving the settlements and trade.'
abstract of despatch from thomas saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. George. February 21, 1753. Re-
ceived AUGUST 21, 1753. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters
Received, Vol 5, pp. 381 — 385. (India Office transcript.)]
' Colchester dismasted and shatterd by the storm put into
St. David. Captain Mainwaring immediately went thither and
being assisted to the utmost hoped to have return'd her ; but he
and his officers on a survey thought it unsafe till her bottom was
examined.' The Admiral Vernon is proceeding to Fort St. David
to take in the Colchester's cargo.
The Delawar laded for Sumatra was ordered thither from Galle.
Purchased the Yorkshire Grey, 300 tons, for 10,000 Pags. for the.
Sumatra service, as the Brilliant is believed to have been lost.
China, etc., shipping. Purchased the Dragon sloop, 20 tons, for 300
Pags. for Coast service. The Fortune sloop was purchased for
Pegu service. Shall dispose of the Arcot snow which has been
condemned. ' Unseasonable and late dispatches remarked, Col-
chester not arriving till 13th October and Admiral Vernon only
7th instant.'
' Gunpowder promisd from Bombay will be very acceptable.'
1 Baftaes from Bengal damaged sold at outcry.' ' Gold. — Labour
under great difficulties on the want of it for Northern settlements
and current expences.'
'Vizagapatam cloth re-sorted found good. Hope it will give
satisfaction.' ' Ingeram cloth, most low numbers, some has been
rejected. Resident is strictly orderd to keep up to a good sortment.'
'Investment, considering the troubles, cant be complaind of.
Admiral Vernon, Chesterfield and Godolphin will, it is hopd, have their
tonnage and some few bales left. Morattas surrounding St. David,
182 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
will try to get their cloth to Devecotah and thence to St. David
by sea.'
1 Northern factorys unmolested. Vizaram Rauze managing those
countrys particularly regards the English.'
' Repairs of the very great damages by the late storm ordered.'
1 Powder house. — Egmore Redoubt being proper and not requiring
great expences will be converted into one.' ' Church at Viparee. —
On delivering it to the Danish Mission, Coja Petrus remonstrated
and protested.' ' Fortifications at St. David impeded by the
Morattas, the surmounting that difficulty enforced. Works here in
hand. No pains shall be spard to supply the weakness of the
Town to the westward with expedition. Refer to Mr. Brohier on
this point. The sea has gaind so of late years that in the N.E.
monsoon it washes the walls.' ' Revenues fixt. — Collected as
usual. Accountant's report thereof shows their encrease.'
1 Chaplain.— Mr. Palk succeeds as such on Mr. Colefax's death
as per orders and is thankful.' ' Court of Enquiry held on Captain
Gingin's complaint of being aspersed by Lieutenant De Mare.
Military Regulations requiring Commandant and 2 Captains being
of the Council, their examinations sent to Major Lawrence. In the
meantime Mr. De Mare, thinking great prejudice appeared in the
affair resigned.' ' Major Kinneer, a brave officer losing his life in
the service, his large family that must be exposed to want are
recommended.' ' Mr. Orme, formerly in the service at Bengal,
Captains Cliveand Chabbert take passage on this ship.' ' Captain
Clive they must mention to have had a great share in the several
campaigns. Refer to Private Proceedings thereon. Are concernd
his health obliges him to return.' 'Servants on the Coast, it is
requested, may with the Board's leave go to sea, receiving no pay
during absence. It would advance their fortunes, give them a
general knowledge of India, be of great service in conducting
affairs of consequence they may hereafter be entrusted with, and
enable their superiors to trade to profit by persons well educated,
having a nicer sense of honour and honesty than those sometimes
met with. An inducement hereto is the hardships young servants
suffer on first coming out by their evident scanty allowances.'
4 Mr. Pybus on account of a bad state of health is recalled to the
Presidency and Mr. Hopkins succeeds him as Chief of Devacotah ;
and Mr. Calland the latter at Ingeram. Mr. John Lewin Smith
is appointed Third at Vizagapatam.' 'Captain[s] to the two
new companies, if not supplied with such by the expected ships,
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 183
commissions will be given for them to the next in rank.' ' Military
promotions. — Ensigns Harrison, Trusler, Bilhock, Symmonds,
Moinichen, Davis, Wilkey, Morrice, Monro and Patterson to
Lieutenancys ; and Ensign's commissions, to voluntiers Crow,
Harrison, Fisher, Clack, Preston, Nelson, Sommers, de Monchanin,
Melotte, Greene and Smith. Mr. Repington made Lieutenant of the
Troop of Horse, and Mr. Paccard Ensign in the Bengal detachment.'
' John Smith, writer, died 24th ultimo.'
• Deposit of Arcot Rs. 30,000 at 6 per cent for charitable uses
made by the executors of Mr. de Medeiros.' 'China mission have
applyd for annual interest on their bond of Pags. 20,000, not paid
since loss of Madrass. Shall wait directions.'
Sumatra affairs : ' Court of Equity it is requested may be
obtained, being under great inconveniencys for want of it.'
Diamonds registered amount to 158,239 Pags. The cash balance
is 27,725 current Pags. and 10,005 Madras Pags.
Supplement : The Success sloop which was feared to be lost has
safely reached the Straits of Malacca. Bills and certificates for
4,460 Pags. and 184 Pags., respectively.
LSeparate] Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. George. February 21, 1753. [Public
Despatches to England, Vol. 1 9. pp. 47 — 52 {Copy 5% pp>)
Damaged. Also Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters Received, Vol. 5,
PP- 385-386. {India Office transcript.)}
As soon as Ghazi-ud-din reached Aurangabad, he was poisoned
by Salabat Jang's mother; but the Nana continued his march
and camped near Salabnt Jang. After a skirmish, peace was
made by ceding to the Marathas the provinces promised them by
Ghazi-ud-din. The latter's son is said to have been appointed in
his father's stead ; and as several nobles are displeased at the great
concessions to the Marathas and the heavy expense of the French
troops, whose intentions they seem to suspect, the troubles are
likely to continue. The French made great efforts to induce Sala-
bat Jang to march into the Carnatic, but a general murmuring
arose, and he has marched towards Aurangabad. The French
then tried to get a sanad for the Arcot Province, but failed. The
Nana then marched in this direction. He writes that he will either
come in person or send some one to settle affairs here. He professes
friendship for the Nawab and us ; but the Country Governments are
very liable to change.
184 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
The Mysore King and Morari Rao have joined the French.
The former is resolved to get Trichinopoly, where we have lost
70 men and 2 officers in an action. The French and Morari Rao
are camped on the Pennar about 6 miles from the Nawab's army
at Tiruviti. They are weak in Europeans and we in cavalry ; but
we think it best to run no risks. See no likelihood of peace, owing
to the dissensions in the Nizam's family and the French persistency
in their designs. They expect a large reinforcement from Europe,
and are collecting men from the Islands and their other settlements.
Hope for recruits and stores, as the, safety of the Company's trade
and settlements depends on their coming.
Taylor and Westgarth write that the King of Pegu has granted
the former privileges and a factory at Syrian (where the English flag
has been hoisted), but dissuades them from a settlement at the
Negrais on the ground of its unhealthiness ; he promises however
that we shall have it in preference to any other European nation.
Have ordered them to point out to him the dangers to large
vessels in entering ' the Pegu river ' and to press for a grant of the
Negrais.
Mention Lawrence's ' uneasiness ' and refer for details to ' our
private correspondence.' As the post of Commander-in-chief in
India and Major of Fort St. George is important, and as after
Lawrence's departure it may be held by a man of different senti-
ments, desire to know the precise meaning of the Company's regu-
lation regarding military appointments. It says that the Major
shall recommend for approval by the Governor and Council and
that no officer shall be superseded without good cause. Suppose
that the right of recommending does not imply the right of absolute
appointment. Sometimes there may be an officer of special merit .
but as a general rule promotions out of the ordinary result from
prejudice or private interest. Consider that innovations of this
sort would discourage all the officers. The question of Major
Kinneer's rank in Council at Fort St. David. The members of
subordinate Councils are usually below the rank of the Third-in-
Council at Madras ; but that should not give the Major a right
to manage Company's affairs of which he may know nothing ;
and yet this has been hinted at. By the existing orders the
Commander-in-chief sits as Third-in-Council at Madras and debates
military affairs. This is very necessary, for the civilian members
neither have nor claim special military knowledge. However their
experience entitles them to an opinion. It would be very disastrous
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 185
in a country, where officers are not easily replaced, to have an
officer refuse to obey the orders of the Council. In Europe it is
usual for soldiers' pay to pass through the hands of the company
Captains. Do not believe there is any abuse in the payments
now; but ' all men are not of the same complexion '; and abuses
would be more difficult if each soldier received his pay at the pay
table. It would be well also if each subaltern, on being promoted
to the rank of Captain, contracted to serve for five years, and
similarly with officers sent from Europe. A Swiss Captain,
Chabbert, recently arrived, sold his company to his Lieutenant
Gaupp. Desire explicit orders on these points, so that there may
be no room for doubt or disobedience.
Postscript: Have already reported that the Nawab ordered the
fort at Covelong to be razed. When it was being done, Father
Angelo de St. Gertrude, wrote, styling himself the imperial resident
at Covelong, and laying claim to the fort, on the pretext that the
ground had been granted to the Emperor. It was replied that this
was the Nawab's affair and that we could not interfere.
Abstract of Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc.,
to the Company. Fort St. George. March 21, 1753.
RECEIVED OCTOBER 9, 1753. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters
Received, Vol. 5, pp. 389 — 391. (India Office transcript).]
This goes by the Bombay Castle. Arrivals of the Godolphin,
Chesterfield, Pelham and Porto Bello. Other shipping news. Sub-
mit Captain Browne's claim for demurrage. Have laden on her on
half-freight 600 bags of saltpetre. Received 4,233 bags of rice
from Bengal. Its scarcity is due to ' black merchants' roguery.'
Received 98 chests of gunpowder by the Chesterfield.
Indents of the Assay Master have not been complyed with
and the medicines sent are not proportioned to their num-
erous garrisons.' 'Captain Chabbert on his embarking on the
Admiral Vernon wrote an insolent letter . . . There was
no necessity for his asking to go on a French ship, there being
four designd from hence. His so strenuously persisting to go to
Pondicherry appeared odd after Mr. Dupleix had seized and still
detains a company of Swiss as prisoners contrary to Treaty and
the Law of Nations.' ' Swiss forces under Captain Polier came
on the Godolphin. They are proceeding to St. David.' ' Superced-
ing of servants here, by placing those from other settlements over
24
186 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
them, is discouraging ; and having studyed to merit favour, hope
for the same protection as is showd to those in Bengal in this
respect.' ' Captain Clive and Mr. Orme were prevented embark-
ing on the Admiral Vernon. They now go on the Bombay Castle
with Mr. Cornelius Goodwin, Mrs. Cockell and Mrs. Colefax, also
Mrs. Clive.' ' Indent enclosd for books for the Secretary's office,
etc' 'French have sent a ship to Pondicherry with a Coast cargo
from China, being unable to provide teas for her. Some Military
came on her and two others have sailed from thence with Coast
and Bay cargos for the Islands.' The Church wardens request
books sent home to be searched regarding a debt of 1,000 Pags.
' under the head of East India bonds,' and another of 89% Pags.
from Henry Newman. ' Charterparty. — An explanation of it
desired as to limitation of the dispatch of ships from Bengal to
the Ilth March and from this Coast to the nth February ;
apprehending though this settlement is in the Bay of Bengal,
yet the proviso for not dispatching them thence before the 21st
November does not extend hither, from custom and the danger
of keeping them so late in that month.' Have equipped the Prince
George with guns, etc., obtained by Captains Browne and Carter.
' Charles Maul, surgeon, James Abbott, carpenter, and John North,
gunner, discharged by Captain Browne, as requested, to remain in
India. The necessity of the Company's particular service only
induced them to it and is a measure they will not promote.'
1 Captain John Scrimsour died the 1 5th instant, and Lieutenant Wood
of the Train the 31st January. The latter is succeeded by Mr. John
Dickenson. Promotion of Captains will be deferrd till expected
ships arrive.' The invoice of the Bombay Castle amounts to 90,993
Pags., and diamonds registered, 92,860 Pags. The cash balance is
25,396 current Pags. and 10,005 Madras Pags. Private trade from
Bengal amounts to 18,900 Arcot Rs. and from Madras to 1,780 Pags.
Postscript : Bills on the Company for 1,307 Pags., and certificates
for 2,327 Pags. on account of the estate of Major William Kinneer.
Abstract of Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. March 24, 1753. Re-
ceived OCTOBER 15, 1753. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters
Received, Vol. 5, pp. 392-393. (India Office transcript.)]
This goes by the Chesterfield which takes 988 bales. ' Lieutenant
Shaw of the Bengal Artillery detachment, having resigned his
commission, returns with his family.' ' Lieutenant Daniel Pepper
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 187
dyed a few days since ; his rank entitled him to the next vacant
company.' ' Artillery officers per Regulations may be promoted
in the other corps which is likely to occasion great uneasiness
among the military officers and will be a hardship on the former
who then can rise no higher than Lieutenants. Particular orders
desired that discontent may be removd.' The Chesterfield's invoice
amounts to 100,274 Pags. ; diamonds registered, 20,037 Pags. ; and
private trade from Bengal, 5,678 Rs. and from Madras 2,166 Pags.
Captain Carter's demand for demurrage. Bills on the Company
for 130 Pags.
Abstract of Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. April 19, 1753. re-
ceived APRIL 6, 1754. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters
Received, Vol. 5, pp. 402-403. {India Office transcript.)]
The Godolphin takes 922 bales, redwood and 1,200 bags of
saltpetre at half-freight, and proceeds to Sumatra to complete her
tonnage with pepper. The Chesterfield sailed on February 25. The
Prince George took salt, rice, 27 topasses and 21 coffree women to
Sumatra, and will return with timber and planks from Batavia for
the works. On April 5, Hunter proceeded on his expedition with
the Colchester, Arcot snow, Porto Bello and Fortune sloops, and was
to meet the Cnddalore at Vizagapatam. Thomas Winter succeeded
to the command of the Delawar, vice Captain Dominicus who died
at Galle. Payment of her repairs to the Dutch at Negapatam.
Advance to ships ' Captains. Sumatra affairs. Have sent on the
Don Carlos, 25,000 Pags. for Vizagapatam, and 400 candies of
redwood to Bengal. ' Broadcloth sold last October. The discount
of 9 per cent expiring the 20th instant, prolonged it to the last of
this month, as the major part had been cleard in this interval, and
the remains likely to be so. Another inducement was the small
stock of money for the great demands and necessary expences.'
Short delivery of rice and jute rope from Bengal asserted to have
been due to thefts on the boats at Calcutta before, loading. These
allegations ' seem probable from the several instances of the like
deficiencies in many vessels from Bengal this season.' The
Godolphin's invoice amounts to 70,082 Pags. ; diamonds registered,
9,616 Pags. The cash balance is 32,052 current Pags. and 5 Madras
Pags. Certificates granted for 722 Pags. on account of the estate of
Major William Kinneer.
188 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. October 25, 1752. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 56, pp. 27 — 30. {Original 4 pp.)]
Sent the Delawar to Madagascar for coffrees, being assured
that they would make good soldiers ; as the Council reports
that they are dreaded as much as Europeans by the Moors,
now send the Dragon (Captain Henry Kent)* to Madagascar
for 500 more, in the same proportion as those by the Delawar.
Head-money 205. to the Captain and 6s. Sd. to the Mate. Also will
allow them 55. per head for as many as they shall assist the Swallow
with after completing their own cargo. 55. head-money to the
Surgeon. The Swallow is also sent to Madagascar for about 300
coffrees for Bombay. Other directions as per those for the Delawar.
Send a slave who deserted from St. Helena, having been ill-used by
the armourer under whom he was employed, and who is willing to
serve the Company anywhere else.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. December 15, 1752. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 56, pp. 31-49 (Original 19 pp.)]
Cite despatches of the previous season. Acknowledge the
receipt of despatches, dated August 6 and 15, 1751 (received
February 16), September 30, 1751 (received March 12), October 24,
1751 (received May 10), January 25, 1752 overland (received
September 19), and February 15, 1752 (received September 17).
Suggest the possibility of sending further despatches by the
later Bombay ships which usually touch at Anjengo after the last
ships have left Madras. Have taken up 18 ships, of which
6 are destined for the Coast and China, and 6 for the Coast
and Bay. Have also fitted out the Company's own ships Dragon
and Swallow. The Coast and China ships are now under despatch ;
the Coast and Bay ships will sail about the middle of January.
Name the China supercargoes, the Secret Committee, etc. Madras
consignments by the China ships to be unladed, and if possible
goods for Canton to be put on board, without loss of time.
Supercargoes to be afforded all assistance and information,
especially about Quedda. The Winchelsea will bring 300 pipes
of Madeira, 200 for Madras and 100 for Bengal. Colonel Scott
takes his passage on her, and she is to put in at Vizagapatam
* Kent's instructions form, pp. 209 — 219 of Public Despatches from England
Vol. 56.
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 189
on her way to Bengal, to allow him to survey the defences. Usual
allowance of 20 pipes on the officers' privilege. The Coast and
Bay ships carry no iron kintledge, so must receive their full kint-
ledge (16 tons for every 100 tons of charterparty tonnage) in
saltpetre. Those despatched from the Coast are also to receive the
usual quantity of redwood, and the rest of the tonnage is to be
made up with piece-goods according to the list of the investment.
If that falls short, the cargoes may be made up with saltpetre.
Surplus bales may be laded at half-freight. Should the charter-
party tonnage be only just made up, extra saltpetre should be laded
to cover the usual 5 % wastage on that commodity to save the
Company from having to pay dead-freight. If any ship has to be
detained, it should be the Winchelsea ; but hope none will be.
Importance of despatching ships in good time. Coast and Bay
ships may be detained on the Coast if thereby they can be des-
patched home earlier than if sent on to Bengal. Measures for
prompt despatch to be concerted with Bengal. Usual orders about
the over-carriage of private silver, etc. No head-money, etc., to be
paid on account of lascars sent back to India. Usual orders about
forwarding bullion to Bengal.
Have sent between 2 and 300 bales of woollen cloth more than
was indented for. Also 210 barrels of gunpowder. A considerable
part of the treasure for the Coast is sent in gold. Send a standard
set of scales and weights for the Mint and Warehouse. The list of
the investment is to be strictly complied with. As the Vizaga-
patam and Ingeram cloth has proved better and cheaper than that
from Madras and Fort St. David, the former is to be encouraged
and increased ; the quality must be maintained and the measure-
ments must be — longcloth 36 yards by l% > salampores 16 yards
by 1%. As a large investment may be expected next year,
arrangements to be made with Bengal to secure the necessary
tonnage, and sufficient saltpetre must be obtained from Bengal.
Country affairs seem improved with the prospect that the
Nawab may at last be established in his Government. Urge the
need of ending the troubles freeing the Company from 'the present
heavy and intolerable expenses,' and recovering the advances
made to the Nawab. Have appointed Caroline Frederic Scott
(Lieutenant-Colonel of the 29th Foot and Aide-de-Camp to the
Duke of Cumberland) Engineer-General. Insert a copy of his
Instructions which are as follows : —
The principal object of his appointment is the fortification
of Fort William ; orders regarding the same ; should any settlement
190 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
be attacked Scott may proceed thither if he deems necessary, and
on his arrival he shall sit and vote at all Consultations dealing with
military matters. May appoint Inspectors of Works, on whose
certificates the Paymaster shall issue money. Materials to be
paid for only on the joint-certificate of two Inspectors counter-
signed by Scott, who, in cases of irregularity, has power]to demand
the Paymaster's dismissal, and himself to dismiss any other
person employed on the works. Similar orders as to Robins
regarding designs or plans. To call at Fort St. David,* Madras
and Vizagapatam on his way to Bengal, and report upon the works
there. If it will not hinder finishing the works on the Coast,
Brohier or any of Robins' assistants may be taken to Bengal.
Scott to draw pay of £400 a year as Engineer-General and Major
at Fort William, with a seat as Third in Council and the usual
salary and allowances of that rank.
One of the conditions on which the King and the Duke of
Cumberland gave Scott leave to proceed to India was that he
should not be put under the orde/s of any officer of inferior rank ;
Lawrence is not to go to Bengal while Scott is there. Should any
accident befall Lawrence, Scott is to have the command of all
the Company's forces- While on the Coast, he is to receive the
respect due to his rank, distinguished merit and abilities.
The works at Fort St. David and Fort St. George are to be
completed with all convenient speed, subject to Scott's directions.
Brohier (whose conduct the Company approves of) is to act as
Assistant Engineer under Scott as he did under Robins. As a
reward for his services he is to receive the command of one of
the Artillery companies. Robins ' young assistants are to be
continued in the same capacity under Scott. 120 Swiss recruits
are sent for the two Swiss companies that sailed last year,
and 60 Protestant Germans for the Artillery. Any ill-treatment
of them on the voyage is to be reported. Will also send as
many English recruits as can conveniently be embarked. Lewis
d'lllens is to be Captain and [ ], a German Gentleman,
Second Lieutenant, of the Artillery company at Fort St. George-
They sail by the Edgebaston. John Ridge, John Caillaud, and
William Lin sent out as Captains ; Daniel Campbell, and John
Fraser as Ensigns of Foot, and William Wells as Lieutenant of
• Copy of a despatch, dated December 15, 1752, addressed to the Deputy Gover-
nor, etc., at Fort St. David, and directing them to afford Scott all facilities, forms
pp. 51 — 51 of Public Despatches from England, Vol. 56.
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 191
Artillery. Their pay will commence from arrival and they will
succeed to the first vacancies in their respective ranks; no addi-
tional companies to be formed for their accommodation. Last
season permitted William Pye to proceed to Bombay to join the
Coast forces as a volunteer; he has held a commission in the
King's service and should be promoted if he merits it.
Have determined to have two Artillery companies — one at
Fort St. George and one at Fort St. David — being convinced of the
importance of that arm. Each company to consist of: — I Captain
(£200 a year); I First Lieutenant (£100); I Second Lieutenant
(£90); I Third Lieutenant (£ 90); 6 Sergeants (2s. a day each); 6
Corporals (is. Sd.) ; 30 Bombardiers (is. Sd.) ; 30 Gunners (is. 6d.) ; 40
Mattrosses (is.) ; 2 Drummers (is.), d'lllens is to command the
company at Fort St. George and Brohier that at Fort St. David.
The German subalterns and privates sent out with d'lllens are to
form part of his company.
George Pyne, Charles Smith, Alexander Dalrymple and John
Davidson appointed writers on the Coast. As the Council re-
ported that Palk was on his way home, the chaplaincies on the
Coast were filled up ; he has therefore been appointed to Bombay
with leave to remove to either Madras or Calcutta in the event of
a vacancy, but will be junior to the chaplains already at those
stations.
Supplement: The German Artillerymen have been detained
by contrary winds and may not be able to sail by the Edgebaston.
Send special shears for cutting copper-plates ; artificers at Madras
to be encouraged to use them. Scott has been directed to take
a careful survey of all artillery and stores.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. January 24, 1753. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 56, pp. 53—77 (Original 25 pp.)]
Acknowledge the receipt on December 24* of the follow-
ing despatches : — Generals of February 24 and July 5, 1752 ;
Separate letter of July 5, letter from Saunders and Cockell of
July 5, letters from Lawrence of June II, from Kinneer of June 30,
from Brohier of July 6, and from the Fort St. David Council of
July 8. The despatch of shipping. Now despatch the Coast and
* According to the letter of Secretary James to Saunders, etc., dated December 29,
1752 {Public Despatches from England, Vol. 56, j>. 91), these despatches were received
on December 27.
192 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Bay ships, which will land their passengers, etc., at Madras and
take in rupees in exchange for bullion for Bengal. Silver to be
coined with all promptitude. As usual now, the Madras consign-
ments have been sent by the China ships ; but the disposal of the
Coast and Bay ships (though they carry no goods for Madras and
are consequently consigned to Bengal) is to be determined by both
Madras and Bengal in concert. Have rebuked Bengal for
thwarting the Madras scheme for employing the Scarborough and
Hardwicke in country voyages. Complain of the delay in landing
broadcloth and stores sent for Bengal by the Augusta in 1749-
Though the Madras Council procured much better terms for
freight voyages than were got in Bengal, yet 4,000 Pags. (for
which the Warwick was let out for a voyage to China and back)
does not quite cover the amount of the demurrage ; something
more should have been got, especially considering the risk of her
not returning in time to be sent home the following season. Other
ships were let out for precisely the demurrage rates; urge that as
much as possible more than that should be secured.
Sent by the China ships for Madras £88,650 in gold ; now send
£12,167% ; hope this will answer the Council's expectations. All
the silver now sent is consigned to Bengal, but so much may be
detained as is absolutely necessary, according to the Council's
estimate of the investment and expenditure of the coming year,
which estimate is to be sent home. Positive orders to sell all
goods at public outcry. Hope ' the late turn in our affairs ' will
enable the merchants to carry on their trade and clear the woollens
they had bought but left lying in the Warehouse. Council considers
that a greater quantity of woollens than is indented for cannot be
sold ; the excess this year is but 250 bales, and for the sake of
encouraging the British manufactures, it is better to be rather
overstocked than want for a bale. The English assay of the China
gold received by the Warwick agrees pretty well with that made
at Madras. Approve the punishment of persons making base
coin at Fort St. David. Send some avoirdupois weights to serve
as a standard by which to regulate the weights ; consider that
Smyth King's regulating the weights at Madras so that the
hundredweight was 3 lb. heavier than a set brought out by the
ships, looks more like fraud than accident ; regret that this was
only discovered after he had left the service ; the conduct of the
covenated servants must be frequently enquired into. Are
pleased to observe that the coffrees behave well. Have complied
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 193
fully with the indent for small arms and military stores. In
regard to the complaint that many muskets are defective, the
tradesmen say this is too general a charge to answer ; future
defects must be precisely specified. Indents for iron and steel for
use should show the purpose for which these are intended.
Two cases of cloth omitted in last year's invoices. Redwood to
be provided early for the China ships. As Brohier reports
gunpowder can be made better and cheaper at Madras than else-
where in India, a power-mill may be set up ; what more is needed
should be got from Bombay or Calcutta ; it is cheaper at the latter ;
it is too dangerous to send large quantities from Europe. The
800 copper hoops stolen are not to be written off till the matter
has been enquired into.
The investment received by the last shipping was as large as
could reasonably be expected. Trust that the turn in affairs will
have restored tranquillity to the country ; as soon as that comes
to pass, the quality of cloth should be improved and prices reduced ;
last season's cloth was debased in fabric ; it should be remembered
that trade profits afford the only means of meeting the heavy
expenses on the Coast. The Northern investment is to be en-
couraged. Leave it to the Council's discretion to choose responsible
merchants to contract with. As there is no longer an excess of
shipping in the East, revoke the orders permitting the acceptance
of turned-out cloth, as this tends to debase the manufacture. Sent
a considerable amount of gold on the last ships ; now send more,
and will continue to do so as long as may be necessary.
Merchants' balances to be kept within reasonable limits.
Approve the Armenians being prevented from importing Northern
cloth of the Company's sortments and some of it being taken on
the Company's account.
As Dupleix' schemes tended so much to the destruction of
English trade, approve the measures taken to oppose them ; hope
the recent success has permitted a secure and honourable peace.
Have submitted to His Majesty the reports received from Madras
regarding the French plans, and pointed out the impossibility of
even keeping a footing on the Coast if they are not checked.
Dupleix' long letter, which the Council says is full of falsities, was
also sent to the Company by Dupleix through the hands of the
French Company ; hope to receive shortly the Council's observa-
tions on it, so that it may be seen wherein those falsities consist.
Continue to approve the measures taken against the French ; but
25
194 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
hope the disputes may soon meet an honourable end ; the Council's
prudence and the Commanders' behaviour have merited success;
but the accidents of war and the uncertainty of allies might bring
the Company to ruin by defeat ; and as the French would probably
not have shown the moderation displayed by the English after
their success, we have more at stake than they. In consequence of
Cockell's death, the Committee is to consist of the President, the
Second in Council, and Lawrence. There are rumours that 5 or
6 men-of-war have sailed from Brest for India ; but cannot believe
the French contemplate a direct breach of the peace.
Empower Scott to approve or modify Brohier's plans for the
defences of Fort St. George.* In case of Scott's death, Brohier, of
whom the Company thinks highly, is to execute his plans with all
despatch. The Madras defences are of great concern to the
Company, and Scott should devote to them all the time he can
spare from other matters. Barracks for the troops should be set
about without delay, as also all necessary buildings and repairs.
The Madras works will cost much more than Robins estimated,
owing to the impossibility of using ' sodwork ' ; they must be
executed with the greatest economy. Will ' properly consider '
Brohier when he has made further progress with the works, as also
such of his assistants as may merit it. The materials of the
Portuguese church should be sold ; the square adjoining it may be
converted into officers' quarters or put to any other suitable use.
Need a report on the reasonableness of giving ' a gratification' for
the church and square before deciding about this matter. Consider
that a reasonable assessment should be made on the inhabitants
towards meeting the cost of the fortifications. As large new
spaces of ground will now be available for building, grants should
only be made on condition of a reasonable quit-rent. Approve the
prohibition of vessels lading or unlading at St. Thome instead of
at Madras. As the Black Town will have to be almost entirely
rebuilt, separate quarters should be assigned to the several castes.
Cannot find the result of the enquiry into the charges for building
the redoubt at St. Thome ; expect to hear that justice has been
done if there was any fraud. Desire an exact account of all
ordnance and stores on the Coast. Urge the importance of increas-
ing the revenues by encouraging trade and settlement.
* Copy of a short letter to Scott to this effect, dated January 24, 1753, forms p. 251
of Public Despatches from England, Vol. 56.
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 195
Trust that the writers superseded last year by the factors then
sent out will not consider it a hardship, as so few covenanted
servants were ' of an age fit for immediate business.' Servants
remiss in their duty to be called to account; 'the expensive
manner of living and the strong bias to pleasure' generally
prevalent must be checked. Junior servants to be encouraged to
learn Persian and other Country languages ; those who succeed in
this shall be particularly rewarded ; send some Persian books.
Are greatly displeased at Goodere's resignation without giving
notice or adjusting his accounts; but regarding the order to attach
his effects, he denies being indebted to the Company nor does it
as yet appear otherwise. In future every servant from the
Governor downwards is to give 12 months' notice of his intention
to quit India (except with the Company's special leave), and this
is to be publicly advertised so that all creditors may have due
warning ; free merchants must give a month's notice. So large an
allowance as £100 a year should not have been assigned to
Fairfield as Sub-Accountant without the Company's knowledge ;
but its continuance is sanctioned in view of the importance of the
office and Fairfield's assiduity. Palk is to proceed to Bombay
unless a vacancy has occurred. In the absence of the Second, the
Major (as Third of Council) takes place of all the rest ; Starke
should not have been given precedence of Heron during Cockell's
absence; but on an actual vacancy arising, the Fourth in Council
rises to be Second. The amounts due have been paid in London
to the representatives of the following deceased persons :— Charles
Dobbins (16 Pags.) ; Borlace Stacey (23 Pags.) ; Richard Turner
(581 Pags.) ; Charles Nicholls (1,337 Pags.) ; George Swinfen (431
Pags.). Errors in the Madras accounts. The books as kept before
1746 are to serve as models. As some of the old books of Standing
Orders are lost, desire copies of such as remain and a collection of
the Company's Standing Orders since the loss of Madras. The
book of Standing Orders is always to lie on the table whenever
Council meets. Consultations must be indexed and margined, and
be sent home by each conveyance. Monson has promised to pay
the 3,568 Pags. owed by him to the church-wardens of St. Mary's.
The French Jesuits in China alledge that the 20,000 Pags. deposit-
ed by them in the Company's cash at Madras in 1727 is
irredeemable ; however the papers show that this is not so ; the
bond is to be paid off with simple interest from the time when the
last payment was made, which is said to be March, 1746. Have
196 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
already paid off demands made for money lent to Morse, etc., at
Madras before that place was taken ; direct the following claims
to be paid off with simple interest provided Council is assured of
their validity : — bonds for 2,000 Pags. from the Church-wardens,
dated September 30, 1746; bond for 4,368 Pags. from the Corpora-
tion Stock of the same date ; bond for 5,000 Pags. from Peter
Boileau of October 1746 ; certificate, dated November 2, 1746, for
sundries supplied by Robert Sloper to the Storekeeper, 377
Pags. ; and a bond of the same date for 2,000 Arcot Rs. from
Solomon Salomons. Directions for securing valid releases for
these bonds. Order an examination into the claims of John Gray
for 2,567 Pags. and of Peter Dencker for 916 Pags. Have settled
accounts with Morse* and got a release which will bar any action
on his bonds for a total of 50,000 Pags. There is a claim on behalf
of the late Thomas Eyre for 3,562 Pags. ; but Morse's cash account
shows that he was advanced 4,000 Pags. on August 31, 1746, which
item is omitted in Eyre's account ; Morse says this advance was
made by transfer from Eyre's account as Sea-Customer to his
account as Paymaster ; order an enquiry.
Lewis d'lllens, Captain, George Hilfer, Second Lieutenant, and
about 70 subaltern officers and private Germans, now take their
passage. William Wells has been ordered to Bengal instead of
the Coast. Thomas Alfred and John Francis Paschoud to be
appointed to the first vacancies as Lieutenants of Artillery after
their arrival. Send 30 Swiss recruits. Send 60 recruits for Bengal
who should not be detained unless under absolute necessity ;
advise the return of the Bengal detachment now on the Coast as
the Bengal garrison is very weak. Are much concerned to hear of
Roman Catholics being found among the Swiss companies ; all
precautions were taken to prevent this ; believe Chabbert and
Schaub knew nothing of it. Are assured that all Swiss troops in
foreign service have the privilege of holding their own courts-
martial, and that this is the reason of the good discipline for which
they are famous ; if Chabbert and Schaub had been allowed this
privilege, the desertion of the Swiss would probably have been
avoided ; it is in future to be allowed. Care is to be taken to prevent
quarrels between the Swiss and the English ; good service can
be expected from the former only if they are well-treated. Kinneer
* Morse's account with the Company, showing a balance due to him of 51,395
Pags. (signed by him, and receipted by Richard Benyon and Aaron Franks acting as
his attornies), forms pp. 246-247 of Public Despatches from England, Vol. 56.
CALENDAR FOR 1 752-1753 107
reports difficulties because some of the Swiss Second Lieutenants
hold commissions of an earlier date than some of the First Lieute-
nants ; in future date of commission is to determine the rank only of
officers of the same grade. Kinneer requests that £100 a year may
be paid by the Company to his family in England out of his salary ;
this practice was laid aside many years ago as inconvenient ;
Kinneer in future must remit money to his family by the Com-
pany's bills or certificates ; meanwhile have advanced £25. Cap-
tain John de Morgan's pension of 25 Pags. a month may be
continued in consideration of his long services and inability to
support his large family. Approve the steps taken to suppress the
mutinous spirit among the officers, especially sending Lieutenant
Hockettto England; hope that Killpatrick will show gratitude for
the lenience he has been treated with. The Company's esteem for
Lawrence has been increased by the alacrity with which he took
command of the expedition to Trichinopoly on his arrival, and by
his soldier-like conduct there. Clive maybe assured of the Com-
pany's gratitude, for his courage and conduct to which ' the late
favourable turn in affairs has been greatly owing.' Also acknow-
ledge the merit of de Gingens and the other officers who have
shown their ability and courage. Desire to know why no answer
was returned to the Company's orders regarding Thomas Heath.
If he is unable or unwilling to serve under Scott or Brohier, he
is to be sent home. The King has granted a new Charter for the
administration of justice ; a separate despatch deals with it.
Have advanced d'lllens £250, to be repaid within 2 years.
Separate Despatch from the Company to Thomas
Saunders, etc. East India House. January 24, 1753.
[Public Despatches from England, Vol. 56, pp. 255 — 266 {Original
12 pp.)]
Counsel advised that the capture and possession of Madras by
the French abolished the powers granted to the Mayor's Court by
the Charter of 1726. His Majesty has accepted the surrender of
that Charter and granted a new one which amends the defects dis-
covered by experience in the old. Now send an exemplification of
the new Charter under the great seal, with two written copies of it
and of the surrender of the old one. The latter takes effect within
30 days of the receipt of the new Charter at Madras. A Court is
erected consisting of a Mayor and 9 Aldermen. These are to
assemble on the first Tuesday in every December and nominate
I98 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
two persons, one of whom shall be chosen by the President and
Council as Mayor for the ensuing year, from December 20. Vacan-
cies among the Aldermen to be filled up by the President and
Council ; persons refusing to serve shall pay a reasonable fine ; all
vacancies to be filled before the Aldermen proceed to the election
of a Mayor. The Court has power to determine all civil suits arising
within their jurisdiction except those between Indians and those
under the value of 5 Pags. If the Mayor or any Alderman is
interested in a suit, he shall not sit or act as a Judge ; in suits
where the Judges are equally divided, the Mayor (or in his absence
the senior Alderman) shall have a casting vote. The President and
Council to choose a Sheriff for the ensuing year on the first
Tuesday in December. The Court shall examine Christians upon
oath, Quakers upon affirmation, and Indians according to caste
custom. Provision is made for suits against the Mayor and Sheriff
and for the Company to sue and be sued. All effects of suitors
ordered into Court are to be deposited in the Company's cash,
where they shall remain subject to the orders of the Court ; a
covenanted servant is to be appointed to keep account of the same
under the title of Accountant-General. The Court is empowered
to frame Rules of Practice and appoint clerks, etc., subject to the
Company's approval ; and the Company has power to make rules
for the better administration of justice. Fees payable are to be
fixed by the Court and Council. Appeals lie to the President and
Council ; and further appeals to the King in Council in causes over
1,000 Pags. in value.
A Court of Requests is established to hear all suits to the value
of 5 Pags. and under; the President and Council name the first
Commissioners, and on the first Thursday in every December half
the Commissioners go out and an equal number must be named in
their stead. The President and all Members of Council* are
appointed Justice of the Peace, and Commissioners of Oyer and
Terminer, and Gaol delivery. All proceedings (civil and crimi-
nal) depending on the arrival of the Charter are to be continued
under the new Charter. The Charter, and all orders the Company
may give under it, are to be studied and obeyed. The oaths are to
be taken and any vacancies filled up within 30 days of the receipt
of the Charter. Vacancies are to be filled with such covenanted
* Under the Charter of 1726, the President and five senior members of Council
were made Justices of the Peace.
CALENDAR FOR 1752-1753 199
servants as are duly qualified, and other persons are to be ap-
pointed only in their default. When the offices have been filled up
and the oaths taken, the President and Council, with the Mayor,
Aldermen and Sheriff, are to proclaim the establishment of the new
Courts, etc. The Mayor, etc., are also to fix court-days and make
Rules of Practice. The article in theCharter regarding the evidence
of Indians was inserted because it is believed that certain castes
would not take oaths ; but the weight of evidence given by Indians
upon affirmation must depend upon its intrinsic probability and
the credit of the witness. Transmit an instrument obliging the
Company to be answerable for suitor's effects deposited in the
Company's cash. Authorise the President and Council to appoint
an Accountant-General ; send as models the forms in which
receipts, etc., are given in the Chancery accounts with the Bank of
England. The allowances to be made to the Accountant-General
and the Register of the Mayor's Court for keeping these accounts
should be proportionate to the trouble involved ; desire the
Council's opinion as to what will be reasonable.
Send a copy of the instructions for procedure in the various
Courts, as those sent out in 1726 may have been lost. The rules
therein prescribed are to be followed more exactly than hereto-
fore. For instance, bills of complaint and answers are not to be
prolix or libellous ; attorneys who draw improper bills, etc., are to be
made to amend them at their own cost; special rejoinders to a
general answer are not to be allowed, according to the practice
of the English Courts of Equity. Transmit a copy of the despatch
sent out with the Charter of 1726* together with some law-books.t
Also send copies of the recent Act for the better prevention of
murder, action under which may be adopted if thought useful.
The Court of Requests established in imitation of the several
Courts lately set up in English cities and boroughs. Send Regu-
lations drawn up by the Company concerning it. Officers of the
Court to be few and fees low. The Commissioners should remem-
ber that the faithful discharge of their duty may be a blessing to
the people. Send copies of the Acts establishing similar Courts in
* Copy of this despatch (dated February 17, 1727), forms pp 271 — 275 of Public
Despatches from England, Vol. 56.
t The list of the packet {Public Despatches from England, Vol. 56, pp. 253-254)
shows the following :— Cay's Abridgement of the Statutes, ■> 2 vols., fol. ; Hawkins'
Pleas of the Crown ; Barlow's Justice, fol. ; Blackerby's Justice, 2 vols. ; Office of a
Clerk of Peace.
200 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
England, with special instructions regarding processes and orders
of the Court. At first all moneys paid into Court may be lodged
with the clerk ; should these ever become considerable, he should
give security for their safe custody. Any plaintiff suing in the
Mayor's Court for matter not exceeding 5 Pags. shall be allowed
no costs.
Should experience bring to light any defects in the new
Charter (for the best-concerted undertakings often fall short of
their institution), these should be reported to the Company.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1753-1754.
ABSTRACT OF DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE
Company. Fort St. George. October 29, 1753. Re-
ceived MAY 7, 1754. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters Received,
Vol. 5, pp. 409—418. {India Office transcript.)}
Cite despatch of April 19. Acknowledge the receipt of
despatches, dated December 15, 1752 and January 24, 1753, and
Secretary's letters of December 29, 1752.
The China ships' movements. The Montfort, Port field, Falmouth,
Egmont, Elizabeth and Dragon have arrived on the Coast and
proceeded to Bengal. Some of the Falmouth's crew were mutinous.
The sloops Syren and Sea Horse built at Bombay, being for the
Bengal river service, have proceeded thither. The Prince George
will be sent to Sumatra. Other shipping news. 'Delawar's cargo. —
Have been obliged to supply with saltpetre what it wants in bales.
The Northern factories that used to furnish 1,000 or 1,200 bales
having sent in only 330, their precarious situation would not admit
of their desiring any more than the Durrington to be dispatched
hence in January.' The new method of investment started in
Bengal may give rise to difficulties, and it is feared that 4 or 5 ships
will be detained there for want of cargo. It is unreasonable of
Bengal to expect 2 of their ships to be employed entirely by
Madras so late in the season, without offering to provide any of the
the capital needed for their employment. In future to prevent loss
by demurrage, both Bengal and Madras should co-operate in
providing mixed cargo for such ships. ' Freights offered for the
Scarborough and Hardwicke must be allowed very large by those
conversant in the trade of India and were higher than what usually
paid in Bengal. Warwick's China freight was proportioned thereto
and to the Royal Guardian's formerly. 16 or 18 per cent respond-
entia on these voyages exposes them often to loss.' Tonnage on
hand may be employed in bringing rice from Bengal or timber and
plank from Pegu. ' Ships importing at foreign places to the south-
ward having greatly affected the revenues, instances were thereupon
made to the Bay in this respect who urge the reaping up an obsolete
order, the troubles in this country and goods laying unsold for many
years ; reasons given for the insufficiency of those allegations, as
26
202 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
well as the propriety of increasing the Company's rather than the
revenues of foreigners. An instance given of a cargo of rice sold
at Pondicherry from the Britannia, Captain Widdrington, and a
second contracted for though he was advised a better price would
be given at Fort St. David. More remarks of this kind could be
offered. They hope for the recommendation of their views merely
for the increase of the Company's revenues'. Advances, etc., to
Captain Winter of the Delawar. Enclose an account of the private
trade landed this season from the Europe ships.
Small deficiencies, etc., in treasure and gold. Have been obliged
to retain 32 chests of Bengal treasure. Have received 1,000 barrels
of gunpowder from Bombay and SO chests from Bengal. The
latter was fit only for salutes. 'Gold sent was very serviceable.
Request the continuance of that consignment.' ' Slaves.— 167
received per Dragon, 70 whereof were supplied from the Swallow.
Captain Kent has been paid commission on the whole, but
Mr. Morgan abated 5 5. each on the latter. The Doctor has been
allowed headmoney as orderd. The men are trained to the
military and women sent to the West Coast.' ' Diamond merchants
are allowed to send their consignments to Bengal. Custom and
consulage having been demanded there a second time, certificates
have been granted of the payment of those duties here, to Messrs
Walsh and Vansittart to exempt them from a second charge which
they have before paid at both [?] places. ' Sa le of the remains of the
Madagascar cargoes by the Dragon and Delawar. ' Broadcloth
medleys received for 3 years are all mildewed though cases and
package seem good.' ' Sugar of the new project from Fort Marl-
bro. — A small parcel receivd appeard neat and good and sold at
16 Pags. per candy, being then the price of the best Batavia
sortment.' Captain Winter complained justly that the redwood
sent aboard his ship was bad. It was bought in Floyer's time.
'Arms designed for Bengal. — Their necessities have urged them to
land the greatest part here-' ' Mint.— Directions given for observing
the nicest exactness in it with regard to the standard of coins.
Some dollars now sent (with the musters of gold and silver) to prove
that silver is annually debased. It is requested the bullion yearly
sent may be assayed.' ' Weights and scales have been regulated.
Copper hoops really were stolen, not embezzled. ' Timber and
plank for the fortifications per Delawar and Prince George from
Batavia is cheap. The latter is orderd thither again for another
parcel after leaving the West Coast.' Copper sold at 90 Pags.;
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 203
lead at II Pags. 6 fms.; and iron at 13 Pags. a candy. 'Broadcloth
sold last year ; several bales laying in the warehouse till paid for,
being damaged by the storm and rejected by the purchasers,
agreed to resell the same.' ' Broadcloth. — 285 bales sent more than
indented for. All endeavours shall be used to promote the vend of
it. Last year's parcel though all sold, mostly remains in the place.
The prices arefollowd [?] ; the sale of what came this year deferred
till January, believing it would not go off.' ' Madeira wine, found
on a survey to be properly stowd, had leaked %V2 pipes which is
referred to the Court. What sent to subordinates fixed at 60 Pags.
The average price at jutcry here was more than 69 Pags. per pipe.'
' Warehouses by last year's late dispatch being cleared to 18th
April, thereby making that season's more considerable, lessens the
present investment ; besides the effect the ravages of armies have
on it, which before the War were as distant as Tritchanopoly. Fort
St. David till a few months past blockd up from January ;
the communication with Salem, where much cloth now lays,
too precarious to risk it ; and parties continually plundering
about Chingalaput, etc., have been of great hurt ; and little cloth
to be got except near Tanjore ; all settlements here equally
affected.' ' Northern settlements wherein greatest dependance
was had unexpectedly fail, from the war there, in 900 bales ; or
they had not been far short of the usual tonnage. The Residents
of Bandarmoulanka and Ingeram give hopes of returns for the
large supplies sent and if the jarring Country powers about
Vizagapatam should agree, as there are hopes, it is probable a
large parcel may offer towards the dispatch of another ship.'
' Fine goods being too dear, an abatement of 5 per cent insisted on
from the contractors Linga and Servannah Chittees ; who refusing
the provision, offered to Tellisinga and Gundaveddy ; when the two
former's request for being continued was granted, as their exclusion
might embarrass the provision of goods.' 'Chints orderd to be
made according to those of Vizagapatam remarkable for colours ;
the cloth thought too course and dear and painting ill done ; a
future trial will be made.'
'Colonel Scott. — On the first notice of his appointment, plans of
the works at St. David orderd to be laid before him and his direc-
tions to be followed. He surveyed and approved them according
to Mr. Robins' scheme. On viewing the fortifications here, part
of Mr. Robins' plan was adopted by him, rejecting fortifying the
whole Black Town and enlarging the White one. This will be a
204 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
great addition but very expensive. Mr. Brohier's letter hereupon
referred to and directions will be waited for, as the works to the
westward can't be finished before they may be received.' ' Bricks
being greatly diminished in size, from whence a large expense in
chunam arises, they are at Mr. Brohier's instance ordered to be
made of the standard size which will be a great saving.' ' Works
at St. David much impeded by the enemys continuing so long
near it, as well as from the want of such large quantities of bricks
and chunam as they require.' ' Repairs. — Amount of them swelled
by the ruinous state this place was found in.' Have ordered
changes in the form of Brohier's accounts, so that the expense of
each building may be distinguished. ' Barracks. — The building
them deferrd on Mr. Brohier's opinion that when the works are
finishd the properest place may be fixd on. The Hospital for the
present answers this purpose and some houses in the Pettah are
fitted up for the sick.' ' Security of the Island. — For preventing its
becoming a morass from the freshes during the monsoon is a work
Mr. Brohier has now on hand. This arises from a neglect of it for
several years.' The Portuguese Church cost 35,000 Pags. If
a compensation is awarded, it should be to Padre Severini.
Materials used or sold have been credited to the Church. The
square will be used for officers' quarters. ' Confiscated houses and
one pulled down before loss of Madrass. — The restitution demanded
for them referrd to the Court. Mr. Morse intimates retaliation
was made for those pulled down.' ' Garden house. — One purchased
for the Governor of Mrs. Medeiros for 3,500 Pags. being very
cheap.' ' Vizagapatam works not having been reported by Colonel
Scott, nothing can be said thereon. His designs are reported to
differ from those of Mr. Robins.' ' Mr. Brohier has been desired
to wait the Court's promisd consideration of his services, on
desiring an allowance as Engineer.' Have deferred assessment
to pay for the works, as they will take some years to complete, and
as the people have not yet recovered from the loss of Madras.
'Jagoo. — Chintadre Pettah Pagoda has been confirmed to him.
These religious edifices, having their foundation by Governor's
dubashes from oppression to the enriching of worthless people that
would be punished if they had their deserts, public notice has been
given forbidding any more to be built.' It was with difficulty that
Poonamallee was let for 35,000 Pags., the same as last year.
The renters will be pressed for arrears. Unserviceable guns sent
home as kintledge.
CALENDAR FOR 1753-T754 205
'Colonel Scott. — The directions for his reception and treatment
here and at the subordinates complied with. Major Lawrence has
been acquainted he is not to go to Bengal while the Colonel com-
mands there. Mr. Robins' assistants remain. — Mr. Knapton at the
Negrais; Mr. Call at St. David; Mr. Preston Lieutenant at Arcot ;
Mr. O'Hara gone with the Colonel to the Bay; and Mr. Heath will
be under his direction.' 4 Messrs. Pyne, Smith, Dalrymple, and
Davidson, writers, arrivd and employed suitable to their capacity.'
'Artillery companys. — Two have been formed according to order,
under Captains D'lllens and Brohier. A small Train also at Vizaga-
patam commanded by a Lieutenant. The ignorance and disobedi-
ence of the Germans greatly complained of. English are greatly to
be preferred to Swiss or Germans. The former have many real
Frenchmen among them. The Swiss are tryed by their own officers
and enjoy the privileges directed. Quarrels between these and the
English troops shall be prevented.' ' Recruits sent arrivd in
good health and were well treated. Some disputes arose between
Captain D'lllens and Captain Vincent. It appeard the former's
men behaved ill. By Mr. Margas's report, this difference sup-
posd to arise from French officers generally carrying command
aboard ship, when on English ships they are deemd passengers
only.' ' Captains D'lllens, Ridge, etc., officers arrivd rank as
per their brevets. Lieutenant Barker remains here ; and Lieuten-
ant Alford is gone to Bengal at Colonel Scott's desire.' 'Swiss
recruits are incorporated in the three companies of that nation.'
'Recruits for Bengal detained through necessity. They shall
be sent thither when affairs permit.' ' Volunteers. — Several
persons have been entertained as such on the necessity of
supplying vacancies of officers with them preferably to Serjeants.
The conduct of such as have been promoted has convinced them
it is a right measure.' ' Mr. Ardley from the West Coast now
ranks here, according to his standing.' ' Mr. Charles Bourchier is
taken into Council and appointed Rental-General, Scavenger and
Military Storekeeper. He has desired to resign the Secretary's
post after this ship's despatch. Mr. Josias Dupre is to succeed
him and Mr. Claud Russell to be Sub-Secretary.' ' Mr. Hopkins
appointed Chief of Devecottah. In his passage thither from
Vizagapatam, was drove to Atcheen and did not arrive here till
lately where he proceeded immediately to his charge. ' Mr. Dawson
has had the management there during this interval.' ' Mr. Drake
being appointed supravisor to the West Coast, Mr. Pybus was
•*
206 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
named to be Third of Council at St. David. But the former refusing
to proceed, Mr. Pybus was fixt on in his room ; and Mr. Hugh Norris
succeeds as Third at St. David and Civil and Military Paymaster.'
' Officers dead since last address. — Captain James Chace, Lieuten-
ants Jas. Trusler of his wounds, Jas. Symmonds, Hy. a Moinichen
and William Wilkie, killd; Henry Munro, Alexander Kirk, killd ;
Ensigns Jacob Crow, Martin Harrison and Joseph Clack, killd;
Samuel Melotte and William Holt died of their wounds ; Lieuten-
ant Hilfer of Artillery killd ; and Ensign Polier, dead.' 'Captain
Sanderson of the Bengal detachment, at his request, returns
thither to settle his affairs. Lieutenant Keene's desire to
resign his commission has also been complyed with.' ' Military
promotions : — Lieutenants Thomas Grenville and John Grant to
companies; Lieutenant Charles Campbell to a Captain-Lieuten-
ancy ; Lieutenant Sampson Morrice made Quartermaster of Foot
at camp ; Ensigns Christopher Fisher, A. Preston, Arthur Nelson
and Joseph Sommers to Lieutenancies; and Voluntiers, J. B.
d'Apscher, Jno. Perceval, William Rumbold, Thomas Rumbold,
Jno. North, Andrew Craig, and Richard Black made Ensigns ;
also Lieutenant Pero of Artillery appointed Captain-Lieutenant
of the Train at Fort Marlbro ; Lieutenant Robert Revell of
Artillery promoted as Quartermaster of the Train at camp ; and
Serjeant William Matthews for his bravery made a Third
Lieutenant of Artillery.' ' Pension of 5 Pags. a month granted the
widow of Lieutenant Moinichin, a gallant officer who died bravely
in defence of Trivady. She has one child, is big with another
and in necessity.' ' Sea-faring men being wanted, Robert Todd
and James Bound allowd to stay in that capacity.' ' John Palmer
of great merit and qualifications, formerly a monthly writer,
continued as an assistant without pay. Former recommendation
of him as a writer strenuously repeated. His petition enclosed.'
' Depravity of manners, profuseness and dissolute behaviour shall
be discouraged and resented.' 'Covenant servants. — A chearful
attachment to the Company's interest wanting in some of them.
This is contrary to their covenants which oblige them to attend
wherever it shall be thought necessary, and is very ungrateful.'
' Supravisors for the West Coast. — Mr. Perceval, being newly
appointed Mayor, could not proceed as such. Messrs. Walsh
and Drake were thereupon appointed. The latter, after trifling
and prevaricating for 6 weeks, declined on pretence of indis-
position, which not rendering him incapable of his duty, he is
CALENDAR FOR I753-I754 2°7
orderd to the Presidency and Mr. Pybus goes to the West Coast
in his stead.' ' Council in camp. — Major Lawrence esteeming two
necessary, and it being of the greatest inconvenience to spare
more than one, Mr. Thomas Cooke invested with this commission.
After giving insufficient reasons, he scandalously insisted on a
reward of 1,000 Pags. His obedience being on pain of suspension
insisted on, he proceeds. They are sorry to instance so mercenary
a conduct instead of an honest hearty zeal for the Company's
service.' ' Bond to Mr. Powney, church-warden, was burnt.
Confirmation thereof delivered by the church-wardens in a paper
signed by Messrs. Morse, Eyre and Harris. The claim being
just, it will be paid.' ' Demand of 3,000 Pags. with 8 % interest
made on account of the Charity school. That sum was receivd
7th May 1746 on those terms as per cash account. Being restrained
paying other sums than those mentioned in the letter of the
24th January 1753, it is referrd to the Court.' 'Bond to Joseph
Fowke, Mayor and Alderman of Madrass, dated 30th September
1746, remains in the Company's books, the present Corporation
having declined the receipt thereof.' ' Bond to the Church stock
from Mr. Monson is discharged.' ' Mr. Eyre, late Paymaster and
Sea customer. — The clearest statement of his accounts with their
opinion on them is deferrd till January that Mr. Morse and
Mr. Perceval, the executor, may look over them.' ' Mr. Eyre. —
The balance of his accounts as Paymaster of Pags. 3,562-15-78
has been refused Mr. Perceval, his executor. When they have
scrutinised into them, they will give their opinion on this demand.'
1 Mr. Goodere's account currant will appear plainly on the
Vizagapatam books. It was his duty to have left his station with
regular decency and justice to his own reputation.' 'Debt from
Mr- John Stratton on Vizagapatam books. — Payment thereof has
been demanded of his heirs whose desire for time to be advisd
whether it has not been already settled in England has been
complied with. Amount Pags. 2,592-0-78.' 'Subordinates. — No
person hereafter shall be permitted to leave them without first
settling his accounts, and such as succeed, if remiss in seeing
it done, to be responsible.' 'Major Kinneer. — What advancd
in England may be reimbursd from the certificates now sent.'
' Peter Dencker's demand seems just from the accounts transmit-
ted; signed by Messrs. Morse, Monson and Harris.' Maintenance
of books, etc.
Sumatra affairs.
208 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
1 Justices and Mayor and Aldermen sworn. Vacancies of the
latter named in the Charter supplied. Commissioners of the Court
of Request nominated, officers of the several Courts appointed and
fees regulated. The Charter was publishd within 30 days after
its receipt. A Court of Oyer and Terminer was held the first
instant; and the Courts of Record and Request meet weekly.
Mr. William Perceval is Mayor'; Messrs. J. Walsh, S. Greenhaugh,
G. Mackay, A. Ross, A. Munro, E. Edwards, R. Fairfield, J. Brown-
ing, and J. Smith, Aldermen. The Commissioners of the Court of
Requests are Messrs. H. Norris, H. Vansittart, C. Turner
J. Alexander, C. Simpson, J. Bourchier, J. Munro and F. Taylor.'
' Mayor's Court expenses. — 600 Pags. advanced for them. Their
fund being in cash, their monthly charges will be defrayed.'
1 Town Hall being tumbled down and no place for the Court, orders
are waited for rebuilding it.' ' Commission fontrying pirates of the
Fifth of His present Majesty. They request to be informed whether
it is in force.'
Supplement : ' Redoubt at St. Thome which exceeded Mr.
Robins' estimate considerably ; Mr. King, Paymaster and the
overseer of the work being gone home, a survey of it by Captain
Brohier enclosd makes this ill-conducted work Pags. 592-32-31
less than it was charged at. A large expense arose on cooly hire
for bricks that might have been made on the spot, but no direct
fraud appears.' Requested Bengal to send a ship to the Negrais
to relieve the Colchester, as Hunter considers that a Europe ship
should always be with them. ' An organ, it is desired, may be
permitted to be sent them and passage granted to an organist.'
' Permission money. — They desire directions whether it is to be
demanded for children going to Europe for education. Passengers
on this ship are Captains DeGingins and Clarke, Mrs. Cassamaijor
and four children.' The Delaivar's cargo which consists of 1,108
bales, saltpetre and redwood, amounts to 123,227 Pags.; diamonds
registered, 99,823 Pags. ; and Captain's private trade, 2,970 Pags.
The cash balance on hand is 45,759 current Pags. and 520 Madras
Pags. ; and in the Treasury 13,91,169 Arcot Rs. and 10,000 current
Pags.
Postcript : Bills drawn on the Company for 5,575 Pags. ; and
certificates for 177 Pags. on account of the estate of J. Trenwith,
1,572 Pags. for William Lefevre's, 1,052 Pags. for Samuel Tat[h]
am's and 1,026 Pags. for J. E. Cooper's estates.
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 209
Separate Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. George. October 29, 10^3. [Public If.
Despatches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 52 — 65. {Copy 13^2 pp.)
Damaged in places. Also Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters Received,
Vol. 5, pp. 419—422. (India Office transcript.)]
Have reserved political and military affairs for separate treat-
ment. Have just received news, dated September 20, of the
expedition to the Negrais : Hunter arrived there April 26, and at
once landed some of his forces. After 2 or 3 days he found good
"water in the south-east of the island, and cleared the ground there
for his settlement. But his coffrees mutinied, seized arms and
ammunition, and took to the woods; 10 have since been captured,
and most of the others are believed to have been starved or
drowned in an attempt to escape to Pegu. Hunter believes the
King of Pegu's promises to be dictated solely by his fear of the
Burmese Prince, who has a strong army and is thought likely to
recover the kingdom ; nor has the King of Pegu much influence
with his own people. Hunter desires that a Residency should
be established at Persaine, as the principal settlement. He
desires a supply of men, etc., and permission to leave the Negrais
during the sickly season, as his health is bad. He has sent some
timber he thinks fit for gun-carriages. The coffree mutiny 'which
we were greatly apprehensive of ' will have hindered the progress of
the buildings ; and the labourers must be replaced. Hunter's diary
is too long to be copied in time to be sent by this ship. The King
of Pegu was at first hostile ; the settlement will doubtless prejudice
the port of Syrian ; and as the King cannot be trusted, the place
should be fortified and garrisoned without delay. Then neither the
Burmese nor the Peguans will be able to dislodge us ; but an open
rupture should be avoided, and our conduct should be such as to
show that we intend no evil to the kingdom. The climate of the
Negrais is reported unhealthy, especially in the monsoon ; but as the
people aboard ships lying a short way off shore had neither fevers
nor fluxes, it is thought that the island may be healthy when
cleared of jungle. There is good water; and plenty of turtle may
be had on Diamond island, a short way off. As there is no one
suitable to replace Hunter, he will be advised to live at Persaine
or Syrian during the monsoon. Shall leave Hunter to decide
whether or not to make Persaine the head-quarters. Will cultivate
trade to the utmost ; but no immediate benefit can be expected.
Hunter has not yet been able to ascertain whether the place is
27
2io THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
suited to repair and careen large vessels. Have desired Fort
William to send a ship to replace the Colchester, with lascars and
work-people, rice and provisions. Shall send 30 soldiers thither,
and 2 palankins as a present for the King.
At the request of the King of Tavoy, who fears the Dutch
settlers who have been attracted by the supplies of tin, Captain
M'Eachern hoisted the British colours there and took formal
possession, with a grant of exclusive trade to the English. As the
Council thinks that friendship with the King can do no harm,
although the Company does not trade thither, they have agreed to
his proposals with the exception of sending military stores. The
place exports the finest tin, rice, ivory, cardomums, wax, etc.
News has been received, dated September 22, from Delhi, that
the Vizier Munsur Ali Khan, has rebelled against the Emperor,
Ahmad Khan ; but, after plundering Delhi of 7 crores of rupees,
the rebels have been driven out of the city. The Marathas are
using their claim to the chauth (which exceeds or falls short of a
quarter of the revenues according to the relative strength of the
parties) to interfere in these quarrels. They are plundering in most
parts of the Empire ; Balaji Rao accompanied Ghazi-ud-din to
Aurangabad ; after Ghazi-ud-din's death he made peace with Sala-
bat Jang on condition of receiving large jaghirs, and then marched
towards the Carnatic, where (he assured the Governors of both
Madras and Bombay) he intended to assist Muhammad Ali Khan.
But he suddenly turned aside into Mysore, which he ravaged till
the King agreed to make peace for 25 lakhs of rupees. He declares
that he will come into the Carnatic after the next monsoon, and is
now at Poona, having marched over a great tract of country and
gained 2 crores of rupees in his campaign.
After peace was made with the Marathas, the French urged
Salabat Jang to march into the Carnatic ; but the nobles of his Court
opposed this, and persuaded him to go to Aurangabad where he
still remains. Out of jealousy he has imprisoned his brothers in
the fortress of Daulatabad ; and is said to be short of money with
which to pay his troops. Saiyid Lashkar Khan has been restored to
favour and is said to be friendly towards Muhammad Ali Khan
and [hostile ?] to the French. Believe this to be true, for soon after-
wards they were dismissed and marched to Hyderabad ; but when
disputes arose again with Balaji Rao, they were recalled. They
have been reinforced from Pondichery, where every effort has been
made to induce the Swiss and English prisoners to take service
CALENDAR FOR I753"I754 211
with Bussy, although Dupleix has always pretended to regard them
as hostages, not prisoners. The Moghal is said to have granted the
Deccan to Ghazi-ud-din Khan's son ; but the troubles at Delhi have
prevented his march.
When Lawrence was still before the French entrenchments at
Tiruviti, Captain John Dalton, who had always reported there was
4 months' provision in Trichinopoly, suddenly wrote that he had
only 15 clays' store. His garrison moreover had been weakened
by the loss of near 70 men and by the absence of a topass detach-
ment which had been sent out but was unable to return. Lawrence
at once marched, leaving Captain Chace in Tiruviti with 170 men.
At first Chace repulsed the French attacks, but later sent a party
of 70 men out too far and lost them all. When the French renewed
their attacks, the garrison, which was ' under no command '
released the French prisoners and gave up the place. The French
then completed the occupation of that part of the country by taking
Chidambaram and Vriddhachalam. At Arcot, Captain Sanderson
sent a party so near to Vellore that it was routed and Lieutenant
Joseph Smith with some of his men taken prisoners.
Lawrence visited the King of Tanjore who received him well
and promised help, but no troops were sent till after a second visit.
Various skirmishes took place round Trichinopoly ; and on
September 21, there was a general action in which the French
were routed with a loss of 70 Europeans killed and 100 with 7
officers taken prisoners. About as many more were sent wounded
to Pondichery. The Nawab and poligars are very dilatory in
provisioning Trichinopoly ; so we are having to attend to this our-
selves. By the last report from Lawrence, he was in the Tanjore
territories. The Nawab has not been able to collect enough
revenues to fulfil his contract to pay the expenses of the troops,
which amount to nearly a lakh of rupees a month. This is a
burden too great for us to bear, yet, if we do not, the French will
immediately have the province. The Nawab's debt is now near
20 lakhs. The revenues of the Company's new acquisitions are
nearly 2 lakhs a year.
As regards the future, Balaji Rao's coming is uncertain, and
if he comes, it will be for motives ol gain. In the Carnatic, the
French, Mysore and Morari Rao command troops exceeding in
number those of the English, the Nawab and Tanjore. But the
French troops have behaved ill in most field-engagements. Of the
212 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Country forces Moijari Rao's are the best. The Nawab's and the
Mysore troops take up much room but do nothing. Peace is undoubt-
edly most desirable. The Nawab has been pressed to make peace
with the Country powers ; and Lawrence and Palk were empowered
to treat for the English, but nothing could be settled. Lawrence
then desired two of Council to be sent to camp ; this could not be
done, so Cooke was sent, but this also seems to have been fruitless.
The Mysore Vakil tells Saunders that his master cannot treat open'y
in camp for fear of offending the French. The Nawab also sa) s
he can do nothing in camp, and has empowered the President, etc.,
to treat with the Mysore Vakil. The King of Mysore demands
Trichinopoly ; the Nawab will agree to anything but that. The
Nawab certainly has no right to cede Trichinopoly, and it should
not be done except of absolute necessity. The King would give
very advantageous terms, including the repayment of the Nawab's
debt to the Company. Will do everything possible to find a middle
course, although the cession of Trichinopoly would probably not
affect the Company's investment at Salem, as that would make the
King as firm a friend to the English as an Eastern Prince can be.
But even should peace be made with the Country powers, matters
would still have to be settled with the French. Last year the Nawab
made proposals which were rejected. He has now empowered
the Council to treat with Dupleix ; and it has been proposed
that the basis of peace shall be the recognition of Muhammad Ali
as Nawab and the security of the King of Tanjore. Dupleix has
replied that this would give all the advantages to the English, and
has proposed a conference. In return the Council have inquired
what his alternative proposals are. Doubt Dupleix' intentions
regarding peace. The suggested conference is probably intended
to cause suspicion amongst the Nawab's allies. For the last three
years Dupleix has been repeatedly brought very low, but has
preferred any alternative to entering into a Treaty ; the recruits
he receives from Europe are doubled by the drafts he takes
out of the French shipping. Six months ago his expenditure was
believed to have amounted to 120 lakhs ; and this seems to indicate
that he is receiving support from the State, and not merely from
the Company. Moreover when he is grasping at the government
of the country from Cape Comorin to Point Palmyras, how can he
be content to share in a free commerce with other nations ? On the
contrary, once he has secured the Carnatic, he will proceed to the
conquest of other parts of India.
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 213
Cannot get exact information of the French outward and inward
cargoes, as the ships often put in at the Islands. Believe Q ships
came out this year and I now returning. A Portuguese ship, the
Royal Galley, which left Lisbon on May 2, put into Fort St. David
on October 8, and her supercargoes applied to have their bullion
coined. This was refused, so they proceeded to Pondichery. She
is said to be bound for Bengal and Surat.
As Starke is at Fort St. David, and Lawrence in camp writes
that he will obey no orders but those of the Governor and Council,
the latter have resolved that the Private Committee is useless, and
so have dissolved it. Regret the difficulties with Lawrence, but
the Council's orders are always conceived solely in the interests of
the Company. Urge the need of supplies.
DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
Fort St. George. February 7, 1754. [Public Despatches
to England, Vol. 21, pp. 18— 22 (Copy 5 pp.)]
This goes by the Dragon. Cite general despatch [of October
29> 1753] by the Delawar. Shipping news. The French are
despatching 1 and the Danes 2 ships for Europe. Could not sell
the broadcloth by public outcry but will try again next month.
David Hunter died at the Negrais on December [24I, 1753 and
Henry Brooke takes his place. The Negrais is extremely unhealthy
except on ship-board in the harbour. Many of the work people are
dead and only half the soldiers ar3 fit for duty. Provisions are
scarce and have to be sent from Madras or Bengal, and the works
are backward. The Treaty with the Pegu King is incomplete. He
has sent his Minister Coja Necoos but is not reconciled to this
settlement and hopes that the difficulties will compel the English
to give it up. Its harbour is reported to be unapproachable except
at particular seasons. The place is not as favourable to trade as
was first represented. Have therefore instructed Brooke merely to
hold it, but meanwhile to procure from the King an exclusive right
to Persaine, a place eminently suited for a settlement. Major
Lawrence's health has been broken down by continuous service
for 2 years. Have written to Bengal to relieve him. Though
the Emperor has defeated the Vizier, the troubles have not ended.
The French have rejoined Salabat Jang and the Nana is at
Poona. Salabat Jang is said to be coming southwards, but he is
distressed for money and is afraid of rebellion. In consequence of
of the arrears due to the French, he has granted them the countries
il4 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
of Rajahmundry and Chicacole which they will probably usurp as
their own. Nawab Jaffar Ali Khan is defying their authority and
the French have to force him to obedience if they are to be
benefitted by the grant. The Nawab's army was cantoned for the
winter on the Tanjore frontier. The French attacked Trichinopoly
but were repulsed with a loss of 400 Europeans. The Marathas
attempted to plunder the Tanjore country, but they have been
forced to retire. The Nawab's troops are near Trichinopoly cover-
ing convoys of provisions. The French are at Srirangam. Hear
that Balaji Rao is coming here and is said to have offered, if he
does not come in person, to send the Nawab 20,000 horse ; but all
this is verv uncertain.
A peace Conference has been held at Sadras — Palk and Van-
sittart for the Nawab, and Father Lavaur, du Bausset and Kerjean
for the Country powers and the French. The English proposed
that Muhammad Ali Khan should be confirmed as the Nawab of
Arcot, that the King of Tanjore should be left undisturbed, and that
in return Muhammad Ali should cede to the French districts equal
to those held by the English and allow free commerce to both
nations. The French rejected it and refused to recognise Muham-
mad Ali, and proposed that the Nawab should give up his claims,
that JDupleix should be Governor of the entire country from Cape
Comorin to Point Palmyras, including Rajahmundry and Chicacole
and that the English shall have their annual tribute for Madras
remittedi have Poonamallee, and secure their debts. The French
produced several sanads. On examination one sanad was found
to be sealed with a seal dated 1733 ; on this being pointed out, the
French pretended that it was a mere duplicate and that the
original, dated 1751, was at Pondichery. But they refused to permit
further scrutiny. Dupleix' offers may seem tolerable, but neither
he nor Salabat Jang can fulfil them ; and they would involve submit-
ting to illegal authority, betraying the Nawab, and ruining the Com-
pany's settlements. The Conference has broken off. It is evident
that Dupleix' plans extend to the whole Coast, and no peace can be
expected. "Urge the despatch of as many recruits as possible, for
1 on a superiority of force depends entirely the very existence of
your settlements.'
Diamonds registered amount to Pags. 3,518-24-0 and private
trade to 1,300 Pags. Bills have been drawn on the Company
for Pags. 733-24-32.
CALENDAR FOR I753~i;54 215
Appended are : — Register of diamonds, manifest of private
trade, lists of the packet and sailing orders for Captain Henry
Kent of the Dragon.
Abstract of Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the
Company. Fort St. George. March 9, 1754. Received
OCTOBER 5, 1754. [Coast and Bay Abstracts, Letters Received,
Vol. 5, pp. 458 — 462 {India Office transcript.)]
Cite their despatch by the Dragon. This goes by the Durring-
ton which takes bales and 60 tons of saltpetre at half-freight.
China and Bombay shipping. 'Pass promised them 23rd
January 1750 is desired lest the form of that now used should be
defective.'
Enquire of the cost of the assay utensils and the chest of glass
sent by the Drake. ' Broadcloth damaged by last year's storm sold
well at outcry, the quantity being small-' Last year's grain sold
at a profit of 1,128 Pags. 1,000 candies of redwood provided for the
China ships. Have sent to Sumatra 31 coffree women useless
here. Have transmitted Bombay bills favouring Bengal. ' Woolen
goods. — The bad success as to what received this season and the
remains obliges them to deny the request of Bengal to dispose here
of half the expected consignments to them or at least to detain it
in the godowns, as that will have the same effect at this place
which those in the Bay are desirous of guarding the large quantity
they have on hand from.'
Of Investment—' They have exceeded the quantity expected, the
war being removed at some distance. St. David have done some-
thing. Madras merchants have performed tolerably not being
exposd to the Morattas. Madapollam has furnishd 250 ; Ingeram
200 bales ; and Vizagapatam but 76, from the plunder and troubles
it has been oppressd with. They will do their best, but the hopes
of more success next year are quite uncertain. The French have
obtained grants of the rents of the countries whereon the three last
factories depend. The Rajah, a friend to the Company and who
still says he is such, has farmd them and promises protection, yet
he must oblige the French, and impediments may be expected.
Should the war in this province be removed nearer and Salabad
Jing come, neither nation can do much.' ' Chints orderd at Vizaga-
patam, done on course and indifferent izzarees, colours dull and
painting bad ; a further trial will be made on percallas, a thinner,
properer and cheaper cloth,'
216 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
The Dutch give no signs of friendship. They obliged a
Madras-Manilla ship which was driven into Malacca by a leak to
pay I % on landing its cargo. Unless redress is obtained, will
retaliate this inhospitable treatment.
Works are progressing slowly both here and at Fort St. David
for lack of men and materials. Sea and Land customs increased by
2,324 and 1,129 Pags., respectively. Have granted Sunku Venkata-
chalam a quantity of ground in Egmore, as large as that formerly
held at Chintadripet. The old renters of Madras have been re-
quired to pay the arrears up to August 18, 1746, but excused the rest
till the place surrendered in September, as the confusion prevented
any collections. ' Tax on provisions taken off, there being no cowle
for it and a general hardship. ' ' Duty of 40 cash more than allowd
by cowle taken by remeasuring grain has been abolished as a great
grievance falling directly on the poor. ' ' Pagodas. — Their revenues
on a scrutiny found to be near 3 % on all imports by black mer-
chants, besides the collections on goods from and to the inland
marts. . . . This lis] burthen on and discouragement to trade
opposite to every good purpose. Submit the cancelling them to
the Court's determination, the same having been obtained by the
Dubashes to former Governours and confirmed by the then Board. '
Enclose Padre Severini's petition regarding the grant of the Vepery
church to the Danish missionaries. Application from Dupleix and
Father Sebastian for the confiscated house of Baillieu. The St.
Thome renters were allowed 1,000 Pags. as compensation (they
had claimed 2,000 Rs.) for the enemy's ravages.
Dupre appointed Secretary vice Bourchier resigned. Alexander
Baird permitted to resign. Lawrence falling ill, Colonel Scott has
been desired to come from Bengal to take the command here.
Heath who served well in the Civil department for 5 years is now
put under Colonel Scott. ' Soldiers sent from Bengal and those
landed here are put on their establishment as Governor Drake and
Colonel Scott desired.' Have abolished the extra diet allowance to
soldiers and officers detached from one settlement to another, as it
is believed that their contract requires them to serve at any settle-
ment. Granted a pension of 15 Pags. a month to Clemente Poverio,
Captain of the Topasses, for meritorious service in the course of
which he lost a leg. ' A monthly writer allowd the Military Store-
keeper, and William Aldersey employ d as such under the
Secretary in Mr. Dolben's room who supplies Mr. Heath's place at
Madapollam. Such is their necessity for assistance, from the
.
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 217
Country troubles.' Vansittart has made much progress in Persian.
Request for his use a copy of Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalium by
F. Mesgnien, printed at Vienna. Dupleix has been requested to
deliver to Captain Schaub the effects of Ensign Prevost who died
a Roman Catholic at Pondichery. ' Captain Gaup desiring to be
allowd cloathing for his whole company, whether compleat or not,
they have kept up to the established rule of the English
companies of doing it for the effectives only. ' Casualties and
promotions among the Military. A commission was granted to
Major Lawrence for holding courts-martial. Thomas Mansell,
acting as Commissary in camp, is appointed Judge-Advocate.
A promotion has been occasioned on Captain Dalton's resignation,
and vacancies made by the late action.
Scrutiny of Thomas Eyre's accounts, as Sea Customer and
Paymaster, with Morse. Of the 4,000 Pags. advanced by the
latter, 3,578 Pags. have been very fairly accounted for.
Sumatra affairs.
Munro was elected Mayor and James Alexander made Sheriff.
Bond for 4,368 Pags. paid to the Mayor's Court. Have allowed
£20 a year each to the Accountant-General, the Register and the
Sub-Accountant of the Court ; and 4 Pags. a month to the Clerk of
the Court of Requests. ' Disputes have arisen among the members
of the Court interrupting it. Mr. Fairfield has made the proper
submission on a complaint from Mr. Ross. Mr- Ephraim Isaac, for
refusing to name the author of a report complaind of by Messrs.
Percival, Browning, Fairfield and Edwards, and for forward
behaviour on the occasion, was reprimanded. Those persons
blamd for absenting the Court' 'Mr. Percival dismissd from
being an Alderman on absenting himself from the Court as
alledgd to the impeding of justice, after his desiring to resign.'
' Charter. — Their thoughts on its defects now laid down ': —
* Some rule necessary for removing the inconvenience of natives
becoming suitors in the Mayor's Court but by mutual consent, for
the party in the wrong will always decline it.' The Court consider
that the term 'natives' covers 'all born in India,' but Council
think it covers only Muhammadans and pagans. Enquire
whether the Mayor can be re-elected the ensuing year as in Bengal.
It is perhaps better to avoid it. The rule that an Alderman's
seat should only be filled after a year's absence is unsatisfactory.
There is no need to replace a supercargo who has been accident-
ally detained a month or two over a year; a covenanted servant
28
218 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
ordered to another settlement should be replaced at once. Vacan-
cies in the Court of Requests should be filled up as they arise
and not annually as is ordered. The foregoing are the criticisms
of the two Courts. The Board now offer further considerations : —
'Appeals to the King in Council may be made on giving security
to pay the interest of the sum in question with the costs of
the appeal, but it is not mentioned, though it seems just, that
the appellant should give security also for the sum itself. '
Point out that the Charter makes no provision for the resignation
of Aldermen. ' Broadcloth. — Much of the imports of 1752 remain-
ing, sale of those of 1753 was deferd longer than the usual time;
and being put up according to orders on the 30th January and
yesterday, no bidder appeard.' Complain that the Fort St. David
books, in spite of pressing orders and even threats, though due in
October, were received only two days ago. Their general letter
received this morning. A suitable censure will be passed on them
for this neglect. The Durrington has on board 1,250 bales invoiced
at 119,732 Pags. ; diamonds registered, 106,244 Pags. ; and Captain's
private trade, 24,690 Arcot Rs. The cash balance is 19,845 current
Pags., 791 Madras Pags., 614,411 Arcot Rs., and 8,320 Madras Rs.
Bills drawn on the Company for 1,541 Pags.; and certificates for
2,046 Pags.
Separate [?] Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. March 9, 1754. [Pub-
lic Despatches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 66—69 (Copy lV2 pp.)]
Regarding the Negrais, the situation of the place is not so
favourable as was represented to the Company ; it is so unhealthy
that even the Peguans cannot remain there for long together, and
everyone is afraid of going there. Percival, Hopkins and Smith
all declare that their health is too bad to allow them to succeed
Hunter; and Council considers that there is no need for one of
Council to reside there. Have recalled Westgarth from Syrian ;
his accounts appear very irregular. Have appointed Thomas
Taylor to succeed him.
The Moghal is said to have made peace with his Vizier.
The French have succeeded in inducing Salabat Jang to move
from Aurangabad to ' Calacheputra ' on his march towards the
Carnatic ; but it is believed that lack of money, the likelihood of
rebellion, and the opposition of Balaji Rao will prevent his march.
Saiyid Lashkar Khan has resigned in disgust. Have already
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 219
reported that the rents of Rajahmundry and Chicacole were mort-
gaged to the French, but that Nawab Jaffar Ali Khan refused to
obey the orders. He and Vijayaram Raz wrote to Saunders
offering to defend the country if a force of Englishmen were sent
to their help ; but the situation in the Carnatic would not allow it.
Jaffar Ali has now gone to Hyderabad, and Vijayaram Raz has
accepted the government from the French, so that our settlements
are still undisturbed. Possibly he will quarrel with the French
when the revenue falls due for payment.
The surprise and destruction of a party of 200 English with 7
officers when escorting provisions into Trichinopoly. This loss
affects us more than the French have been affected by losing 1,000
men in the last year. Lawrence had given hopes of being able to
attack the French if he was reinforced; and a party was being
prepared to send to him; but now he will probably have to act on
the defensive. The French are indisposed for peace save on their
own terms, as papers in the French Correspondence show. Though
Dupleix claims so extensive an authority, he seems uncertain of the
justice of his claims, for he has never demanded from the Dutch
the tribute they pay annually to the Sarkar for Pulicat and Sadras.
The Nawab cannot make peace with Mysore except by ceding
Trichinopoly; if necessary, he must do this. Should Salabat
Jang come into the Carnatic, the English will withdraw all their
inland garrisons except Trichinopoly and Chingleput. These
places with a year's provisions would be perfectly secure, as
Salabat Jang could not subsist his army here for so long. The
Nawab's troops will be under the cover of Fort St. David. Believe
from 'the extensive views' of Dupleix that the troubles will not
subside. The matter must be settled in Europe or the Company
must send out as many recruits as the ships can bring. If he once
establishes a superiority, [the Coast?] will be of little value to any
but the French.
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.
East India House. November 28, 1753. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 57, pp. 41 — 44 {Original 4 pp.)]
Cite despatch of January 24, 1753. Acknowledge the receipt of
despatches, dated March 21 and 24, 1753. Of the 17 ships taken
up, 2 are destined for China direct, 5 for Madras and China, 5 for
Madras and Bengal, 4 for Bombay and I for St. Helena and
Sumatra. The Coast and Bay ships will sail in December and
220 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
January. The Secret Committee consists of Richard Chauncy,
Roger Drake, William Mabbott, and Christopher Burrow. Send
list of shipping. This goes by the St. George on which are con-
i signed 30 chests of silver, 100 barrels of gunpowder and 70 tons
of lead for Madras ; also 300 pipes of Madeira to be equally divided
between Bengal and Madras, unless the latter Presidency needs
more, owing to the large number of officers and covenanted
servants there, in which case 50 additional pipes may be detained.
Any unusual leakage or damage caused by bad stowage must be
made good by the commander. 20 pipes are allowed to the
ship's officers as privilege, but anything in excess should be con-
fiscated as unlicensed goods. As the Bengal ships cannot take in
all the woolen goods consigned thither, 300 bales have been laded
on the True Briton ; these may be forwarded by the present ship
unless they can be sold to advantage at Madras or at Bombay,
where sales have lately been large and profitable. As much
treasure as possible to be forwarded to Bengal. The French East
India Company have sent one of their Directors to accommodate
the dissensions between the two Companies on the Coromandel
Coast, and it is hoped that a Treaty will result. Have entertained
as writers Samuel Johnson, Waldegrave Pelham, James Macormick,
James Broadbent, William Aldersey, Robert Dowsett and John
Hamilton. Send 60 recruits on this ship.
Letter from Robert Goodere to Thomas Saunders, etc.
LONDON. DECEMBER II, 1753. [Public Despatches from Eng-
land, Vol. 57, p. 139 {Original I p.)]
Considers that the attachment of his cash in India was very
unkind and malicious, as it is well-known that he has enough
either in India or Europe to answer the Company's demands.
Believes the step was taken in order to prejudice him in the Com-
pany's eyes. Has lived in India ' full long enough to loath the
country and its constitution.' If he had left Vizagapatam without
his enemies' having anything to accuse him of, he would have been
more fortunate than any of his predecessors there.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. December 19, 1753. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 57, pp. 45—57 (Original 13 pp.)]
Cite despatches of January 24, and November 28, 1753. Ac-
knowledge the receipt of Madras despatches, General, dated
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 221
November 3, 1752, February 21 and March 21 and 24, 1753 ;
Separate, dated November 3, 1752, February 16, 21 and March 18
and 24, 1753 ; despatch from Fort St. David, dated February 28, 1753 ;
from Major Lawrence, dated October 27, 1752, January 5 and 24,
February 16, and March 9, 1753; and from Brohier, dated February
18 and March 18, 1753. Furnish a list of the 17 ships taken up for
the season with their destinations. Bengal ships will call at Madras
for the coinage of their treasure. Secret Committee. Name super-
cargoes appointed for China ships. Licensed silver, coral, emeralds,
pearls, etc., for Madras or Bengal, if carried on to other ports by
accident, may be forwarded freight free on any other Company's
ship. Any goods suitable for China may be laden on the Coast and
China ships. The St. George brings 300 pipes of Madeira, and 70
tons of lead for Bengal. In order to secure a September ship from
Madras, a Bengal ship may be detained, but her cargo must be
forwarded as early as possible. Expect all the Coast and Bay
ships to be returned the same season, as there are only 5 of them
of which I is small. Any surplus may be laden on a Bombay
ship. As Coast and Bay ships carry no iron kintledge, their full
kintledge is to be in saltpetre at 16% of the chartered tonnage. Con-
sign to Madras 200 chests of treasure, 1,230 bales of woolen goods,
400 tons of lead, 150 tons of copper, 150 tons of iron, 600 barrels of
gunpowder, etc. As it is very dangerous to send large quantities
of gunpowder from Europe, and as with the necessary skill it can
be made just as well in India, send an exact model of a powder-
house and mills with a minute description, and William Bishop to
be Superintendent of the powder works on £.100 a year with pay as
a First Lieutenant of the Military. Though all the treasure is con-
signed to Madras, as much as possible must be sent on to Bengal.
Enclose Accountant's remarks on the assay of gold and silver
coins. Notice inequality in the weight of Arcot rupees. The high
standard of the Company's coins must be maintained. Send bale
screws and a larger supply of medicines. St. Helena is in need of
30 coffree slaves. Send a parcel of books ; will supply any others if
necessary on ' divinity, law, commerce, or any other useful know-
ledge.' Forward list of the investment. The fabric of cloth made
or bought at Madras and Fort St. David must be improved. Salt-
petre as kintledge for Madras ships should be got from Bengal, and
Bengal should be supplied with redwood for their ships. The 3
Presidencies should co-operate in arranging the disposal of the
Europe tonnage. Surplus pepper from Sumatra to be sent home by
222 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
the store ship or by any of the Coast and Bay ships. Regret to
hear of the misunderstanding between Saunders and Lawrence, so
prejudicial to the Company's interest, but hope they have been
reconciled by this time. A good understanding must be carefully
cultivated between civil and military servants. To avoid employing
Indians as writers, the Company's servants, especially the younger
ones, must be fully employed ; and if more are needed, they shall
be sent out. Their conduct must be carefully watched. They
should not be allowed to spend more than they earn. Their morals
and manner of life are to be examined once every quarter and the
result entered in the Diary. Send 62 English recruits ; 300 more
will follow. A 100 Swiss will also be sent for the Swiss companies.
No recruits for Bengal should be detained if it can be helped,
and troops forwarded to Bengal when they can be safely spared.
Send out George Beaver, Alexander Callender, and Thomas White,
as Captains ; William Bishop as First Lieutenant ; John Tabby,
Robert Campbell, and Thomas Newton, as Lieutenants ; William
Jennings as Lieutenant of the Artillery ; and Henry Meyers, Joseph
Darke, and James Stuart, as Ensigns. As the quarrel between the
Nawab of Arcot and the King of Mysore is so prejudicial to the
former's affairs, every pacific and prudent measure to reconcile
them should be taken.
The Treaty concerted with the French Commissary has been sent
to Paris for consideration by the French Company. Appoint
William James Tabby (Lieutenant Tabby's son) and John Nolikins,
cadets on 20d. a day. Send a machine, invented by Ensign
Meyers, for pointing and quick-firing of cannon by night as well
as by day.
Appended are: — (l) lists of ships that arrived and sailed
(p. 279) ; (2) description of the models for making gunpowder
(pp. 285-286) ; and (3) Accountant's remarks on the assay of gold
and silver coins in Madras (pp. 287-288).
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.
East India House. January 23, 1754. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 57, PP> 59—86 (Original 28 pp.)]
Cite despatch of November 28 and December 19, 1753. The
Coast and China ships sailed from England in December 1753.
Bengal ships are to touch at Madras to land despatches and to
exchange treasure for coin of which a quantity should be provided.
Bengal should be urged to despatch their home bound ships early
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 223
as delay in their arrival in England hinders shipping for the
current season. The charterparty rule that Bengal ships are not
to be despatched home between March II and November 21, need
not be rigidly observed. Regret to hear the misfortune that has
befallen the Colchester, Delawar, and Brilliant. The Yorkshire Grey
purchased for the Sumatra service is to be disposed of if the Brilliant
is heard of again. No ships are to be purchased except under
absolute necessity. The surgeon, carpenter and gunner of the
Bombay Castle should be allowed to remain in India only if they
will be of particular service in the Company's affairs. Are much
disappointed that the Delawar only brought 216 instead of 600
slaves from Madagascar. If commanders so desire, the Coast and
Bay ships may each be laden with 150 tons of saltpetre, provided
room is found for all bale goods.
Have already sent 198 chests of bullion (£195,676-16-0) and 3
chests of gold (£31,576-19-8). Consign by the Denham, York, Norfolk
and Anson 6 chests of gold (£76,000) together with silver for Bengal.
An estimate to be made of what money will be needed for the
Coast investment, for the payment of any debt, and for the dis-
charge of expenses, until the arrival of the next season's ships, and
no more bullion than what is absolutely necessary for these purposes
is to be retained. Articles indented for must be precisely described
or they cannot be sent. Have sent 1,230 bales according to the
Company's scheme of exporting as much woolen goods as can be
sold. If Madras is overstocked some may perhaps be sent to
Bombay. Send as much lead and iron as ships can carry, as they
sell for a good profit. Direct that the system of selling all goods
by public outcry be maintained. The names of the consignee, and
consignor will in future be included in manifests of coral, silver, etc.
On some articles of the Madras investment, there is a con-
siderable loss, and the profit on the whole is too small to cover the
expenses of the Presidency. The last investment was as large as
could be expected but was poor in quality and high in price. The
quantity, quality and prices of the Northern investment must be
attended to by the Northern settlements who are to be supplied
with ample funds. The method of providing the investment is so
private as to admit of unfair practices. In future a month's notice
is to be given for merchants to send in written tenders, the best of
which are to be accepted.
As the scheme for an English settlement on the Negrais is no
longer a secret, it may be dealt with in the general letters. Note
224 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
that Taylor, Westgarth, Hunter and Henry Brooke have been sent
thither with vessels, etc., and that the French will try to render
the project abortive. Should this prove a failure, the offer of a
settlement at Tenasserim should be accepted if possible so as to
prevent the Dutch and French gaining a hold there. The quarrel
between the Nawab of Arcot and the King of Mysore is the more
unfortunate as it has caused a great increase in the English
advances to the Nawab. Urge the necessity of securing as speedy
a reimbursement as possible.
Madras and Fort St. David fortifications must be completed
and the Black Town defences specially strengthened, so as to
induce rich country people to settle there for safety. The inhabi-
tants of Fort St. George ought to contribute to the cost. Approve
of Brohier's conduct in carrying on the works. Trust Colonel
Scott will be able to complete all necessary works without running
into great expense. Devikottai being an old country fort, should
only be kept in repair with the least possible expense. A site
should be selected for the new powder-mill. Perhaps the Egmore
Redoubt, where the present powder-house is, may be suitable.
All powder is to be tested in the presence of the Major and what
proves defective is to be returned to be new worked. Approve of
Council's successful application to the Nawab for remission of the
annual rent of 1,200 Pags. for Madras. Burton's claim for money
spent on the Garden House, etc., at Fort St. David was rightly
rejected. Permit Jaggoo to collect the customs payable at the
temple built by his father at Chintadripet, on condition that he
pays off 2,000 Pags. a year for his debt to the Company. Call
for a report on the protest made by the administrators of Coja
Petrus against the delivery of the Vepery Church to the Danish
Missionaries. Disapprove of letting farms for a period of 5 years.
In future all farms are to be sold publicly in the presence of the
Governor and Council, and for the present for no longer a period
than one year.
Cannot grant the Council's request to permit junior servants to
go to sea to carry on Council's 'private trade, especially as the
Company have resolved that their affairs shall be carried on only
by their own servants. As a rule there shall be no supersessions
by removal of servants from other Presidencies. Send list of free
merchants, etc., permitted to proceed to India. Samuel Chandler,
permitted to reside in India as surgeon, may succeed to the first
vacancy. Disapprove the employment of Palk as Paymaster and
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 225
Commissary as it is incompatable with his station as Chaplain.
He is to be immediately relieved of these duties. Suspect that
during the late troubles many servants have enriched themselves
at the Company's expense by improper means such as perquisites
in letting the farms, in contracting for investment and in supply-
ing the Military with provisions, etc. Order an immediate enquiry
into the profits of every servant with a view to checking this.
Call for a report on two of the Council, charged with fraud. A
statement of all perquisites received by servants should be
furnished. Prescribe certain rules for the conduct of Company's
servants: — (1) all servants, civil and military (soldiers included)
must attend Church every Sunday ; (2) the Governor and Council
must watch and control the morals of all servants ; (3) senior
servants must avoid extravagant living, ' decent frugality ' being
more becoming to merchants ; (4) junior servants must live within
their means, and no writers should keep palankin, horse or
chaise ; (5) quarterly enquiries to be made into the conduct of all
servants below the Council. In punishing a servant, formal
charges should be framed, his explanation taken, and evidence
impartially weighed; the full proceedings in each case must be
sent to the Company to enable them to deal with appeals from
such persons. Disputes which can be settled in India should
never be referred home. Approve action taken on the discovery of
Empson's fraud, and strict watch kept against all embezzlements.
A small chest of treasure consigned to Lieutenant Green[ville]
was carried to China as no demand fof it was made to the
Captain ; steps should be taken to prevent mistakes of this kind.
Robert Goodere has paid the balance of his account with the
Company amounting to £1,279-13-2 ; and the attachment of his
effects should be withdrawn, unless he is still indebted to the
Company. The book of Standing Orders sent home only comes
up to 1 721. If the original is not brought up to date it is to be
completed immediately and to lie on the table whenever Council
meets. Date of Consultation to be noted on each page of the
Consultation book. Accounts of quickstock, lists of christenings,
marriages and burials, etc., must be brought up to date before
despatch. Packets to be made as small as possible and put in
square boxes instead of in ' portmanteau cases.' Complain that
neither Cockell, nor Major Lawrence nor Major Kinneer has signed
the Consultations at which they were present. This proves that
the minutes were not brought up to date. In future minutes of
29
226 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
every Consultation must be signed within a week. Bonds bearing
higher interest than 6 % are to be first discharged; the China
Missionaries' bond for 20,000 Pags. and Lewis Madeiro's for 30,000
Arcot Rs., both bearing interest at 6 %, may be paid off when cash
is available, but this should not be done if it will involve distress-
ing Bengal for money. Call for a full report on Sultan David's
bond for Rs. 20,000, dated August 7, 1745. Furnish extracts from
the Church ledgers regarding East India bonds and bond of Henry
Newman, late Secretary of the Society for Promoting the Gospel,
who died insolvent. Have appointed David Blake, Randfurlie Knox
and Robert Bannatyne as Ensigns. Can send only 164 more recruits
instead of the 300 that it was proposed to send. A ' respectable
military force ' must be maintained on the Coast till the troubles
are over, but their cost must be minimised. Send a party of
Swiss recruits. Particular enquiry is to be made as to their treat-
ment in their passage. They are to be on exactly the same footing
as the other Swiss. Approve grant of uniform and a monthly
allowance to the Coffrees in military service, instead of merely
allowing them diet. Note that some misunderstanding has arisen
between the Council and Major Lawrence regarding appointment
of officers. Under the Military Regulations of 1748, it is vested in
the Governor and Council (as the Company's representatives), due
regard being paid to the recommendations of the Commanding
officer ; and special regard should be paid to all Lawrence's opinions
relating to military operations, but they must be subject to the
examination by the Governor and Council. Trust that Major
Lawrence will forget past misunderstandings, and as 'a man of
honour ' do his duty. Expect all servants to act with ' steady zeal,
unanimity and duty.' Ensign David Blake has borrowed £15
from George Higginson, which is to be recovered from his pay.
Sumatra affairs.
A letter from the Garde-des-Sceaux to the Due de Mirepoix, dated
at Paris, January 10, has been sent to the Minister. It says that the
delay in the conclusion of the Treaty is due to the discussions being
carried on between the Directors and the Ministers. It also states
that Godeheu sailed from France on December 31, with orders to
'pacify the troubles.' He is said to be 'pacific ' but firm, one who
will not allow French privileges to be infringed. Suggest that
until matters are settled, a cessation of arms be negotiated with him
to include all the contending parties. The Nawab would have been
much better off if he had surrendered Trichinopoly to Mysore when
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 227
it was demanded of him. Hope that an accommodation is still
possible. The English Ministry is supporting the Company in their
negotiations with the French Commissaries. If a reasonable Treaty
is not secured, a properly equipped squadron of men-of-war with a
body of His Majesty's troops is ready to sail for India. The
Commander will call first at Fort St. David where arrangements
should be made for the landing of troops, etc. A ship of the
Embden Company under the protection of the King of Prussia,
with Harris (an Englishman) as Agent, is about to sail for Coro-
mandel and Bengal. He should not be allowed to interfere with
Company's rights, and no encouragement is to be offered him.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. January 31, 1754. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 57, pp. 87-88 (Original 2 pp.)]
Colonel Scott should be on the Coast, either at Madras or Fort
St. David, when the English squadron arrives. Accommodation
and food must be ready for the troops. The squadron consists of
4 ships and 2 frigates with 800 troops on board. Trust that Thomas
Saunders will not resign at the present critical time, as the
Company have ' a great dependance upon his abilitys.'
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO CAROLINE FREDERICK
Scott. East India House. January 31, 1754. [Public
Despatches from England, Vol. 57, p. 1 27 (Original I p.))
Direct him to be at Fort St. George or Fort St. David when the
King's Squadron arrives.
Letter from H. Fox to Lieutenant-Colonel Heron.
WAR OFFICE. FEBRUARY 1754. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 57, p. 301 (Original I p.))
Permits him to take up the Company's service provided he
resigns his rank in the Army as Lieutenant-Colonel. If he behaves
well in the Company's service, he will on return to England, be
restored to his rank and placed on half pay as Lieutenant-Colonel
of Foot.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. February 15, 1754. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 57, pp. 89—97. (Original 9 pp.)]
The despatch of the Denham, York and Norfolk has been
delayed till now, by the sailors leaving their ships owing to the
228 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
issue of press warrants for manning the Squadron about to sail to
the East. The Kent, London and Britannia will be employed as
transports for the King's troops and will be ready to sail the first
week in March. In consequence, 3 additional ships have had to
be taken up for Bombay. Kintledge on the several ships. This
goes by the Anson. Lieutenant-Colonel Heron and Robert Orme
will sail on one of the Bombay ships which will land them at
Madras. The 3 transports should either be returned the same
season with Coast and Bay goods, or employed in the Country trade
at freight so as to cover their demurrage, or 2 of them may be
sent to Canton on the Company's account. Consign on the Anson
gold, etc., valued at £64,779-9-6.
Fear that unfair practices have been used in the investment;
repeat the directions of January 23, and order that all proposals
and contracts be made in Council and that all goods be sold at
public outcry, at which all persons are to be encouraged to bid.
The present crisis calls for a change in the constitution of the
Council. It needs enlargement and each member is expected to
work heartily and zealously.
Appoint as Council : — Thomas Saunders, President and
Governor ; George Pigot, Second in Council and Deputy Governor
of Fort St. David ; Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Heron, as Major
and Third in Council ; and Richard Starke, Charles Boddam,
Henry Powney, Robert Orme, Foss Westcott, Alexander Wynch,
William Percival, Thomas Cooke, John Smith and Charles
Bourchier. This will form a larger body than usual, and no
vacancies are to be filled until it is reduced under the number of
II. Such vacancies should then be filled by the next in standing
unless they should be unfit persons. Repeat the direction that the
Major cannot rise higher than Third in Council. In case of a
vacancy in the Major's place it is not to be filled until the Council
has received the Company's orders, Heron and Orme will sail on
the Warren about the middle of next month. If Pigot is at a
distance from Madras or Fort St. David, he is to be summoned
thither at once. Although Pigot should generally be at Fort St.
David, yet on extraordinary occasions he is to be called up to
Madras. Major Lawrence continues on our Council and on the
Select Committee for Country .affairs, and owing to his abilities
the Company hopes that he will attend as often as may be possible.
Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Heron, an able and experienced
officer, has been appointed Major of the Troops under the
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 229
Presidency of Fort St. George, with the command and clothing of a
company, together with a salary of £ 250 a year and the usual
allowances for diet, servants and palankins of the Third in
Council. Although he is senior in His Majesty's service to Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Scott and Major Lawrence, yet he is to rank' under
them and has agreed to this condition. He is also to rank below
King's officers of the same degree with himself, just as Company's
officers rank below King's officers of the same degree. The Board
have unanimously agreed to present Lawrence with a sword set
with diamonds worth £750, and Captain Robert Clive with a
similar one worth £500 in recognition of their signal military
services. Lawrence is to be informed of this, and when the sword
is received, it is to be presented to him in Council. As soon as
demands on estates of persons dying in India are satisfied, the net
assets must at once be written off the general books. This must be
especially attended to in the case of officers who die in the
Company's service as the claimants are usually very importunate.
As regards the estate of Captain William Richards the general
books show 500 Pags. due, but as that amount has not been written
off, the Company has advanced to his relatives who are needy the
the sum of £150. The Bengal ship Oxford arrived February II.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
EAST INDIA HOUSE. MARCH 2, 1754. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol 57, pp. 99— 109 {Original II pp.)]
The English Squadron for India under the command of Charles
Watson, Rear-Admiral of the Blue, is composed of the Kent (Henry
Speke, 64 guns), Eagle (George Pocock, 60 guns), Salisbury
(Thomas Knowles, 50 guns), Bristol (Thomas Latham, 50 guns),
Bridgewater (William Martin, 24 guns), and Kingfisher sloop (Best
Mihell). His Majesty's land forces on the men-of-war and on the
Company's ships Kent, London and Britannia, consist of Adlercron's
regiment 815 strong, with a detachment of 78 men and officers
from the Royal Artillery under Captain-Lieutenant William
Hislop. These troops will be embarked at Cork under the super-
vision of Henry Crabb Boulton, one of the Directors. Any ill-
treatment of the Military on the Company's ships should be
properly reported. The Rear-Admiral should be saluted with
15 guns ; and the Commodore, in his absence, with 13 guns. Due
respect should be shown to all Naval officers and all possible help
given them. During Admiral Watson's stay in India, he should
230 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
be allowed 5 Pags. a day to meet house-rent and table charges.
For sums advanced to Commanders for procuring stores, provisions,
etc., bills should be taken, at 65. 6d. a weighty dollar, payable
at 30 days' sight, drawn on the Commissioners of the Navy or on
the Commissioners for Victualling. All Squadron accounts should
be duly adjusted with the proper officers to avoid future troubles.
A similar course should be adopted in the case of His Majesty's
land forces. Colonel Adlercron and his officers should be treated
with politeness, and special care taken to promote good feelings
between the King's and Company's troops. Adlercron is to receive
5 Pags. a day for house-rent and table charges. As it will be
a hardship for His Majesty's officers and men to serve for less pay
than the Company's, authorize payment to the former, on the
Company's account, of allowances equal to the differences between
their pay and that of Company's people ; viz., Captains at 2s. a day,
Lieutenants, Ensigns and the Adjutant at Is., Serjeants, etc., at 2d.
each. In the Royal Artillery, the First and Second Lieutenants are
to receive Is. a day each, Lieutenant-Fireworkers &/., and cadets
and gunners 2d. Suitable barracks should be provided for them.
Artillery officers should be furnished with boats and crews, and pro-
vided with convenient magazines and store-houses. The French
have transmitted a new project of the Treaty between the two
Companies in answer to that concerted in England with the French
Commissaries. Conferences have begun again, but the Company
cannot judge what the issue is likely to be. Send copies of the
French and English projects. At a Conference held at Whitehall
on February 19, at which Holdernesse and Anson met Chauncy,
Drake, Burrow, Mabbott, and Alexander Hume on behalf of the
Company, it was resolved that the English in India should only
act as auxiliary and carefully avoid direct hostilities against the
French. At the present crisis when there is no knowing how
events may shape themselves, the Company's affairs must be left
to the* integrity, judgment, and circumspection ' of the Council.
Accordingly appoint Thomas Saunders, George Pigot, Lieutenant-
Colonel Caroline Frederick Scott, Lieutenant-Colonel Stringer
Lawrence, Henry Powney, Robert Orme, Alexander Wynch and
William Percival or any three of them to form a Select Committee
to transact the Company's affairs with the Country and all Euro-
pean powers, and to concert all military plans in consultation with
His Majesty's Naval and Military Commanders, but to spend no
money without the consent of the majority of the Council. The
CALENDAR FOR 1753 1754 231
Committee is to meet twice a week or oftener ; its proceedings are
to be recorded separately and kept secret. Henry Vansittart is
appointed Secretary. Repeat instructions for employing the
transports Kent, London and Britannia. If one or two of them
are sent to China they should be loaded with Bohea and Singlo tea
and Chinaware for flooring. Among other articles consigned by
the transports are 40 chests of treasure to be employed in case 2
of them should be sent to China. Are well informed that the
Commanders of Company's ships employed in Country voyages fill
them unreasonably with their own private trade. Hence the back-
wardness of people to freight Company's ships. The Council
should note that the Company has a right not only to the chartered
tonnage, but to the whole actual tonnage less 3 % allowed to
officers on their privilege. Have permitted the Commanders of the
transports to carry 35 or 40 pounds' worth of trading guns, shot
and flints, to be disposed of for provisions in case they touch at
Madagascar, but otherwise to be delivered to the Council at Madras.
The ' orlopes ' on board the transports are to be taken over at
prime-cost. Consign to Madras by the transports 1 10 tons of iron
and 100 tons of lead.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. March 13, 1754. [Public Despatdies
from England, Vol. 57, p. 113 (Original 1 p.)]
Colonel Adlercron is entitled to a salute of 13 guns on landing
at Madras or any other settlement. As Commander-in-Chief of all
His Majesty's land forces in India, he should be shown all due
honours.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
East India House. March 15, 1754. [Public Despatches
from England, Vol. 57, pp. 115 — Il8 {Original 4 pp.).]
Cite despatches of February 15 and March 2. This accom-
panies Major Heron and Robert Orme on the Bombay ship Warren
which also brings stores, etc., for His Majesty's forces which could
not be laded on the transports. She is to be despatched to Bombay
as quickly as possible in order that she may serve as the annual
ship from thence to Canton in the next season. She may carry to
Bombay woolen goods not saleable at Madras. The recruits aboard
her, though intended for Bombay, may be detained if necessary.
Send by her for delivery to Stringer Lawrence, the King's
232 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
commission, dated February 26, 1754, as Lieutenant-Colonel ; the
sword to be presented to him in Council with a copy of the
Company's resolution, dated February 6; and also Fox's letter
permitting Alexander Heron to enter the Company's service on
resigning his rank in the Army as Lieutenant-Colonel. Have
appointed John Fabry, Andrew Crotty, and Stephen Smith, Cadets,
in which rank they are to receive pay as Serjeant. Send a copy
from the original French, of the French Company's observations
upon the English and French projects ; also powers and instruc-
tions for holding courts-martial in the East Indies under the Act
passed in this Session of Parliament.
Despatch from the Company to Thomas Saunders, etc.
LONDON. MARCH 15, 1754. [Public Despatches from England,
Vol. 57, pp. 119— 122 {Original 4 pp.)]
To keep the Company's troops in the same discipline as the
King's, Parliament has passed an Act for punishing mutiny and
desertion among the Company's troops. The power of appointing
courts-martial is vested in the Commander-in-Chief of the King's
forces so long as those forces are employed on the Coast. The
Court of Directors have power to authorize the President and
Council to appoint courts-martial at the settlement, and to autho-
rise them to empower the Commander of any detachment to do the
like while away from the settlement. Enclose copies of the Act
and Articles of War; the King's commission authorising Colonel
Adlercron or the Commander-in-Chief to appoint courts-martial;
the Company's commission authorising the President and Council
and the Company's Commanders to convene them ; form of appoint-
ment of the Judge-Advocate and instructions for the same ; and
form of proceedings of the courts-martial. The Act and the
Articles should be published with due solemnity ; and every one in
the company's troops must be given the option of continuing in
service subject to these Articles of War ; those who are unwilling
must be dismissed. The original warrant is to be kept by the
Council and a certified copy furnished to Colonel Adlercron.
Courts-martial are convened by the Judge-Advocate under verbal
instructions from the Commander. Procedure laid down may be
varied if necessary, but not so as to contravene the Act and
Articles of War. Copies of proceedings of all courts-martial must
be sent home.
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 233
DESPATCH FROM THE COMPANY TO THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC.
East India House. April 3, 1754. [Public Despatches from
England, Vol. 57, pp. 123— 126 (Original 4 pp.)]
Have now better hopes of a definitive treaty between the
English and French Companies in Europe. Pending its conclu-
sion, a provisional treaty should be entered into with the French
Company's Agents in India for a cessation of arms, on condition
that neither side should make any cessions until a definitive treaty
has been made in Europe. The projects of the Europe treaty will
furnish sufficient data for framing a provisional treaty which
should clearly stipulate that the French should restore to the Moors
Masulipatam and Diu Island with their dependencies, and the
grants in the Deccan and the Carnatic, or in case they choose to
retain Masulipatam, Diu Island should be left to the English. The
Select Committee will conduct negotiations for the provisional
treaty, but if the French should appoint Commissaries for the
purpose, Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, Lieutenant-Colonel Lawrence,
Orme, Percival and Palk, are to be Commissaries for the English,
with Vansittart as Secretary. These should be under the orders of
the Select Committee and keep a regular account of their proceed-
ings. If the French should appoint Commissaries of a superior
rank to those named, the English should do the same. The
negotiations are to be conducted at a neutral place. The Commis
saries or the Select Committee should not conclude any provisional
treaty without the approval of the Council. All their proceedings
should be regularly sent home, to assist the Company to make a
definitive treaty. Although the Company disapproved of Palk's
being Commissary in the Army, have included him among the
Commissaries to treat of peace, owing to his knowledge of French
and Latin, and his acquaintance with the political situation. As
soon as the Warren arrives at Madras, Bombay should be informed
by pattamars of the probable date of her despatch, so that a
convoy may be sent to protect her from Angria's fleet. Have
appointed John Laverock cadet, in which rank he is to receive pay
as serjeant. The Cumberland (66 guns) and the Tyger (60 guns) will
shortly follow the English Squadron to take the place of the
Eagle and Bristol which were disabled by bad weather. Prescribe
the method of drawing bills for sums advanced by the Company to
the detachment of the Royal Artillery under Captain Hislop.
3°
234 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
LETTERS FROM HENRY CRABB BOULTON (ONE OF THE DIR-
ECTORS) to Thomas Saunders, etc. Cork. March 25,
AND 29, 1754. [Public Despatches from England, Vol. 57, pp.
133-135 and 255—257 (Original 4 pp.)]
Encloses abstract of 233 officers and private men of Colonel
Adlercron's Regiment and of the detachment (54) of the Royal Artil-
lery, embarked on the Company's ships Britannia and London.
project of an agreement between the english and
French East India companies, delivered to Duvelaer.
NOVEMBER 8, 1753 [Public Despatches from England, Vol. 57,
PP' 303 — 308 (Copy 6 pp.) ; also Miltary Despatches from England,
Vol. I, pp. 71—77 (Copy 7 PP.)]
As a result of their alliances with the Country powers, disputes
have arisen between the English and French Companies on the
Coromandel coast, leading to hostilities, in spite of the peace sub-
sisting between England and France. The following articles are
therefore agreed upon : —
1. All hostilities shall cease. The Companies shall confine
themselves to commerce and shall not take sides in any dfspute
arising among the Country powers.
2. Orders shall immediately be sent out to stop all hostilities ;
and, as soon as the Nawab accedes to the agreement, all troops shall
be with drawn into the respective territories of the Companies.
3. All prisoners shall be restored. The English will if desired
use their good offices with Muhammad Ali Khan to procure the
release of prisoners taken by him and entrusted to their care. All
guns taken to be restored ; and deserters may return to their former
service on condition of paying any debts they have contracted.
4. Trade shall be carried on on the same footing as before 1744.
5. Muhammad Ali Khan shall be recognized as the Nawab of
Arcot by both the Companies. The French shall never support the
cause of any rival either directly or indirectly. Chunda Sahib's
family must not be allowed to remain at Pondichery or in any other
French settlement. The Nawab shall protect the Companies in the
possession of their territories.
6. The Viceroy of the Deccan, the Nawab of Arcot and the
King of Tanjore shall be invited to accede to this agreement ; and
on the Nawab's doing so, all places in the province of Arcot in the
possession of either Company shall be restored to him, except their
ancient possessions and the Poonamallee country, Villiyanallur and
Valudavur (See article 8.)
CALENDAR FOR 1753-1754 235
7. The Bahur fort shall be pulled down and its territory restored
to the Moors.
8. The French shall hold Pondichery with its ancient territories
and the districts of Villiyanallur and Valudavur, and the English
shall extend their territories in the Poonamallee country to the
same degree as the French extend theirs round Pondichery.
9. In Tanjore, the English shall hold Devikottai and the French
may possess Nagore.
10. Divi Island and Masulipatam shall be evacuated by which-
ever Company is in possession of them and be delivered up to the
Moors. All fortifications recently raised shall be demolished unless
the Moors desire any to be retained. The two Companies may,
without prejudice to the existing rights of other European Com-
panies, establish factories at Masulipatam, but shall not keep more
troops there than may be agreed upon as absolutely necessary for
their protection.
11. The two Companies shall apply to their respective Sovereigns
for a ratification of this agreement.
Memorial of Observations on the English Project by
the French Company. Paris. February 4, 1754. [Public
Despatches from England, Vol. 57, pp. 325 — 339. {Copy of trans-
lation, 15 pp.); translation also in Military Despatches from England,
Vol. I, pp. 87—IOI.]
The French company are willing to make sacrifices to secure
peace on the Coromandel coast, but cannot agree to the English
project as it contains provisions which injure the dignity of the
French. They have been obliged therefore to draw up a new pro-
ject. This memorial is intended to show the defects of the English
project. The stipulation in the English project, article I, that
neither Company should interfere in Moorish disputes, should form
the basis of the agreement. Under articles I and 2 of the English
project, the Nawab of Arcot could prevent the Company's forces
being withdrawn into their territories merely by refusing to accede ;
and as the English control the Nawab they would remain mas-
ters of peace or war in defiance of the treaty. The other stipulation
in the articles that troops shall withdraw into their respective
territories, is a very inconvenient course inasmuch as it involves
an instantaneous surrender of all conquests without any assurance
from the Moorish Princes that they will accede to the treaty.
The stipulation in article 3 causes much offence. Why should the
French alone be asked to surrender their conquests to the Nawab,
236 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
while the Nawab is not bound to surrender the prisoners and guns
taken from them? This is an unheard of stipulation, and the
French will certainly neither cease hostilities nor give up Gingee
until the return of their prisoners and artillery is agreed to. The
stipulations regarding the use of good offices by the English are
unbecoming. As to article 5 regarding recognition of Muhammad
Ali Khan as the Nawab of Arcot, this is directly contrary to the
principle of non-interference. It is the Viceroy of the Deccan or
the Moghal Emperor, and not the Companies, who should determine
which Indian Prince is the lawful Nawab of Arcot. Whatever the
right may be possession is a clear matter. So the only Nawab which
Companies as traders should recognize is the reigning Nawab,
Consequently so long as Muhammad Ali Khan continues as Nawab,
the French will not attempt to revenge their wrongs upon him.
But in case he should be dispossessed, neither Company shall
attempt to reinstate him. If the English insist on a continuance
of war, the French would rather continue to fight Muhammad Ali
Khan than any other prince on his behalf. If Muhammad Ali Khan
were dispossessed, it would no doubt be advantageous to the
French, but the English would find their advantage in escaping
from a war which otherwise they would have to carry on against
the French and all the Country powers. .The French Company
mean Muhammad Ali by the Nawab of Arcot, but his name should
not occur in a treaty that is to be communicated to othei Country
powers. Similarly the name of Chunda Sahib should also be
omitted. As a strong proof of their good disposition towards
Muhammad Ali, they have agreed to surrender Gingee, etc., and
they cannot make any more concessions. As regards the 10th
article of the English project, how far the French are anxious for
peace may be clearly seen from the sacrifice they are ready to
make in surrendering such important places as Masulipatam and
Divi Island to the Moors, in exclusion of all other European
nations. But the French cannot admit the English claim to the
Divi Island. No titles have ever been produced and the French
hold a letter from the Governor of Madras to the Subahdar of the
Deccan applying for a grant of it. The terms used regarding
Masulipatam in the English project are too obscure to pass. The
French can make no further concessions for peace than the surren-
der of these two places.
A new project is therefore necessary. The first article of the
French project relates to the cessation of hostilities. The troops
are to be withdrawn into the territories actually held, so that the
CALENDAR FOR 1753 ^754 237
evacuations may be deferred till the Nawab has performed his
share in the treaty. Article 2 is designed to secure a good harmony
in India. The principle of non-interference is taken from the
English project. The formal disavowal of disturbing Indian Princes
in their governments prevents the French from supporting any
rival of Muhammad AH. The observation of this article would
have prevented all the hostilities which have taken place. The
sincerity of the French is further proved by their renunciation
of the command of the country from the Kistna to Cape Comorin
granted to Dupleix. Article 3 relates to the places to be held
in Tanjore and the Carnatic. Poonamallee has been omitted
because the French do not know how far it is from Fort St. George.
Gingee and Trichinopoly are specifically mentioned as being keys
of the province of Arcot. Article 4 relates to the conditions on
which the restitution shall be made to the Nawab of Arcot. Equal
treatment of the Companies by the Nawab has been stipulated with
a view to prevent any one Company from gaining undue advantages.
Article 5 relates to the renunciation of Masulipatam andDivi Island.
It is made on the understanding that they should never hereafter
be possessed by any European nation. Article 7 provides measures
to be taken in case conventions have been made in India. The
stipulations made in Europe relating to the mutual interests of the
two Companies shall have the preference of any agreements made
in India contrary thereto. But all engagements made in India with
regard to the Moors ought to be maintained, because these cannot
be annulled without endangering the peace. By the separate
article peace may be established between the two Companies in-
dependently of the accession of the Country powers. The project
has been drawn so as to make it clear that both the Companies are
anxious to secure peace. The French are prepared to make many
sacrifices without demanding one from the English. If therefore
their proposals are not accepted, the continuation of war cannot be
charged upon them.
Project of a convention between the English and
French East India Companies, received from Duve-
LAER, FEBRUARY 12, 1754. [Public Despatches front England,
Vol 57, pp. 309—316 (French copy) ; and pp. 317 — 324 translation
appended; translation also in Military Despatches from England,
Vol. I, pp. 79—85-1
I. All hostilities shall cease. All troops in the Carnatic shall
be recalled. All prisoners and guns taken shall be restored. For
the present and in future, deserters of each nation shall on demand
238 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
be restored on condition that their lives shall be spared. (If the
English Company do not agree to a cartel for the future, article 3
of the English project may be followed.) The Viceroy of the
Deccan, the Nawab of Arcot, the King of Tanjore and other Country
powers interested in the late troubles, shall be invited to ratify this
convention, for which purpose copies thereof shall be sent to India
as early as possible.
2. As the two Companies are resolved to maintain peace and
harmony and to confine themselves to trade, they agree to avoid
taking sides in any disputes between the Country powers, mutually
to assist each other in opposing any interruption of trade, and to
carry on commerce in their respective settlements on the same
footing as before 1744. In consequence the two Companies re-
nounce both now and in future any Moorish or Indian dignity which
may give the officers in India any authority over the possessions of
the Country powers.
3. In addition to their ancient possessions, in Tanjore the
English may possess Devikottai and the French Nagore; and
in the Carnatic, the French shall hold Villiyanallur and Valudavur;
and the English shall hold an equal extent of territory round Fort
St. George. All other possessions shall be restored to the Nawab
of Arcot.
4. Under article 3, territories shall only be restored to the Nawab
of Arcot in agreement with the arrangements which the Chiefs of
the two Companies in India shall make for their evacuation. The
French Company will only surrender the territory it holds after
the liberation of the French prisoners and the restoration of the
guns taken, and after the Nawab shall have acceded to the present
treaty and agreed to restore any places he may have conquered
from those who may have opposed him. Moreover he shall promise
to treat both Companies impartially.
5. The French agree to evacuate the town of Masulipatam as
several European nations possess factories there. It will also
evacuate Divi Island, but it reserves to itself all the other conces-
sions made to it in the Deccan. Neither Company shall maintain
in their factories at Masulipatam more troops than are needed for
protection.
6. The retrocessions of the several territories to the Country
powers shall be made by the two Companies simultaneously after
the destruction of all new fortifications.
7. In case the Country powers shall have come to any agree-
ment, that agreement shall be carried out provided it does not
CALENDAR FOR 17531754 239
conflict with the present treaty. And in case the Governors of the
two Companies have entered into any agreement which they
unanimously consider to be more beneficial to the two Companies
than the present treaty, they shall refer the same to Europe for
settlement.
8. The two Companies shall apply to their respective Sovereigns
for a ratification of this treaty.
Secret and separate article.
In case the Subahdar of the Deccan or the Nawab of Arcot
refuses to ratify this convention, this shall not be made a pretext
for delaying the evacuations herein agreed on, save that in no case
shall Gingee be evacuated till all French prisoners and guns taken
have been given up ; but should the case foreseen in the present
article arise, all fortifications in the territories to be evacuated shall
be destroyed.
The English observations on the French project of a
TREATY. NO DATE. [Public Despatches from England, Vol. 57,
pp. 341 — 345 (Copy 4% pp.); Copy also in Military Despatches
from England, Vol. I, pp. 103 — 106.]
It proposes that the Nawab shall deliver to the English all French
prisoners and artillery to be handed over to the French as soon as
they evacuate Gingee. By the second article a union is proposed
between the Companies in terms which may be interpreted as
involving an offensive and defensive alliance : the Chiefs in India
should be left to decide when to act together. In article 3 an in-
vidious distinction is made as regards the titles on which Devi-
kottai and Nagore are held. The expedients proposed under article
I apply to article 4 also. The English cannot admit the French
claim in article 5 to the territory of over 12,724 square miles round
Masulipatam. Its revenues would enable the French to crush the
English. The cession of Masulipatam matters nothing so long as
they hold the country round. In the past they endeavoured to get
the English factories at Ingeram and Madapollam ruined. Unless
the French are willing to confine themselves to their ancient limits,
we had better continue the war. Throughout the French project,
the names of Muhammad Ali Khan and Chunda Sahib are omitted.
The explanation of this in the memorial is frivolous, while there is
no doubt that in the War of the Austrian Succession Dupleix was
the first aggressor against the Nawab.
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES, 1754-1755.
DESPATCH FROM THOMAS SAUNDERS, ETC., TO THE COMPANY.
FORT St. GEORGE. NOVEMBER 10, 1754. [Public Despatches
to England, Vol. 20, pp. I— 5 1 (Copy 5 1 pp.)}
Cite despatches of February 7 and March 9. Acknowledge the
receipt of despatches, dated November 28, December 19, 1753,
January 23 and 31, February 15, March 2, 13 and 15, and April 3,
1754, and of letters from Henry Crabb Bolton, dated March 25 and
29, I754-
Report arrivals and departures of the St. George, Stafford, Triton,
Onslow, Essex, True Briton, llchester, Mont/ort, Denham, York, Anson,
Britannia, Warren, Winchelsea, London, Kent, Colchester, and Syren
and Cuddalore sloops. This goes by the Norfolk. The Porto Bello
sloop has been kept on the Coast for use as an advice ship if
necessary. As the Brilliant snow is believed lost, the Prince George
is the only ship for Coast service. Have been obliged to complete
the lading of ships with saltpetre owing to the calamities of the
times. Are only able to lade the present ship now, and half a ship
in January. An extra cargo will be provided by 250 tons of
Sumatra pepper and Mocha coffee from Bombay. It is difficult to
employ Company's ships in India at present, as the Country trade
has suffered in the same way as the Company's, cloth being bad
and dearer. Any ship remaining in India will have to be
employed on the Company's account. As none would freight the
Kent, Britannia, and London, they have been sent to Bengal for rice.
The Dragon lost her passage. The surgeon, gunner and carpenter
of the Bombay Castle have been sent to the Negrais. Saunders will
reply to the letter from the Secret Committee.
Deficiencies in treasure have been made good. Only 2 out
of the 3 cases containing parts of the powder-mill, have been
received. Have received the ' orlopes ' on 2 of the transports, but
not the nails and planks as they have been used. Have landed 30
pipes of Madeira extra for the special use of the junior servants.
It has been issued to them" at 52 Pags. a pipe, while at outcry it was
sold at 67^2 Pags. The capacity of a pipe of wine is said to be
115 gallons, but on measurement it was found to hold no more than
Hit gallons. As to badness of redwood, suspect that the better
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755 241
sorts are picked out and sold to Macao ships and private traders
for China ; have forbidden any sale to private persons. Enclose
an estimate of the cost of the Coast services. All the treasure
consigned to Bengal has been forwarded. Have been unable to
sell all the broadcloth ; and the market has been bad in Bengal
also. Request to be supplied with no more than can be helped!
Lead and iron sold for 13 Pags., and copper for 88 Pags. per candy.
Have consigned to Bengal the lead and iron by the London and
Britannia and the timber and planks by the Colchester and Porto
Beth, as they find better sale there. Purchased 2,542 bags of
saltpetre at the Bengal price from Captain Durand (master of a
Country ship). Have accepted a bill for 24,000 Spanish dollars
from the supercargoes at Mocha, and have drawn on Bombay for
the amount. Have sent 20 coffree male slaves to Sumatra.
Enclose Assay-master's letter. A bag containing 984 oz. of silver
'said to be estimates ' is 2% dwts. worse than usual. It having
been usual for a candy to vary according to the kind of mer-
chandise, have fixed the weight of it. Captain Greenville's treasure
may have been overcarried for want of proper instructions, but the
Sea Customer will in future see that everything mentioned in the
manifest is landed and put in the warehouse till claimed. Enclose
a list of books desired for the Company's servants, and request
as many more on all other parts of literature as may be thought fit.
Deficiencies, etc., in goods have been made good by persons
responsible. Have tried our best to improve the cloth and to
lower the price; but as 'our rivals in trade ' take in all sorts of
cloth, we are doing the same but at a reduced price. Cannot provide
' sicashes ' for it is not known what they are ; the merchants are
providing ' siccatoons '. Are much concerned to see that the
Company is dissatisfied with the method of investment. The
practice always has been to invite the most substantial merchants
to take up the investment which they did, less for profit than for
the 'gratification of a peculiar vanity' of being considered
Company's merchants. 'The wearing of a long coat, a couple of
peons with the Company's badges and other little marks of distinc-
tion, ' are privileges on which they set a high value. Benyon will
confirm this. As there is a lack of substantial men in Black Town
ever since the loss of Madras, have been obliged to contract with
the old merchants. While the troubles continue it is not possible
to reduce the price, and all that can be done is to influence the
merchants to bring in as much cloth as possible. The method of
31
242 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
giving the investment to the best bidders will however be followed,
though it will probably render a considerable balance uncertain
should petty merchants undertake the investment. Are enquiring
about the possibility of a cloth investment at Devikottai. Cannot
provide much cloth either at Madras or Fort St. David. The
Marathas have devastated the Northern parts, so that little can be
expected thence. Three months' suspension of arms may assist
matters.
The affairs at the Negrais have not improved. Taylor has
returned here sick ; Knapton has gone sick to Bengal; Lieutenant
Bilhock's life is despaired of ; the doctor is very ill ; and few men
are capable of duty. The selection of a marshy site surrounded
by woods perhaps accounts for this. The north-east point is said
to be healthy. Persaine is decidedly healthier but is 70 miles up
the river. In April last, an agreement was made with the deputies
of the Uppu Raja by which the English would receive the Negrais
and a settlement at Persaine with a district round it ; but it has not
yet been ratified. Have sent the King of Pegu and Uppu Raja
palankins, etc., as presents. Brooke should however cultivate
friendship with the Burmese also as they might defeat the Peguers
at any time. Will send by the January ship the plans of the
Negrais and Persaine.
The fortifications at Madras and Fort St. David will be carried
on by Engineer John Brohier. The Devikottai fort has been
repaired. Have sanctioned the construction of a wall from the
flag-staff on Martin's battery to 'Tonary's ' [Tournery's] battery at
Vizagapatam ; and Thomas Heath is in charge of the work. The
powder-house is almost finished, and the powder-mill which pro-
duces 500 lbs. a day is under John de Rose, a German skilled in pow-
der-making. The machine will be setup in another place. Lieute-
nant Bishop will supervise both. Have appointed a Committee
to consider the purchase of materials for the works. The assess-
ment proposed by the Company would prevent inhabitants from
settling at Madras. It was considered that the letting of the
Madras farms, on the re-establishment of the Presidency, at the
full amount they were ever let for, was a successful piece of work ;
and regret that the Company disapproves. In future they shall be
sold in accordance with the Company's orders. Have remitted
8,882 Pags. to the renters of Tiruvendipuram. Arrears of Madras
farms are irrecoverable. The Chintadripet people pray for the
abolition of the pagoda duty, on their discharging the Company's
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755 243
debts. Have abolished the tax on imports and exports for the
up-keep of the Chicacole choultry. The refund of consulage paid on
exporting rice from Bengal will reduce the sea-customs collected at
Madras. The Poonamallee country has been rented for 44,000
Pags. or 9,000 more than the previous year. The Nawab has
mortgaged to the English 6 countries contiguous to Madras which
are farmed as follows : — Poonamallee kille for 4,200 Pags. ;
the Seven Maganams for 20,000 Pags.; Manimangalam for 14,000
Pags. ; Covelong for 8,000 Pags.; and Chingleput for 26,000
Pags. Have also secured a Jaghir of 14 villages, hitherto
attached to the Killedar of Poonamallee, on conditions that we
maintain peons for keeping peace and that we allow 1,000 Pags.
a year to his widow. Have accepted the privilege of a nawbat
and music on condition of receiving villages to meet the charges.
Propose that one of the confiscated houses may be set apart to
accommodate visitors and covenanted servants on their first arrival,
as they are now obliged to stay in a punch-house.
For the safety of your settlement on this Coast, have detained
the officers and soldiers intended for Bengal and Bombay and also
received further reinforcement of soldiers and sepoys from those
places. They will be returned as soon as the troubles are over.
The Swiss recruits have been allotted to the 3 companies under
Captains Polier, Schaub and Gaupp. The Captains claim clothing
profit on their full complement of men. Enclose correspondence
on the subject. Saunders and Lawrence are sensible of the
Company's esteem ; there is now a perfect harmony between
them. Pigot arrived here from Vizagapatam on October 16.
Regarding the fraud said to have been attempted by two of the
councillors, it was a malicious report against Cooke and Smith,
made by John Moor, the carpenter, who was dissatisfied with the
reduction of his pay. Have employed Palk, though Chaplain, as
Paymaster for the Army and afterwards as Deputy at Sadras,
because of his capacity and prudence. As he has been very
serviceable, especially in the negotiations at Tanjore, and as it was
expected that he would be employed again, he has been presented
with a diamond ring worth 1,000 Pags. On being relieved by
Major Heron, Lawrence returned into garrison. Have delivered
him the commission and presented him with the sword for which
he returns his thanks. Colonel Scott on arrival declined the
command of the Army. He died of fever shortly after landing.
On hearing our distress for an officer, Sir James Foulis voluntarily
came round [from Bombay]. Recommend Captain Grierson, master
244 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
of the Porto Bello, for good conduct. Have recommended frugality
to the Company's servants. None under a factor keeps horse, chaise
or palankin. On enquiry into their morals, none appears to merit
reproach. Dawsonne Drake under the plea of ill-health refuses
to relieve Walsh in Sumatra ; he has once before refused to go
thither ; he will be suspended if he does not go in January. As
Warehouse-keeper at Fort St. David, Cooke has neglected to
re-sort the goods before packing, and on being made responsible
for the loss, he refused to attend to his duties and has been
suspended. Have replaced him as Second at Fort St. David, by
Charles Turner, although Samuel Ardley was senior in rank.
Pybus remains in sole charge of Sumatra. Pigot, Orme and Percival
have taken their seats in Council. Charles Boddam is appointed
Chief of Vizagapatam ; John Lewin Smith as Second ; and Mar-
maduke Best as Third there. Have appointed Henry Powney
Import Warehouse-keeper and Sea-Customer ; Robert Orme
Export Warehouse-keeper and Accountant and Commissary to
keep the Nawab's accounts; Alexander Wynch Store-keeper;
the last three contractors for supplying provisions to the
Army ; William Percival Land-Customer ; John Smith Paymaster
and Military Paymaster ; Charles Bourchier Military Store-
keeper, Rental-General and Scavenger; Dawsonne Drake Upper-
Searcher ; and John Walsh Under-Searcher at the Sea-gate.
Henry Vansittart is Secretary to the Select Committee. Richard
Fairfield has gone to Fort St. David as Councillor, and James
Alexander takes his place as Sub-Accountant. John Browning has
been appointed Register of the Sea-gate vice Charles Turner. On
Palk's return, Andrew Newton was appointed Resident at Tanjore.
Samuel Banks died August 10; and Peter St. Paul, April 29.
Captain James Killpatrick was made a Major on July 20, to take
Lawrence's place as Commander of the Company's forces. Granted
Captain's commissions to — John Innes (March 25), Joseph Smith
(March 26), James Spears (April 22), George Beaver (August 27), and
Alexander Callender (October 7) ; Lieutenant's commissions to —
John North (March 25), Daniel Campbell (March 26), John Fraser
(March 27), Andrew Craig (April 22), and William Bishop
(September 30) ; and Ensign's commissions to — John Clarke (March
25), George Airey (March 26), Bryan Scottney (April 22), Simon
Hart (April 23), John Henry Meyers (June 17), and Joseph Darke
(June 18). Captain Timothy Bridge of the Bengal establishment
acts as Adjutant at Madras. Among the Swiss, Claud Phillip
Lullin was promoted Second Lieutenant of Gaupp's company,
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755,
245
April 8; Ferdinand Jaegar as Ensign of Gaupp's company (June
10) ; Daniel Frischman de Basle as Ensign of Schaub's company,
April 8. In the Artillery, Lieutenant Benjamin Godwin was
appointed Quartermaster, March 25 ; the Troop of Horse is com-
manded by Lieutenant David Baron de Vasserot of Captain
Zeigler's company. Caroline Frederick Scott died May 12 ;
and Captain John Crompton March 24. Captain Benjamin
Pigou was killed before Trichinopoly, August 17. Captain
Donald Campbell has resigned his commission and returns
to Europe. Lieutenant John Harrison was promoted Captain
Lieutenant April 22, and died June 29 ; Lieutenant Thomas Brown
died September 25 ; and Ensign John Conrad Heydecker is dead.
Intend to deprive Lieutenant Stephen Augustus de Monchanin of
his commission, for protesting to Colonel Lawrence in the field on
supersession by officers from Europe. Tyso Saul Hancock, long-
employed as surgeon at Fort St. David and other subordinate
settlements, should succeed James Wilson. Enclose a general
return of the military and a list of covenanted servants. Although
the number of the latter is what used to be considered a full supply,
it is now necessary to employ monthly writers as well. Desire 6
or 8 more. Refer to Consultations of October 24 for perquisites
attached to the several posts. Trust that the Company won't
deprive them of these emoluments. It is only after long and
faithful services at considerable sacrifice of health and comforts
that Company's servants reach posts of emoluments. A decent
living costs a man 1,098 Pags. a year —
Palankin and horse 132
Dhoby and barber
Dubash, cook, etc.
House expenses.
Dress
Liquors
House-rent
36
30
480
150
90
180
The allowances of junior servants are scarcely enough to feed and
clothe them as well as common soldiers ; and for any comforts, they
have to depend upon their friends. Though fortunes have lately
been acquired they have been ' got out of the common road.' Those
who have misrepresented us have done so out of selfish motives.
The book of Standing Orders has been brought up to date.
The omission to get the Consultations signed was due to pressure
246 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
of work and lack of writers. Consider that Shawmier Sultan's
bond should be paid. Enclose a list of estates written off to account
current London. Send extracts from Coja Petrus' will bequeathing
the Vepery Church to Padre Severini. We consider he has a just
title for it. Advances to Captain Roger Mainwaring. Have
received 2,602 Pags. of Empson's property. Have taken security
for 2,592 Pags. due from John Stratton.
Sumatra affairs.
Richard Fairfield on being appointed to Fort St. David resigned
his place as Alderman and the Mayor's Court accepted the resig-
nation. It is not clear whether the Court can do this. The
Mayor's Court have tried to insist on carrying into execution a
sentence delivered by the old Court, against which the defendants
Haji Abd-ullah Hadi Sahib and Pallum Kutti Chetti had appealed.
They therefore claim the right to appeal to the new Court of
Appeals. The Court of Appeals hold that the former appeal is still
pending and that the Mayor's Court cannot proceed in the case.
The Mayor's Court reply that the Court of Appeals can do nothing
because all the former proceedings are lost. Disclaim the least
intention of exceeding the legitimate authority of Council as the
Court of Appeals.
His Majesty's ships Kent, Salisbury, Bridgewater and King Fisher
and the Company's transports arrived at Fort St. David about the
middle of September. His Majesty's troops were landed in good
health. The surgeons were refused head-money for want of a
precedent. Due honours were shown to Admiral Watson and
Colonel Adlercron-
Supplement : Bombay cannot help in the disposal of Madras
broadcloth, as they still have a large quantity unsold and as they
expect twice what they indented for. Captain Bonham requests
that the deficiency of 33 coils of cordage may be adjusted in
England. Have ordered the payment to the heirs of David Hunter
of the sums of 2,000 Rs. and 110 Pags. which he had disbursed on
the Company's account but not entered in the books. Recommend
that another Rs. 2,000, his private money which he lost in the
coffree insurrection, may be paid to his heirs in consideration of
his services. Have laden 1,361 bales and 200 tons of saltpetre,
valued at 153,600 Pags. Diamonds, etc., registered amount to
184,151 Pags. Captain Bonham's private trade amounts to 5,951
Pags. Have in Cash 7,372 current Pags., and 506 Madras Pags. ;
and in the Treasury, 11,708 pounds of silver, 752,031 Arcot Rs.,
CALENDAR FOR 1754 1 75 5 247
3,235 Madras Rs. and 176,000 current Pags. Lieutenant William
Bishop died this morning.
Postscript : Bills drawn on the Company amount to 1,078 Pags. ;
and the certificates to 698 Pags.
Appended are : — (1) register of diamonds, etc. ; (2) manifest
of private trade, and (3) list of the packets.
Separate [?] Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to
the Company. Fort St. George. November 10, 1754.
[Public Despatches to England, Vol. 19, pp. 69— 80 {Copy 11% pp.),
Damaged ; also The French in India, Vol. 2, pp. 129 — 145. {India
Office transcript.)]
The effects of the destruction of the escort at Trichinopoly
already reported were almost fatal. The fort was ill-provisioned.
The troops were few in number, obliged almost daily to go for-
aging, and almost surrounded by a superior enemy. They only
escaped destruction by the gallantry of the officers and the bravery
of the men. Captain Polier was wounded in an action to protect
a convoy ; but Captain Caillaud who succeeded to the command
bravely made his way through with his supplies. The King of
Tanjore had withdrawn his troops; and the most persuasive
arguments were used to induce him to rejoin the English ; his
general Manoji repulsed the Marathas after they had plundered a
part of Tanjore ; but he continued wavering, terrified by the threats
and promises of Mysore, Morari Rao, and the French, although
averse to the Mysorean acquisition 'of Trichinopoly. Palk was
sent to Tanjore to urge the ill-consequences of his inactivity ;
Lawrence marched and camped near the capital ; and this roused
him to resolve to join the Nawab. But soon afterwards the Tanjore
leader, Gadi Rao, was surprised by the Marathas near Tirukkattup-
palli and suffered considerable loss. This delayed matters while
fresh troops were being levied. Meanwhile the English drafted
every man that could be spared from Arcot, Chingleput and
Madras, to Devikottai under Captain Pigou, who joined Lawrence
at Tanjore. Part of the reinforcements sent from Bombay were
also sent to Devikottai; the rest however were detained to be
joined with the recruits ready to be sent into the field, and
despatched under Captain Forbes to Conjeveram, where they were
to march with Mahfuz Khan who had a considerable body of
horse. However the latter wasted time with excuses, even after he
hadjbeen given half a lakh of rupees with the promise of another
248 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
half lakh when he reached Devikottai. So Forbes was at last
ordered to proceed without him. Mahfuz Khan followed sometime
after, and on the Coleroon was attacked by the enemy who cap-
tured his baggage and some men. Lawrence, after collecting a
large store of provisions, marched to Trichinopoly, drove the
French off by a short cannonade, threw most of his stores into the
Fort, and a few days later, forced the enemy across the Cauveri.
In the Arcot country the English have had a subaltern with a
party of men in the field to prevent raids. There have also been
skirmishes round Chidambaram — a place occupied by the French
and which threatens our communications with Devikottai. These
are all the military operations that took place, up to the suspension
of arms. The French are said to be recalling their troops from
Srirangam. The Nawab's army will probably march to Fort St.
David as soon as Trichinopoly is provisioned.
The Moghal has been dethroned by the son of Ghazi-ud-din
Khan, he and his mother blinded, and his uncle proclaimed
Emperor.
Salabat Jang came no further south than Hyderabad. It is
said that his troops are few and ill-paid, and he himself short of
money. Bussy, having left a few troops behind, has gone to
Rajahmundry to collect the rents of the provinces ' said to be
mortgaged to him for 24 lakhs.' He has farmed these out to
Vijayaram Raz for 18 lakhs ; but as the districts were plundered by
the Marathas, nothing much has yet been collected. ' A dispute
between Jafar Ali Khan and Viziaramrazu was improved by the
French to turn them out and possess the government themselves.'
The incursion of the Marathas was brought about by Jaffar Ali
Khan. Vijayaram Raz is with the French, severely repenting his
entanglement with them. Both he and Jaffar Ali have asked for
English help ; and if possible this will be given. It was expected
that Balaji Rao would have visited the Carnatic ; but he came no
nearer than Mysore where he levied a valuable contribution.
Should he come into the Carnatic, cannot say which side he will
take, for a Marafha always chooses the side on which he will get
most. The Nawab and the King of Tanjore made an agreement
with Morari Rao to leave the French and go home, for which
Tanjore would pay him three lakhs and the Nawab would make
him certain grants. That was some time ago, but he marches
slowly, raising contributions on his way, and has only got as far
as Polur. Doubt much whether he will continue his march. He
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755 249
has offered to join the English for 1% lakhs a month ; but this
is more than can be afforded. The French are said to owe him 9
lakhs; so expect there will be no reconciliation with them, unless
the King of Mysore finds the money. Morari Rao wishes the
English to guarantee this treaty with theNawab; but, as Eastern
princes ' make such terms in adversity as they never mean to
observe in prosperity,' shall try to avoid doing so. The Nawab is
distressed, the English his only help, and his debt great. The
Company will see what districts have been taken over as security.
Will obtain more as favourable opportunities occur. The English
have every claim on the Nawab's gratitude, and, should his affairs
prosper, Council believes they may rely on his friendship. The
King of Tanjore acts as justly 'as Eastern politicks allow.' Both
French and English have settlements in his kingdom, and should
the King of Mysore get Trichinopoly, he would become a danger-
ous neighbour. Hence the irresolution in the Tanjore policy : he
seems to distrust the English less than either of the other powers ;
but ' his unsteady motions must be carefully watched.' The King
of Mysore is regarded as the richest and most powerful Prince that
pays tribute to the Moghal ; but in spite of his extensive territory,
' ambition and avarice prompted him to his scheme on Trichino-
poly.' The King is young, and all the power lies in the hands of
the Dalaway, whose brother commands the Mysore troops at
Srirangam. The expedition has cost great sums ; but though the
Mysoreans are reputed tenacious, they have been beaten so often,
and trust the French so little, that they would have withdrawn
long ago but that the Dalaway's brother fears for his life should
he acknowledge his defeat by withdrawal. Murtaza Ali Khan
'who has had the address to murder two Nawabs and go un-
punished,' is called by Dupleix his Deputy. He has acknowledged
theNawab, and, being an artful, dangerous man, cannot be trusted,
but should not be made into an enemy.
Have received the several projects for a treaty ; and will follow
them in the negotiations with Godeheu, who reached Pondichery
July 30. On August I he wrote to Saunders announcing his
arrival, and proposing a suspension of arms. The English agreed
and suggested the exchange of views as the basis for a Conference.
Godeheu seemed to hesitate as the French shipping arrived ; but
on the arrival of part of the English Squadron at Fort St. David, he
agreed to a suspension of arms for 3 months from October II.
Then the English sent four proposals ; and, after some inconclusive
32
250 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
correspondence, general proposals, which were answered by
a memorial and proposals from Godeheu. There were consider-
able differences, principally in the French demand to retain their
Northern grants. The Company had forbidden any cessation of
arms without their abandonment ; so the English invited Godeheu
to state precisely what these grants were. He replied that he
would reserve all such as could not be proved to be detrimental to
the English and suggested a Conference. The English have
suggested Sadras as the meeting place, and those named by the
Company as Commissaries are to set out between November 15 and
20. The English will insist on discussing first the question of the
Northern grants, as on that depends the possibility of coming to
terms. Doubt whether the French will agree to both sides giving
up all their new acquisitions and being content with their old
grants and a moderate addition. They show no disposition to
make sacrifices, as they call it. The only plan seems to be to
offer English help to Salabat Jang on condition of receiving
grants equal to those of the French ; but that in the present state
of affairs is hardly feasible. Unless peace should be concluded
at home, the most vigorous measures must be taken to carry on
the war.
His Majesty's ships Kent, Salisbury, Bridgewater and King Fisher
have arrived ; the Cumberland and Tiger are still expected. The
Squadron was stationed at Fort St. David, and all necessary
information was afforded to Watson. He was too unwell to visit
Madras in person, but sent Captain Speke to confer with the
Council. As it was thought essential that the Squadron should
return to the Coast as early as possible, it was proposed that the
capital ships should winter to the eastward and the smaller ones
in the Hugli ; but as Watson was ordered to Bombay, he sailed for
that port on October II with the Kent and Salisbury, and ordered
the Bridgewater and King Fisher to Bengal. His conduct indi-
cates'that he will afford all the assistance in his power.
Colonel Adlercron considers that his powers are more extensive
than appears from the Company's despatches. He has sent a
copy of the King's Instructions, where he is mentioned as ' Com-
mander-in-Chief of the land-forces to be employed in the East
Indies,' directed to take command of all the Company's forces
on the Coast of Coromandel, and ordered to take the title of
' Commander-in-Chief of the troops of the East India Company '
in correspondence with Foreign powers. He has refused to accept
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755 251
or answer letters unless he is given this title ; and has written to
the Deputy Governor of Fort St. David that he can go no further
than allow him to give the word of the clay. In their despatch of
March 2, 1754, the Company refers to him as 'Commander-in-
Chief and 'Commander-in-Chief of His Majesty's land-forces,'
and also mentions that it has appointed the Governor Commander-
in-Chief [of the Company's troops]. The Council considered
that harmony with the King's officers was essential to the Com-
pany's affairs, and desired Adlercron to visit Madras for a
conference. He deputed Lieutenant-Colonel Bagshaw to come.
Adlercron has agreed not to interfere with the Company's settle-
ments or the garrisons in them till His Majesty's pleasure is
known.
General discontent among all ranks of the King's troops
regarding the allowances regulated by the Company. Adlercron
protested that he had ordered his agent to stipulate for £1,000 a
year. The ' gentleman cadets ' especially were dissatisfied at
receiving only 2 d. a day. When the Company's orders were
represented to Bagshaw, he answered that the Company evidently
meant to put the King's troops on the same footing as their own,
but that this had not been done, doubtless for lack of information ;
that living was very expensive ; and that harmony could not be
expected while the King's troops were worse off than the Com-
pany's, especially as every officer knew what allowances were
made to Boscawen's people. In consideration of the urgent need of
harmony, have put the King's troops on the same footing as the
Company's, in accordance with a regulation delivered in by
Bagshaw, until the Company's pleasure is known. Trust that
these proceedings will be approved.
Have heard nothing of any Emden ship yet ; a private trader
has arrived from Lisbon ; hope the scheme will drop for lack of
encouragement.
Dupleix attended Council only once after Godeheu's arrival,
and that was to announce his departure for Europe. He embarked
with his family on the Due d' Orleans — it is not known whether he
was under arrest. His schemes have certainly violated ' the laws
of the Country government ' and tended to ruin all European
settlements; but if his policy is adopted by Godeheu, he will
appear excusable in the eyes of the world.
Ten ships have reached Pondichery this year, of which 3 have
been despatched to the Isles, it is believed, for Europe. The
252 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
French have received 2,500 recruits or more ; and with their former
forces and the prisoners in English hands, there must be 4,500 or
5,000 French soldiers. Believe all the Company's ships could
bring out 60 or 80 men each ; suggest that it would be better to
send out recruits in the Company's service instead of King's troops.
The Captains that have come out in the Company's service all say
that they could have enlisted as many men as they pleased. The
welfare of the English settlements depends on their military force.
Desire as large a reinforcement as possible. The French have
received near double the number of recruits that the English have
received, even supposing that all the King's troops arrive.
Despatch from Thomas Saunders, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. January 12, 1755. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 20, pp. 73~ 78 {Copy 6 pp.)]
This is an additional despatch by the Norfolk. Reported in the
first despatch that a provisional treaty was likely to be concluded.
But to our great surprise, Godeheu declined, saying that he had
advices from France of April 10 that Lord Holdernesse had
told the Duke of Mirepoix that no Treaty could be negotiated in
India and that the Companies are issuing fresh orders. The
Norfolk was therefore ordered to be detained on the Coast till
definite news could be sent. In order to bring matters to a crisis,
proposed a truce (dependent on a provisional treaty) to continue
till orders are received from Europe. Palk and Vansittart were sent
in a private capacity to furnish any necessary explanations, and
to require positive answer in 3 days. The proposals were accepted
and when digested into regular form were signed. The Truce
was proclaimed on the 1st January. Enclose copies of the Treaty,
etc. The main considerations for making a Truce are the infinite
superiority of the French force, their great influence with the
Country powers, and the impossibility of a meret trading Company
continuing to bear all expenses of war. If war had continued, the
French by means of their cavalry could have protected their own
territories and raided ours also ; whereas we might have lost our
own districts in attempting to seize theirs. Further, the revenues
remaining in the Nawab's power will probably enable him to
reduce his debt. Expect that the Company's investment both
here, at Fort St. David and at Salem, will now revive and that the
demand for imports from Europe will increase. All except the
necessary garrisons in the Country forts will be ordered in ; and
CALENDAR FOR 1754-175S 253
all batta stopped. The sepoys will be quartered in the Nawab's
territories at his expense. The French prisoners will either be
sent home or sent to Bombay or kept in garrisons at their charge.
The Nawab and his family will be induced to reside at Arcot. On
obtaining an estimate of his revenue, as large a part of it as pos-
sible will be applied to reduce his debts. Shall endeavour to
avoid all disputes and appoint Commissaries to settle any that
may arise. As the French keep a large force at Pondichery, the
greater part of the King's troops will be at Fort St. David ready
to take the field should there be any rupture. The Squadron will
probably be on this Coast unless Bombay needs its services.
Although a settlement of the disputes with Colonel Adlercron
was arrived at when Lieutenant-Colonel Bagshaw came here,
Adlercron subsequently disowned it ; but on coming here to settle
final operations, declared that he would not interfere in the Com-
pany's forts and garrisons. Since October, the French have
marched a party of 180 Europeans to the North, and the English
have ordered 400 soldiers and 1,500 sepoys from Trichinopoly to
Fort St. David His Majesty's ships Cumberland and Tiger arrived
here on December 20, with sickly crews. The latter sailed to Fort
St. David. Bombay and Bengal shipping news. The French ship
Magault arrived from France at Mahe on October 1 7. The
Winchelsea will be sent to the Coast from Bengal ; but will not find
more than 800 or 900 bales to take in. The Burmese are reported
to have advanced as far as Prone and may probably recover their
government. Enclose a cypher which when necessary will be
used. Saunders tenders his thanks to the Company for its appreci-
ation of his services. His ill-health compels him to return to
Europe on this ship.
Appended are : — (1) a list of the packet ; and (2) sailing orders
to Captain Pinson Bonham of the Norfolk.
Despatch from George Pigot, etc., to the Company.
Fort St. George. February i, 1755. [Public Despatches
to England, Vol. 20, pp. 82 — 84 {Copy 3 pp.)]
This goes from Pondichery. Cite despatch of January 12 by the
Norfolk which sailed on January 14. From the time of Godeheu's
arrival negotiations for peace were going on, but it was only
towards the end of September that a provisional Treaty for peace
and a Truce were agreed on between the English and the French.
Petty disputes have arisen about tributes due from the Trichi-
nopoly poligars, but hope they will soon be settled without
254 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
embroiling ourselves with the French. Have stopped the batta in
all out-garrisons and ordered the Army to come in after accom-
panying the Nawab to_Arcot. Godeheu's reasons for returning to
Europe immediately is to prevent others from hindering a final
accommodation. The new Governor De Leyrit is expected shortly
from Bengal. Meanwhile ' Bartholomew,' Second at Pondichery,
will manage affairs. The Coast, Bay and China ships arrived and
were duly despatched. Bombay and Bengal shipping news. The
Kent and Britannia will bring rice from Bengal. His Majesty's
ships Kent, Salisbury, Bridgezvater and King Fisher sloop arrived safe
on this Coast. To avoid the monsoon, the 2 former proceeded
to Bombay and the 2 latter to Bengal. The Kent arrived here
on January if. The Cumberland and Tiger arrived here on Decem-
ber 20, with their crews sickly.
Appended is a list of the packets.
Despatch from George Pigot, etc., to the Company.
FORT St. GEORGE- MARCH 8, 1755. [Public Despatches to
England, Vol. 19, pp. 80— 84 {Copy 4 pp.) Damaged.)
A provisional Treaty has been concluded with the French, as
reported in the despatch of January 12. In order to reduce expen-
ses have struck off all batta in the out-garrisons — at Arcot and
Chingleput from February 1 ; at Trichinopoly from March I. The
French prisoners, formerly victualled at English expense, are now
maintained from Pondichery. Of the bullocks collected at Fort
St. David for His Majesty's Train, part have been returned to their
former owners and the rest sold.
For the sake of the Nawab's revenues the Army has had to keep
the field longer than was intended. The Madura and Tinnevelly
poligars, who used to pay considerable sums to Trichinopoly, refus-
ed to pay their tribute though acknowledging that they held their
governments by the Nawab's farmans. On February 4, ordered
Colonel Heron to move towards Madura. Hope the poligars will
submit on the first news of his march. Have desired the Nawab
to order the poligars' tribute to be paid to Heron and the Nawab's
Commissary jointly, to be applied to the payment of his debt. The
Arcot poligars are also indebted to the Government, and similar
measures are needed with them. Abd-ul Wahab Khan, the Nawab's
brother, who is in charge of these parts, has applied for help; but
as he is suspected of applying his collections to his private use,
shall send none till the Nawab comes up, which he means to do
when the Madura expedition is finished. As many complaints were
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755 255
made by both the French and the Nawab of villages being seized
after the suspension of arms, Saunders and Godeheu agreed to
appoint Commissaries to investigate. They met at the beginning
of February and the inquiry is proceeding. No agreement has yet
been reached regarding a single village ; the French seem disposed
to protract matters, in order to keep possession as long as possible
of villages they have no right to ; shall insist on the revenues of
the disputed villages being received by both parties jointly until
the matter is settled.
Salabat Jang has moved south from Hyderabad with a large
army, with both Bussy and'Law. [Passage wanting.] [Morari Rao ?]
who lately left the Arcot country seems disposed to return, and
is trying to seize all the forts beyond Arcot which command the
road from Gooty into the Carnatic. Shall endeavour to prevent
this. The King of Tanjore is occupied in repairing the ravages
suffered by his country. The Dalaway is still at Srirangam with a
large body of horse. He can hardly hope to take Trichinopoly
which now has provisions for near 12 months in store. But as it is
' the grand security for the Company's debt,' have ordered Heron to
leave a garrison of 500 men there under Major Killpatrick, when
the army marches up into this province. A cartel for the return of
deserters has been arranged with the French, and a similar agree-
ment is under discussion with the Dutch. [Passage wanting.]
[After the exchange of prisoners ?] the Nawab will still have about
700 French men. Godeheu proposed their being sent to Europe,
but as he would not agree to the English terms, the matter dropped.
DESPATCH FROM GEORGE PlGOT, ETC., TO THE COMPANY. FORT
ST. GEORGE. MARCH 10, 1755. [Public Despatches to England,
Vol. 20, pp. 86—119 {Copy 34 pp.)]
Cite despatches of November 10, 17^4, and January 12 and
February I, 1755. Bengal has sent grain, provisions and 161 work-
people, etc., to the Negrais on the Denham. The Britannia arrived
here from Bengal on February 7 with rice, and the Kent is daily
expected. Both the ships will be sent to China with 20 chests of
treasure on each. Owing to the depression of trade are unable to
return them to Europe this season or let them out to freight. As the
Winchelsea arrived half-laded from Bengal on February 9, will
be unable to complete her lading with bales by at least 90 tons ;
the deficit will be made up with saltpetre. The Cuddalorc sloop
lost her passage to the Negrais and put in at Vizagapatam. Have
not heard of the Porto Bello since she sailed for Bengal on October
256 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
27. The Dragon sloop was driven ashore in October near Fort
St. David, but there are hopes of getting her out. Have no news
yet of the reported Emden ship.
The ' orlopes' and the trade guns on the transports have been
duly delivered. Have ordered the sale of the last year's stock of
rice, as a large supply is expected from Bengal. Although a large
quantity of copper dodoos and cash was coined only a few years
ago, a scarcity of copper coins has been felt of late both here and
at Fort St. David. On inquiry it was found that whenever the
market price of copper exceeded the value of the copper coins, the
latter were melted down for sale, so that the cost of mintage
averaging 26 % has been a sheer loss to the Company. To prevent
such malpractices, have now reduced the weight of the dodoos;
in other words made the nominal'exceed the intrinsic value so that
it will not be worthwhile to melt them.
As regards woolen goods, we have been unable hitherto to sell a
bale of what we have received this season. Consider that the large
consignments recently made will ruin the woolen trade in India,
if continued, as the merchants will fear to buy any considerable
quantity lest the price should be reduced by further sale, before
they have got rid of their stock. Also, sales in small lots at public
outcry, depress the price. At the sale on February 12, no one
offered to take a single bale, although the principal merchants
offered to buy the whole at the price fixed by the Company.
Believe that the Company's interest suffers by its lack of confidence
in the Council. Have now in stock 1,500 bales, and should more
arrive will have more than can be sold in two years, unless one
season is allowed to pass without any being sent out; and the
Company must lose the interest for one year on one year's supply
as well as the decline in value of the cloth by keeping.
An investment in Devikottai would not be advantageous, as it
would interfere with that at Fort St. David. The latter has been
disappointing, and has supplied only 204 bales for this ship. Had
expected that the Truce would permit the merchants to get much
Salem cloth. They promised 600 bales but provided only 100, in
spite of considerable advances. The Fort St. David merchants
have been bringing in large quantities of cloth, but on a re-sorting,
only 10 bales were found to befit to be taken at any price. Shall
take steps to compel the merchants to clear off their balances.
200 bales have been received from Vizagapatam, 94 from Ingeram
and 127 from Madapollam. These investments would have
been larger but for an insistance on exact measurements. Do not
CALENDAR FOR 1754-1755 257
understand how the French can benefit by buying short cloth at
high prices, if cloth of full measurement cannot be sold to advantage
in Europe. In Madras only 223 bales have been secured in spite
of every effort to procure more. Though convinced that the old
practice of employing Company's merchants would be more advan-
tageous, in obedience to the Company's orders have invited pro-
posals, and four proposals have been received. The first is from
Sunku Rama, etc., and this is acceptable. The second is objec-
tionable as coming from a Fort St. David merchant. The third
is from a man of no credit whose object is merely to get advances
from the Company. The last offer is from a petty merchant, who
grew rich by unfair means during the French occupation and who
would not mind losing by the contract, if he could raise his credit
by its acceptance.
Enclose two plans of the Negrais island showing the soundings
of the harbour, channels, and the Syrian river as far as Persaine.
A storm has destroyed most of the works and houses already
built. Brooke reports that he is preparing to remove to the north-
west point, but the Council considers the north-east point most
convenient. On receiving the present of palankins, the King of
Pegu and Uppu Raja flatly refused to sign the treaty, and denied
the grant of Persaine. Nothing but promises can be expected from
that ' perfideous court ' unless they should be reduced to conces-
sions by failure in their war with the Burmese. This is conducted
too slackly to come to a speedy conclusion. Can only wait an
opportunity to obtain Persaine or some other place on the Syrian
river without which Negrais would be valueless, but with which
it would be of great consequence as a magazine and place of
refuge. The people of Arakan, who are Burmese by race, have
fitted out 300 boats to attack the Negrais. Have therefore sent 50
soldiers by the Arcot sloop and His Majesty's sloop, the King Fisher.
The King of Tavoy has not yet replied to our proposals. Have
made agreements with the French and the Dutch for the mutual
surrender of deserters. As such an agreement was also made with
the Danes two years ago, expect no further desertions as there is
no European power on the Coast with whom they can take service.
The Dutch have agreed to refund the I % duty, exacted from an
English ship for landing her cargo at Malacca while she repaired
her leak. They assert that she was fitted out for a voyage to the
Spanish Isles, contrary to the Treaty of Munster. They probably
hope by this concession to obtain greater ones from the English in
regard to the Natal settlement.
33
258 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
Have made little progress in the Madras fortifications, for lack
of materials and work-people. Have sanctioned the construction
of additional barracks on the site chosen by Colonel Scott and
Brohier at a cost of 11,921 Pags. The repairs to the powder-house (?)
on the Island must be deferred till more necessary works have been
completed. The Company's ancient and present Bounds are being
resurveyed. It would be useful if an accurate survey of the Arcot
country were taken. To accommodate strangers, have purchased a
spacious house in Charles street for the moderate price of 6,000
Pags. It is now employed as Watson's residence. Have called
for an estimate of the several houses in the pettah now rented
for an hospital, with a view to their purchase. The fortifications
at Fort St. David have been hindered as the workmen have been
employed in fitting up barracks. The factory-house at Porto Novo
collapsed during the recent rains. A peon's hut was ordered to be
erected on the site to keep up the Company's right to the place.
Though the Devikottai fort was much damaged by the monsoon
which was unusually heavy in those parts, have only ordered
absolutely necessary repairs to be made. As the Company is very
particular that the farms should be let for one year by public
outcry, have done so in the case of expired farms. Paddy fields
and Salt-pans and the Company's Gardens were let only for 502
and 196 Pags. a year, respectively, though they fetched 750 and
250 Pags. under the longer lease. In the case of some farms
disposal by outcry may be advantageous, but in the case of others
the farms by going to new hands will deteriorate in a few years as
the farmers will care nothing but to make as much as possible in
12 months. Advise that they may be leased for a longer period.
The Mint customs increased by 1,500 Pags. ; the Sea customs fell
by 1,800 Pags. owing to smaller import of grain ; and the Land
customs by 1,400 Pags. due to smaller export of piece-goods for
Manilla and Pegu. Fort St. David expenses fell by 50,000 Pags.
owing to reduction of the garrison there to 5 companies. The
pay of the rest of the troops there has been charged to Madras.
Sea customs at Fort St. David fell by 5,600 Pags. owing to smaller
import cf grain.
On Saunders' departure, George Pigot assumed the chair.
Cooke who was suspended proceeds on this ship. A second Com-
mittee appointed at his request to examine the rejected cloth which
he was asked to take, again pronounced the cloth to be too bad.
Boddam has not yet left for Vizagapatam. On enquiry into the
charges brought against Paymaster Boddam by Colonel Scott, found
CALENDAR FOR 1754-I75S 259
that both sides were to be blamed for the warmth of the contro-
versy. Boddam certainly permitted some irregularities and has
been ordered to refund overcharges amounting to 1,246 Pags. while
he was Paymaster. Drake having recovered his health continues
as Upper-Searcher at the Sea-gate. Henry Eustace Johnson being
in ill-health was permitted to return to England on this ship.
Waldegrave Pelham also proceeds on this ship as the climate does
not suit him. John Whitehill who is appointed assistant at the
Negrais sails on the Arcot snow. As writers are wanted at Sumatra,
Philip Francis Greenslate was ordered thither. Such a transfer is
unprecedented, but it has been made in order to break some connec-
tions which that gentleman seemed inclined to contract. On the
conclusion of the Treaty, Sir James Foulis returned to Bombay.
We presented him with 500 Pags. for his expenses. Lieutenant
Stephen Augustus de Monchanin having apologised has been
continued in the service.
Granted Captain's commission to John Howes (February 17)
Captain-Lieutenant's commission to John Stephen Bilhock (Novem-
ber 15), and Lieutenant's commissions to Robert Campbell (Novem-
ber 15), Thomas Newton (November 16), and Richard Black
(November 17). Appointed Captain Timothy Bridge Town Major
(January 20). Captain John Howes^though of the Bengal establish-
ment has been placed on the Madras establishment on account of
his proved capacity. In these troublesome times, company
Captains ought to be men of experience, conduct and bravery.
Captain Thomas Greenville died on November 28, and Captain
Thomas White on December 24, 1754. Lieutenant Knapton died
in Bengal in November last. Lieutenant Thomas Langford was
placed on half-pay from November 15. Enclose a list of invalids
on the Coast with their allowances. They might be provided for
at home at less expense. The Company stated that the appoint-
ment of a court-martial was not made by written order but by word
of mouth to the Judge Advocate. Are informed that it is not the
practice in Europe and that no officer will sit as President without
written orders.
Louis Madeira's bonds for 25,000 Pags. and Peter Ballieu's
bond for 5,000 Pags. have been discharged. The China Jesuits'
bond will be paid off if our cash permits. Have received 20,000
Pags. as deposit from Mrs. Antonia de Madeiros at the current
interest. This was done at a time when money was needed, but as
peace has since been made with the French, it will be repaid as soon
26o THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
as possible. John Smith's estate is to be included in the list of
estates written off to account current London.
Sumatra affairs.
Have appointed John Walsh Mayor, and Claud Russell Sheriff
and Coroner. There has been some difficulty in constituting the
Court of Requests, as its duties are onerous and as the appointment
is merely honorary. Suggest that refusal to serve in the Court of
Requests should be punishable with fine as in the case of Aldermen.
Enquire whether these latter are ex-officio exempt from serving on
the Court of Requests. His Majesty's ships Salisbury from Bombay
and the King Fisher from Bengal arrived February 1 5, and the
Bridge-water from Bengal on February 1 8. Colonel Adlercron's
regiment is quartered at Fort St. David. Have been obliged to
pay nearly 300 Pags. a month for oil, pots, etc., used by the regi-
ment. Adlercron has refused to pay for these or even to certify
the accounts of those already supplied, but agrees to certify future
accounts. It is impossible to avoid ' disgusts and dissatisfied
minds in the gentlemen of His Majesty's forces ', without deviating
in some respects from the Company's orders.
Supplement: To maintain the Governor's dignity, a service of
plate is necessary, as the old one was carried away by the French.
Cooke has given security for the balance due from him. The
reported attack on the Negrais from Arakan proving untrue, shall
send thither only the Arcot snow. Broadcloth was again put up to
outcry 2 days ago but with no better result. Mr. Dampier (a
Frenchman from Pondichery) and his wife takes passage on this
ship. On the news of Hindley's death, appointed Pybus as
Deputy Governor of Fort Marlborough. Have laded on the Win-
chelsea 841 bales valued at 85,240 Pags. Diamonds, etc., registered
amount to 119,851 Pags. Have in Cash, 13,805 current Pags. and
785 Madras Pags.; and in the Treasury, 1,96,269 Arcot Rs., 3,235
Madras Rs., 153,862 current Pags., and 617 Madras Pags., besides
40H chests of silver.
Postscript : Have drawn bills for 89 Pags.
Appended are : — (i) register of diamonds, etc., (2) list of the
packets, and (3) sailing orders to Captain Christopher Baron of the
Winchelsea.
APPENDICES
262 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
APPENDIX
Abstract of the lists of the Piece-goods investment to be sent home by
1 744-1 745-
i 746-1747.
Allejars —
Bright red
Beteellas —
Ordinary
Oringal ... ...
Pulicat ...
Cambrick ...
Chintz (moorees) —
Ordinary
Fine
Callawapores
Dimities, Fort St. DaTid
Ginghams —
Small white
Blue striped
Red striped
Clouded
Chequered
Superfine-coloured
Izarees—
Fine ... «*
Superfine
Lampasses ...
Longcloth— •
Ordinary ...
Middling
Fine
Superfine
Blue
Moorees—
Ordinary ...
Fine w
Superfine
Romals —
Sootie ... ...
Red and white .„
Pulicat
Masulipatam
Sastracundies, Bright
Salempores —
Ordinary
Middling
Fine
Sarrasses ,M
Sicashes — fine
Succatums— fine ...
Pieces.
400
2,000
1,000
700
5,000
I
600 |
300
800
200
400
300
400
200
100,000
20,000
8,000
60O
5,000
3.000
3,000
500
8,000
1,000
600
2,000
600
60,000
20,000
8,000
Pieces.
5oo
2,000
1,500
1,100
2,500
1,000
400
800
500
500
200
800
1 747-1748.
1 748-1 749.
500
400
1 bale
100,000
20,000
8,000
600
5,000
3,000
3,000
500
8,000
1,000
200
2,000
1,000
6o,000
12,000
7,000
I bale
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,400
3,000
1,000
800
500
500
800
500
400
1 bale
150,000
25,000
12,000
400
6,000
3,000
2,500
300
8,000
I.OOO
200
2,OOo
2,000
100,000
40,000
10,000
I bale
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,400
3,000
1,000
800
500
500
800
500
400
I bale
150,000
25,000
12,000
400
6,000
3,000
2,500
300
8,000
1,000
200
2,000
2,000
100,000
40,000
10,000
1 bale
CALENDAR FOR 1744-1755
I.
the shipping returning in the seasons 1744-1745 to 1754-1755.
263
1749-1750- 1750-1751- 1751-1752-
.
1752-1753-
J753-I754- 1754-1755-
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,500
3,000
1,000
800
500
500
800
500
400
1 bale
150,000
25,000
12,000
400
6,000
3,000
7,500
300
8,000
1,000
100
2,000
2,000
100,000
40,000
10,000
1 bale
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
I.500
2,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
"*8oo
700
300
I bale
150,000
40,000
12,00c
600
6,000
3,000
2,500
600
10,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
100,000
40,000
10,000
l bale
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,400
500
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
700
500
500
500
400
400
150,000
40,000
12,000
600
6,000
3,oco
2,500
600
10,000
2,000
2.C0O
100,000
40,000
10,000
1 bale
200
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,600
1,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
200
1,000
700
500
200
500
500
400
150,000
50,000
15,000
800
6,000
3,000
2,500
800
10,000
2,000
2,000
100,000
40,000
12,000
I bale
200
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
600
800
400
200
500
500
400
80,000
35.00O
10,000
800
5,000
3,000
2,000
800
10,000
2,0C0
2,000
60,000
35.000
8,000
I bale
200
Pieces.
500
2,000
1,500
1,700
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
400
500
500
400
60,000
20,000
10.000
800
4,000
4,000
2,000
800
3,°oo
(b)ue) 7,000
2,000
2,000
50,000
30,000
8,000
1 bale
200
264 THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
APPENDIX II.
Abstract of the manifests of private silver licensed for Madras,
by the shipping 1745-1746 to 1 75 3-1754-
oz.
I 745- I 746
5,375
1746-4747
4,405
I 747-1748
937
1748-1749
17,579
1 749-17 50
69,132
I7SO-I751
24,061
I7$i-i7$*
23.035 & 77 oz. of gold.
I7S2-I753
5,76i
1753-1754
60,298 & 1,286 oz. of gold.
CALENDAR FOR 1745-1754
APPENDIX III.
Lists of persons permitted to proceed to India by the shippings
0/1745-1746*01753-1754.
265
Dates
Names
Capacity
Where going
By what ship
1 745- 1 746.
July 10,
1 Bernard Abraham.
Solomon's serv- | Fort St. George.
Mont fort.
1746.
1
ant.
(Besides 5 other
persons for Anjengo and Bengal.)
175I-I752-
January 8,
William Anderson.
Major Lawrence's
Fort St. David.
Dttrrington.
1752-
servant.
Elizabeth Ball
William Cockell's
servant.
Do.
Do.
Charles Powell
Do.
Do.
Do.
Florentia Craddock.
Passenger
Fort St. George.
Oxford.
Elizabeth Edwards.
Do.
Do.
Bombay Castle.
James Sutherland.
Mariner
Do.
Do.
Margaret Maskelyne
Passenger (the
future wife of
Robert Clive).
Do.
Godolphin.
John Irwin
Mariner
Do.
Edgecote.
Philadelphia Austen.
Passenger
Fort St. David.
Bombay Cattle.
Mary Elliott
Do.
Do.
Do.
Eleanor Cope
Do.
Fort St. George.
DurrisgfOM.
Elizabeth Cockell ...
Do.
Fort St. David.
Do.
William Cockell
Do.
Do.
Do.
(child).
James Repington ...
Volunteer
Do.
Do.
Andrew Ross
Free Merchant ...
Fort St. George
Colchester.
Mary Colefax
Passenger
Do.
Godolphitt.
Maty Smith
Do.
Do
Chesterfitld.
(Bes
ides 8 others for Bomb
ay, Bengal, Bencoolen and Fort Marl
I752-I753-
)orough.)
January 25,
Benjamin de Visme.
Mariner
Fort St. George.
Portfield.
•753-
Frances Rous
Passenger
Do.
Elizabeth.
Lucy Muriell
Do.
Do.
Falmouth.
Jane Morse
Do.
Do.
Elizabeth.
Frances Morse
Do.
Do.
Do.
Emelia Morse
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mary Butler
Passenger (Mor-
se's servant).
Do.
Do.
Edmund Massey ...
Free Merchant ...
Do.
Do.
Francis Muriell
Lo.
Do.
Falmouth.
John Edwards
Do.
Do.
Egmont.
Nicholas Morse ...
Do.
Do.
Elizabeth.
(Besides 24
others for Bombay and Bengal.)
1753-1754.
February
James Lyon
Mariner
Fort St. George.
Anson.
'5.1754-
Amelia Hopkins ...
Passenger
Do.
Ilchester.
Rachel Beaver
Do.
Do.
Do.
Ann Jane Beaver ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
John Thomas Bea-
Do.
Do.
Do.
Francis Barnewall.
Free Merchant ...
Do.
Norfolk.
William Belsches.
Do.
Do.
Abroad.
John Worthington
Do.
Do.
York.
Turner.
Peter Mariette
Do.
Do.
Do.
March 15,
John Hussey
Orme's servant ...
Do.
Warren.
1754
(Besides 30 others 1
'or Bengal, Bombay and Bencoolen.)
34
266
THE MADRAS DESPATCHES
APPENDIX IV.
Abstract of the lists of recruits, etc., sent out to the Coast by the
shippings of 1745-1746 to I753"I754-
Date
Ship
Num-
ber I
Remarks
April 30, 1746
July 9, 1746
November 14, 1 746
January 31, 1747
January 3 I, 1747
January 28, 1 747
February 18, 1747
February 18, 1747
February 18, 1747
February 12, 1748
January 20, 1748
January 13, 1748
July 24, 1748
December 3, 1750
December, 15, 1750
December 3, 1750
August 21, 1 75 1
December 9, 1751
December 9, 1 751
December 9, 1751
November 26, 1751
Britannia
Bombay Castle
Lapwing
1 745-1746
. I II
23
3°
64
Eastcourt
Caesar
Oxford
Colchester
Benjamin
IVinchelsea
1746-1747.
29
23
35
16
10
21
134
Ensign James Cope (age 25).
Ensign William Keene (age 36).
Ensign Lawrence Donaldson (age 31).
Major Stringer Lawrence (age 44 ?).
Ensign Edmund Pascall (age 25).
Ensign John Brooke (age 24).
1747-1748.
Lapwing
Duke of Dorset
Scarborough ...
Porto Bello ...
28
28
30
14
Alexander Delavaux, Chief Engineer
and Captain of the Artillery (age 40).
John Jacob, Sergeant (age 33).
Essex
Triton
Warwick
Dumngton
i7S°-l7Si-
41
57
_65_
163
1751-1752.
I 60 I Stringer
Commander-in-
I Prince of Wales. ! 58
Drake
Edgecote
Oxford
5?
."
69
291
Lawrence,
Chief (age 48).
William Kinneer, Major (age 43).
George Pattison, Ensign (age 32).
John Henry Schaub, Captain (age 30;.
John Francis De Beck, 2nd Lieutenant
(age 28).
John Chabbert, Captain (age 31).
Rodolph Wagner, 2nd Lieutenant (age
32)-
George Frederick Gaupp, 1st Lieute-
nant (age 30).
John Louis Prevost, Ensign (age 32).
Frederick Gurtler, First Lieutenant
(age 26).
John Conrad Heidegger, Ensign (age
33)-
CALENDAR FOR 1745-1754
Abstract of the lists of recruits, etc. — cont.
267
Date
Remarks
December 21, 1752
December 16, 1752
December 16, 1752
December 18, 1752
December 16, 1752
December 18, 1752
December 16, 1752
January 23, 1753
January 23, 1753
November 28, 1753
December 19, 1753
December 19, 1753
December 20, 1753
December 19, 1753
December 20, 1753
January 14, 1754
February 15, 1754
March 16, 1754
Harcourt
Boscaweu
Clint o)i
Edgebaslo*
Suffolk
Marlborough
Winchelsea
Portfiela
Montfort
25 |
55
32
52
51
46
54
-9
7i
William Lin, Captain (age 32).
John Kidge, Captain ( — ).
John Caillaud, Captain ( — )
Donald Campbell, Ensign (age 28).
John Frazer, Ensign (age 29).
Jean George Schwartz, Cadet (age 3c).
Lewis D'lllens, Captain (age 30).
George Hilffer, 2nd Lieutenant (age
42).
Jean Francois Paschaud, Lieutenant
(age 26).
Jean Jaques Vouga, Cadet (age 201.
Francois Flaction, Cadet (age 22).
David Wird, Cadet (age 24).
Jean Henri Sollikoffer (age , 21 J).
Jean Carl Erdman (age [21]).
Francis Lewis Tribolet (age 33).
Francis Lauzunn (age [18])
Nicholas Bonjour (age [18]).
415
St. Geor^
Triton
Onslow
Essex ...
True Briton
llchesler
1753-1754-
62 !
Norfolk
Anson ..
Warren
34
48
34
3i
4'
39
35
65
389
Alexander Callender, Captain (age 36).
Thomas White, Captain (age 38).
Thomas Newton, Lieutenant (age 35).
William Jennings, Lieutenant of the
Artillery (age 34).
John Henry Meyers, Ensign (age 26).
Joseph Darke, Ensign (age 25).
George Beaver, Captain (age 33).
John Tabby, Lieutenant (age 44).
Robert Campbell, Lieutenant i.age
33)-
John Nollekens, Cadet (age 19).
William James Tabby, Cadet (age
14).
Jean Jacques Iselin, Cadet (age 19). ')
Jean Jaques Raillard, Cadet (age 30).
John Tabry, Cadet (age 31).
Andrew Crotcy, Cadet (age 20).
Stephen Smith, Cadet (age 31).
I N D£ X
Abbott, James, 186.
Abd-ul Wahab Khan, 254.
Abraham, Bernard, 265.
Accountant-General. See Mayor's Court
at Madras.
Achilles, 33, 38, 147.
Achin, 5, 12, 27, 36, 92, 205.
Acqua fortis, II, 24, 31, 168.
Acton, Capt. John, 128.
Adiyappa Narayanan, 8.
Adlercron, Colonel. To be politely trea-
ted, 230 ; allowances to — , 230 ; salute's
to — , 231 ; C.-in-C. of H.M.'s land
forces in India, 231 ; authorized to hold
courts martial, 232 ; his regiment, 229,
234 ; honours due to — , 246 ; claims the
command of Company's Coast army,
250, 251 ; agrees not to interfere with
Company's settlements, 251 ; disputes
with — , 253 ; his annoying behaviour,
260.
Admiral Vernon, 2, 23, 28, 29, 3S, 59,
162, 171, 181, 185, 186.
Adriatic [Sea], 128.
Advances, 61, 65, 127, 230, 233.
Advice, 34.
Ahmad Khan, 210.
Airey, George. Ensign, 244.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Treaty, 130.
Aken, 27.
Alambarai. Granted to d'Auteuil, 81.
Alderman. See Mayor's Court at Madras.
Aldersey, William Writer, 216, 220.
Aleppo, 23.
Alexander, James. Factor, 164 ; appoint-
ed to Court of Requests, 208 ; Sheriff,
217 ; sub-accountant, 244.
Alford, Lieut., 205.
Alfred, Thomas. Lieut, of Artillery, 196.
Allejars. See Piece-goods.
Allam Khan, 166.
Ambalattadi Chetti, 164.
Ammunition returns, 16.
Anchors, 47.
Anderson, William, 265.
Andiyappa, 18, 48.
Andrews, John. Writer, n ; to Ganjam,
8, 11 ; extorted, 104; plundered, 115,
122; to quit Ganjam, 136; to Mada-
pollam, 136 ; to Bandarmalanka, 148.
Ref. 145, 150.
Andrews, Capt. Thomas (of Bombay), 122,
163.
Anglesea, 47.
Angria, 23, 92, 109, 233.
Anjengo, 47, 84, 188.
Anson. Defeats French fleet, 51. Kef.
230.
Anson, "46^98, 223, 228, 240, 265, 267.
Antonio de la Purification, Padre. Given
St. Thome by Chunda Sahib, 81 ; ob-
structed/provisions to Madras through
St. Thome, 81 ; imprisoned, 82, 117.
Ref. 85, 95.
Anwar-ud-din. See Arcot, Nawabs of — .
Apollo, 47, 59, 60, 70.
Appeals. See Mayor's Court at Madras.
Apscher, J. B. de. Ensign, 206.
Arabs. From Bombay, 40.
Arakan, 19, 257, 260.
Arcot, 98, 181, 187, 257, 259.
Arcot. 10, 18, 49, 140, 144, 146, 14S,
166, 172, 179, 211, 247. 248, 254, 258.
Arcot. Nawabs of —
Dost Ali Khan. His family at Madras,
15. 26> 32-
[Muhammad Saiyid Khan]. His grants
2, 32 ; applies for a loan of 2 lakhs,
7-
Anwar-ud-din Khan. Appointment, 9 ;
presents to — , 9, 36, 37, 39, 65 ; joins
Nawabs of Cuddapah and Kurnool, 9 ;
returns to Arcot, 17 ; forbids hostiL
ities on land, 18 ; visits St. Thome,
Pondichery, Fort St. David and
Udaiyarpalaiyam, 19 ; forbids the
coining of Arcot rupees, 24 ; ordered
to oppose the Marathas, 25 ; calls in
Mahfuz Khan, 25; disallows Dutch
fortification at Porto Novo, 27 ;
allows the French to attack Madras,
34 ; well disposed to the English,
35; sends 2,000 horse to F.S.D.,
35 ; treats with the French, 36 ;
influenced by their money, 39 ; deserts
the English, 37, 56 ; mediator, 49, 51 ;
visits Porto Novo, 65 ; death. 80, 81 .
Muhammad Ali Khan. At Trichino-
poly, 85 ; English help to — , 85, 93,
94, 119. 130, 177; to Gingee, 114;
appointed Nawab, 114; support of
his title, 117, 119, 146, 178 ; his grants
to the English, 86, 94, 114, 115, 119;
bears war expenses, 121, 139, 167 ;
advised to push his interest at Delhi,
125 ; Moghal's farman to — , 139 ; his
fears and lack of money, 140, 142, I44;
proposal to give Trichinopoly alone
to — , 146 ; joined by the Marathas
and Mysore, 148 ; summons Chunda
Sahib to surrender, 166 ; remits rent
for Madras, 175; at Tiruvadi, 180 ;
recovery of advances from — , 189;
slow in provisioning Trichinopoly,
270
INDEX
Arcot. Nawabs oi—cont.
Muhammad Ali Khan— cont.
211 ; cannot collect revenues, 211 ;
his debt, 211 ; refuses to surrender
Tiichinopoly, 212 ; pressed to make
peace with Country powers, 212;
his army inefficient, 212 ; to cede the
French equal extent of territories,
214 ; to allow free commerce to both
nations, 214; his army wintered
in Tanjore, 214 ; under cover of
F.S.D., 219; quarrels with the
Mysore King, 222, 224, 226 ; to accede
to the provisional treaty, 234, 238 ;
not recognized, 236 ; mortgages
Poonamallee, Seven Maganams,
etc., 243 ; pacifies Morari Rao, 248 ;
distressed for "money, 249 ; to reside
at Arcot, 253 ; Company's army-
protects his revenues, 254.
Arcot. Poligars of — , 254.
Ardley, Samuel, 164, 169, 205, 244.
Ariyankuppam, 60.
Armenians, 69, 141, 153, 156, 165, 168,
193.
Arms. Muskets, 6, 145, 193 ; — for
Bengal, 202.
Ami, 139, 148.
Arrack. From Batavia, 60, 70, 112.
Articles of War, 232.
Artillery Regulations, 116 See Military.
Assaying, 52, 56, 77.
Assay-master, 75; reports, 221, 222, 24I.
Assay -utensils, 215.
Assessment in Madras. See Taxes.
Augusta, 79, 92, 93, 192.
Aurangabad, 139, 145, 150. 171, 177,
179, 180, 218.
Austen, Philadelphia, 265.
Auteuil, d', 81, 172.
B
Baftas. See Piece-goods.
Bagshaw, Lieut. -Col., 251, 253.
Bahar (a weight), 21
Bahur. Battle at — , 178 ; the fort to be
pulled down, 235 ; to be given to the
Moors, 235.
Baillieu, 169, 216.
Baird, Alexander. Writer, 3 ; Resident
at Pulicat, 50 ; Assistant at Ingeiam, 87,
151 ; to Vizagapatam, 151 : resigns, 216.
Baker. Death, 116.
Balaji Rao. To Aurangabad, 210 ; makes
peace with Salabat Jang, 210 ; to Car-
natic, 210, 211, 248 ; to Mysore, 210 ; his
gain, 210 ; offers 20,000 horse to the
Nawab, 214; likely to oppose Salabat
Jang, 218.
Balasore, 8, 9, 37, 47, 69.
Bale screws, 22 r.
Ball, Elizabeth, 265.
Ballieu [Boileau], Peter, 196, 259.
Bandarmalanka, 148, 150, 203.
Bandipalaiyam, 19, 66.
Banks, Samuel. To Madapollam, 11 ; at
Vizagapatam, 62, 137, 143 ; death, 244.
Bannatyne, Robert. Ensign, 226.
Barker, John. Factor, 107; Assistant
Engineer, 107 ; death, 137.
Barker, Lieut., 205.
Barlow, Samuel. Free merchant, 11.
Barnett, Commodore, 5, 17, 18, 20, 21, 27,
28, 29, 33. 67, 68, 106, no, 165.
Barnewall, Francis Coyle de. Arrested,
82. 97 ; confiscated, 97 : sails for
Europe, 92. Ref. 155, 265.
Baron, Christopher. Capt., 260.
Barrowcliffe, Robert. Smith, 108.
Bartholomew. Second at Pondichery, 254.
Basilisk, 59, 79.
Basle, Daniel Frischman de. Ensign, 245.
Basra, 24, 47, 79.
Batavia, 5, 6, 17, 19, 21, 42, 47, 70, 98,
112, 137, 138, 143, 145, 187, 202.
Batavia sugar, 202.
Batta. See Military.
Bausset, du. At Sadras, 214.
Bay, Trie, 9.
Beaufort, 5, 11.
Beaver, Ann Jane, 265.
Beaver, Capt. George, 222, 244, 267.
Beaver, John Thomas, 265.
Beaver, Rachel, 265.
Beawes, 48.
Beck. Tohn Francis d'. Lieut., 169, 266.
Bell, Capt., 153.
Belsches, William. Surgeon, 32, 41, 61,
66, 73, 96, 106, 116, 117, 132, 137 ; free
merchant, 265.
Bencoolen, 265.
Bengal. Detachment from — 35, 152 ;
investment, 6, 78, 201 ; recruits, etc., for
— , 73- l33 '36. 196, 205, 222 ; remit-
tances to — , 18, 44, 45, 52, 55, 64, 70,
75. 77, 79, 8°. 9'. 99. 101, 103, 108,
109, in, 112, 118, 120, 126, 127, 129,
135, 143, 145, 149, 153. 154, i&i. 168,
192, 221 ; — shipping, r, 29, 30, 143,
192,201, 223, 253. Ref. 5, 7, 13, 17, 47,
73. See Military.
Benjamin, 5, 7, 21, 22, 44, 47, 59, 61, 63.
65, 69, 102, 109, 266.
Benjar, 12, 56, 71, 101.
Benyon, Richard, 2, 9, 13, 32, 42, 43, 1 96.
Berhampur. Investment, 8.
Bernard, Father, 130.
Best, Marmaduke. Writer, 127 ; arrives,
136 ; at Vizagapatam, 244.
Beteellas. See Piece-goods.
Bilhock, Lieut., 1S3 ; ill, 242 ; Capt.-
Lieut., 259.
Bills of complaint, 199.
Bills of lading. See Shipping.
Bills and certificates, 3, 4, 13, 14, 18, 20,
22, 24, 28, 29, 30, 38, 41 , 42, 46, 54, 61,
68, 69, 74, 80, 91, 99, 100, 105., 124,125,
144, 147, I52. 153, 165, 171, 176, 183,
186, 187, 208, 214, 218, 241, 247, 260.
Bimlipatam, 28.
Births, etc., returns, 56, 225.
INDEX
271
Bishop, William. Superintendent of
Powder-works, 221, 242; Lieut., 222,
244 ; death, 247.
Black, Richard. Ensign, 206 ; Lieut., 259.
Blackerby, 199.
Blake, David. Ensign, 226.
Bleaching at Madras, 89.
' Bocunjee ', 136.
Boddam, Charles. Councillor, 108, 122,
228; to examine F.S.D, accounts, 123 ;
Export Warehouse-keeper, etc., 151 ;
Chief of Vizagapatam, 244 ; irregula-
rities, 258, 259.
Bohea tea. See Tea.
Boileau , Ballieul, Peter, 196, 259.
Bombay. Fortifications, 106; garrison at
— ) 73 ; gunpowder from — , 103, 120,
I49 ; ship-building at — , 17, 83, 201.
Ref. 4. 5, n, 12, 35, 47, 109, 117, 233,
253. See Military.
Bombay Castle, 30, 41, 45, 46, 47, 49, 51,
59, 60, 69, 103, 162, 185, 186, 223, 240,
265, 266-
Bonds, 32, 68, 170, 226.
Bonham, Capt. Pinson, 246, 253.
Bonjour, Nicholas, 267.
Books, 76, 186, 221, 241.
Booty, 35.
Borneo, 112.
Boscawen, Rear-Admiral . In charge of the
English squadron, 54; in charge of the
Company's forces, 55 ; treasure for — • ,
74 j- takes charge of Madras, 79, 80 ;
imprison* Padre Antonio, 82 ; his com-
plaints against Dupleix, 82 ; sails for
Europe, 90. Ref. 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
65, 67, 69, 75, 8r, 85, 87, 8S, 96, 97, 98,
102, 105, 110, 127, 130.
Boscawen, 267.
Boulton, Henry Crabb (a Director), 229.
234, '240.
Bound, James. Mariner, 206.
Bounds. Survey of -- , 258.
Bounty. See Military. Recruiting, etc.
Bourbon, 12.
Bourchier, Charles. Secretary, 50 ; resigns
Secretary-ship, 205, 216; Councillor,
Military Storekeeper, etc., 176,205, 228,
244.
Bourchier, [ ], 177.
Bourchier, James. Writer, 81, 87, 131, 136.
Bourchier, Richard. Appointed to Court
of Requests, 208.
Boyde, William. Ensign, 67.
Braddyll, Dodding, 29.
Braddyll, Thomas, 43.
Breithaupt, 16.
Brickenden, Richard. Writer, 127, 164,
169.
Bricklayers, 61.
Bricks, 204.
Bridge, Capt. Timothy. Adjutant at
Madras, 244 ; Town-Major, 259.
Bridge-water, 229, 246, 250, 254, 260.
Brilliant, 34, 38, 47, 64, 88, 98, III, 112,
180, 181, 223, 240.
Bristol, 229, 233,
Britannia, 31, 36, 37, 38, 54, 75, 79, 120
I23. '43. *44. 145. 147. 202, 22S, 229,
231, 234, 240, 241, 254, 255, 266.
British manufacturers. Encouragement o'
— , 192.
Broadbeni, James. Writer, 220.
Brohier, John. Mariner, 108; Lieut, of
the train, 116; engaged, 134; in charge
of the works, I42 ; Lieut, of Artillery,
142 ; reports on fortifications, 143 ; allow-
ance to — , 143, 170, 194, 204 ; Call and
O'Hara assist — , 143 ; sends several
plans, 147 ; surveys Vizagapatam, 168 ;
surveys Madras works, 168 ; Assistant
Engineer, 190 ; to command an Artillery
Company, 190, 191, 205 ; plans for the
defence of Fort St. George, 194 ; to
succeed Scott, 194. Ref. 149, 152, 175,
182, 193, 197, 204, 208, 221, 224, 242,
258.
Brooke, Henry. Writer, 131 ; at the
Negrais, 213, 224, 257.
Brooke, John Ensign, 44, 266 ; dtath, 67
Brown, Lieut. Thomas. Death, 245.
Browne, Lieut. Killed, 62.
Browne, Capt., 185, 186.
Browning, John. Factor, 164, 169 ; alder,
man, 208, 217 ; Register of sea-gate,
244.
Bruce, Capt. Made prisoner, 60 ; released,
63
Bugles, 30, I27.
Bulkley Bulkeley J, Philip. lactor, 14,
26; Ensign, 49, 52, 95; Adjutant, 116:
shot, 151.
Bullocks, for H.M.'s train, 254.
Burma, 209, 242, 253, 257.
Burman, Lieut. Edward, 64, 88.
Burrow, Christopher. On Secret Com-
mittee, 220 ; on the conference, 230.
Burton, Augustus. Free merchant, 133 ;
his expenses at F.S.D., 175, 224. Ref.
2,3-
Bushire. Shipping to — , 2.
Bussy. To Rajahmundry, 248 ; farms it to
Vijayaram Raz, 248; accompanies
Salabat Jang to the south, 255. Ref.
211. -^«»
Butcher's shop in Cuddalore, 104.
Butler, Mary, 265.
Byers, Capt. Death, 64.
Cadets, 251.
Caesar, 266.
Caillaud, Capt. John, 190, 247, 267.
' Calacheputra ', 218.
Calais, 3.
Calcraft, John, 74.
Calcutta, 15, 106, 107, 187.
Calendar. Act reforming the — , 158.
Calicoes. See Piece-goods.
Call, John. Promising engineer, 142 ;
allowance to — , 143 ; under Brohier,
143 ; Assistant Engineer at F.S.D., 205.
Calland, John. Writer, 131, 136; Resi-
dent at Ingeram, 182.
Callawapores. See Piece-goods.
272
I NDEX
Callender, Capt. Alexander, 322, 244,
267.
Calvineer, James, 27.
Cambays. See Piece-goods.
Cambric. See Piece-goods.
Campbell, Lieut. Charles, 121, 151, 206.
Campbell, Daniel. Ensign, 190 ; Lieut.,
244.
Campbell, Capt. Donald. Resigned, 245.
Kef. 148, 267.
Campbell, Ensign Peter. Resigned, 116.
Campbell, Lieut. Robert, 222, 259, 267.
Camphor, 124.
Cannon, 2, 222.
Canton, I, 13, 42, 55. See China.
Cape, 1, 166.
Cape Verde, 128.
Capuchins, 99, 1 01.
Cardamons, 84, 210.
Carnatic, 29, 218, 233, 237, 238, 255.
Carpenters, 156.
Carrington, Nathaniel. Assistant Engi-
neer, 107 ; death, 116, 134.
Carter, Capt., 186, 187.
Cartridge box, 145.
Carvalho, 169.
Casamaijor, Mrs., 208.
Casey, John. Writer, 131.
Cash. Custody of—, 56, 155, 158.
Cassell, Tohn. Serjeant and Bombardier,
165
Castes, in Black Town, 194.
Castro, Samuel de. Diamond and coral
merchant, 77.
Cauveri, The, 248.
Cavalry. See Military.
Cay, 199.
Census, 56.
Centaur, 171.
Cessation of arms, 63, 71, 226, 233, 234.
Ceylon, 15, 20.
Chabbert, Capt. John, 160, 161, 169, 170,
175, 176. 182, 185, 196, 266.
Chace, Capt. James. At Tiruviti, 211 ;
repulsed the French, 211 ; lost a party,
211 , death, 206.
Chaise, 225.
Chandler, Samuel. Surgeon, 224.
Charity school at Madras, 72, 207.
Charles, 29.
Charles Point, 19.
Charles Street, 258.
Charmant, 12.
Charter, 171, 198,208, 217.
Chauncy, Richard. On Secret Committee,
44, 220, 230
Chauth. Explained, 210.
Chay goods, 84, 93.
Cheeseborough, Joshua. Ensign, 49 ;
cornet, 52.
Chester, 59, 90.
Chesterfield, 59, 79, 80, 83, 93, 162, 165,
181, 185, 186, 187,265.
Chetpattu, 139, 148, 178,
Cheyne, Capt. Francis, 162.
Chicacole, 214, 219.
Chicacole choultry, 243,
Chidambaram, 114, 21 1, 248.
China. Gold, 192 ; investment in — • 57,
71, 102, 129, 167 ; sandalwood for— ,84 ;
— shipping, 13, 16, 17, 29, 43, 59, 70, 74,
75, 79, 80, 83, 92, 101, 102, in, 126,
r35> x47> 1 6c, 181, 192, 201,215,219;
supercargoes for — , 160, 188, 221 ; tin
for — , 84. Ref. 4, 22, 32, 55. See
Canton.
China [Sea], 3c.
Chinaware, 16, 231.
Chinese massacre, off Sumatra, 163.
Chingleput, 178, 203, 219, 243, 247, 254.
Chinnatambi, 156.
Chintadripet, 8, II, 28, 31,56, 156,204,
216, 242.
Chintz. See Piece-goods.
Cholagga Nayinar. Poligarat Devikottai,
115.
Christenings, etc., 225.
Christians, 198.
Chunam, 204.
Chunda Sahib. Released by the Marathas,
85 ; General of the Nawab of Arcot, 81 ;
retires on the Nawab's defeat, 81 ; pre-
judiced by the French, 80, 85 ; rallies
his men against the Nawab, 81 ; pro-
claimed Nawab, 81, 119; grants 42
villages to the French, 81 ; at Pondi-
chery, 82 ; opposes Nasir Jang, 83 ;
joins Muzaffar Jang, 85 ; invades the
Carnatic, 85 ; defeats and kills Anwar-
ud-din Khan, 85 ; halts at Arcot, 85 ;
reception at Pondichery, 85 ; not recog-
nized by the English, 85 ; demands St.
Thome, 85 ; appoints Father Antonio
Havildar of St. Thome, 85 ; attacks
Udaiyarpalaiyam, 93 : attacks Tanjore,
93, 94 ; supported by the French, 114,
125; captures Tiruviti, 114; attacks
Chidambaram, 114; demands sea ports
from the English, 119; takes Chetpattu,
139 ; takes Ami, 139 ; to Arcot, 139 ; to
Trichinopoly, 139 ; at Srirangam, 140 ;
pressed for money, 144; crosses Coleroon,
144; takes Koyiiadi, 144 ; merely screens
French ambition, 146; suspected as the
writer of Salabat Jang's letters, 146;
prevented from collecting revenues,
146; rallies at Chetpattu, 148; at
Covelong, 148; defeated at Ami, 148;
his son plunders Poonamallee villages,
150 ; raises the siege of Trichinopoly,
166; retires to Srirangam, 166, 172;
surrenders to Manoji, 166; cut off, 166,
172; his cause declining, 171 ; legality
of his claim, 178. Ref. 113, 115, 121,
141, 234, 236, 239.
Church and State, 15.
Church at Madras. See Portuguese
Church at Madras.
Church at Vepery, 169, 176, 182, 216,224,
246.
Church organ, 208.
Church stock, 69, 71, 72, 90, 91, 98,
123, 170.
Church wardens, 186, 195, 196.
Churchey, John. At Vizaga.patam, 62,
I37; at Ingeram, 116; death, 143.
INDEX
273
Cibele, 51.
Civil suits, 198.
Clack, Joseph. Ensign, 183, 206.
Clarke, John, 88, 178, 208, 244.
Clarke, Matthew. Writer, 127, 136.
Clinton, 267.
Clive, Robert. Knsign, 40 j encourage-
ment to — , 56 ; assaulted by brands
Fordyce, 87; steward, 95; senior
Lieut., 13S; promoted Capt., 138;
embarks for Madras, 144 ; to Arcot,
144; occupies it, 144 ; offers to take
offensive if reinforced, 146 ; praised,
147 ; besieged at Arcot, 148 ; relieved
by Captain Killpatrick, 148 ; defeats
the enemy at Ami, 148 ; marches
to Trichinopoly, 152 ; leaves F.S.D.,
172; defeats d'Auteuil at Uttatur
and Valikondapuram, 172 ; captures
Covelong, 178; Chingleput, 178; his
military services, 166, 182, 197 ; present-
ed with a sword, 229.
Clive, Mrs., 186, 265.
Cochin, 23.
Cockell, Elizabeth, 265.
Cockell, William. On Committee for
Country Government, 155, 169 ;
Deputy Governor and Second, 155, 157,
167, 176; death, 194. Ref. 161, 191,
195, 225, 265.
Cockell, Mrs., 186.
Coffee, 12, 13, 21, 30, 41, 240.
Coffrees, 50, 83, 111,120, 135, 139, 167,
176, 188, 192, 209, 215, 221, 226, 241,
246.
Coins and Coinage —
Copper coins, 256.
Counterfeit coining, 149. 192.
Dollars, 4, 13, 42, 65, 103, 202.
Mohurs, 18.
Pagodas, 2, 11, 22, 38, 52, 90, 112, 120,
136, 149, 163, 168. Star — reckoned by
the French at Rs. 360 p.c, 165.
Rupees, 6, 90, 103, 112, 120, 136, 154,
163, 167 ; Arcot — , 14, 24, 32, 149,
221.
Standard of coins to be kept up, 202,
221.
See Mint, Quick Stock.
Coja Gregorio, 96.
Coja Marut Markar, 96, 100.
Coja Miguel, 90.
Coja Mirza, 8, 53.
Coja Necoos, 213.
Coja Petrus Uscan, 69, 99, 182, 224, 246.
Coja Shawmier, 68, 105, 151.
Coja Sultan David, 68.
Colastry [' Collastria ' j. King of — ,142,
167.
Colchester, 44 , 47, 62, 162, 167, 174, 180,
181, 187, 208, 210, 223, 240, 241, 265,
266.
Colefax. Chaplain, 161, 164, 170, 176,
182.
Colefax, Mrs., 186.
Colefax, Mary, 265.
Coleroon, The, 140, 248.
Coleroon Point, 70.
35
Collins, Henry. Supercargo, 83, 88.
Colombo, 70.
Combes, Thomas. Second at the Xegrais,
161.
Commander-in-Chief, sits as Third and
advises on military matters, 184.
Commissaries. For receiving Madras,
96; to inquire into infringement of the
treaty, 255.
Committee. Appointment of — , 158; —
of accounts, 116; — for Country affairs,
'55, '69 ; — of treasury, 158, 169 ; — of
works, 156, 242.
Communion plate, 76.
Comorin (Cape), 179, 212, 214, 237.
Company's merchants, 15,24, 31, 120, 136,
193, 241 ; their balances, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
11, 14, 31, 38, S3, 55, 61, 65, 76, 84,96,
103, 129, 168, 193; — at F.S.D.,
64, 256 ; — at Madras, 54, 132.
Company's servants —
Conduct : To be watched, 192, 222, 225 ;
to be diligent, 30, 78 ; dishonesty and
disobedience to be discountenanced,
2, 76, 130, 158, 170, 206; to be frugal,
225, 244, 245 ; to be harmonious, 155,
222, 226 ; immorality to be dis-
couraged, 206 ; to be obliged to
attend church every Sunday, 225 ; not
to resign without notice, 195.
Covenants and securities from — , 56, 77,
131, 164.
Employment overseas, 1 82.
Lists of—, 3, IOI, 245.
Pay and allowances of — , 132, 182.
Perquisites, 225, 245.
Qualifications in Persian, Country
languages, arithmetic and book-
keeping, 131, 195.
Supersessions among --, 185,224.
Table for — , 40, 49.
Trade overseas prohibited, 2, 224.
Want of — , 40, 95, 116.
Work to be frequently changed, 131.
Company's servants at Madras. Position
of —,'52, 54,56, 76, 87, 89, 158.
Compass variations, 107.
Conference. See Sadras.
Confidential proceedings, I24.
Conicoplies, 40, 50.
Conjeeveram, 151, 247.
Consulage, 202, 243.
Consultations. Index, marginal notes,
page dates to — , 132, 195 ; signing
of — , 109, 225, 245 ; — to note wills, 69.
Cooke, Capt., 171.
Cooke, Lieut. Francis. Resigns, 116.
Cooke, Thomas. To Council, 54, 87 ;
Second at Madras, 122 ; at F.S.D.,
169, 176; Councillor in camp, 207,
212; his mercenary character, 207;
malicious charge against — , 243 ; sus-
pended, 244; goes to Europe, 258. Kef.
39, 50, 66, 228, 260.
Cooper, Joseph. Writer, 108.
Cooper, Joseph Edward. Ensign, 116;
Quartermaster, 151 ; Lieut., 176; killed,
175 ; estate of — , 208.
274
INDEX
Cooum (river), 43.
Cope, Eleanor, 265.
Cope, Henry. Resident at Porto Novo,
50 ; Military Storekeeper, 87.
Cope, James. Ensign, 44 ; Judge-Advo-
cate, 50, 105 ; disciplines the military,
63 ; Lieut.' and Adjutant, 63 ; Capt.-
Lieut., 67; given a company, 88; to
help Muhammad Ali, 93 ; to join Nasir
Jang from Trichinopoly, 113 ; joins the
Nawab near Tiruviti, 114; to Trichino-
poly, 119, 146 ; death, 151. Ref. 266.
Copenhagen, 46.
Copper, 2, 6, 7, 16, 18, 24, 31, 47, 103,
120, 202, 221,241 ; —hoops, 152, 193;
— plates, 191.
Coral, 6, 22, 23, 28, 41, 49, 100, 127,
154, 221 ; — merchants, 77, 168.
Cordage, 246.
Coringa, 150.
Cork, 229.
Coromandel, 53, 71. 142, 153.
Cotesworth, 9.
Cotton, 48, 63, 84, 135.
Council. Its constitution, 22S ; powers, 62,
230, 232.
Council of War, 68.
Counterfeit seals, 146.
Country government. Policy with — , 9,
15. 54. 56. 76, 104, 121, 128, 130,
142, 151 ; troubles from — , 25, 27, 113.
Ref. 14, 20, 69, 125, 183.
Country languages, 195.
Country news, 86.
Country voyages, 153, 162.
Court of Appeals, 246.
Court of Chancery, 3.
Court of Directors, 1 55-
Court of Equity. 183, 199.
Court of Oyer and Terminer, 198, 208.
Court of Quarter Sessions at Madras, 159.
Court of Requests, 198, 199, 208, 217,
260.
Courts-martial, 169, 196, 232, 250.
Courts. See Mayor's Court at Madras.
Covelong, 10, 81, 117, 118, i48, 150,
175, 178, 185, 243.
Craddock, Florentia, 265.
Craig, Andrew. Ensign, 206 ; Lieut., 244.
Cranes, 94.
Crankanalla Bay, 64.
Croke, Edward. Given gratuity, 3, 11 ;
declines Governorship, 39 ; his house,
49; on Council, 53, 56 ; to continue in
service, 109 ; disapproves the support of
Shahjii29; gratuity to — ,158. Ref. 66.
Crompton, C'apt. John. Given a company,
88; at Vizagapatam, 143; death, 245
Ref. 48, 95-
Crotty, Andrew. Cadet, 232, 267
Crow, Jacob. Ensign, 183 ; death, 206.
Cuddalore, Butcher's shop at — , 104 ;
fortifications at — , 26, 66, 94, 95 ; French
attack on — , 60, 61, 67, 78 ; —garrison,
88 ; hospital at — , 1 21 ; mint at — , 56.
Ref. 27, 80, 98, 165.
Cuddalore, 83, 88, 187, 240, 255.
Cuddapah, Nawab of — . Murders Nasir
Jang,. 118; his partisans oppose Nizam
Ali, 125 ; stops a French party, 171. Ref.
9, 25.
Cumberland, 233, 250, 253, 254.
Cumberland, Duke of — , 189, 190.
Cumming, Capt. James, 55.
Cypher, 253.
Dalaway, at Srirangam, 249, 255.
Dalrymple, Alexander. Writer, 191, 205.
Dalton, Capt. John. Given a company, 88 ;
accompanies the embassy to Nasir Jang,
94 ; allegations regarding the French,
123 ; defeats the enemy at Uttatur, 140 ;
crosses the Cauveri, 140 ; resign*, 217.
Ref. 211.
Damaji, 139.
Dampier (Frenchman), 260.
Danish Competition, 38, 136 ; deserters,
257 ; missionaries, 131, 156, 159, 168,
176, 182, 216, 224 ; shipping, 5, 20,
138, 143, 171, 176, 213.
Darke, Joseph. Ensign, 222, 244, 267.
David, Sultan, 20, 226.
Davidson, John. . Writer, 191, 205.
Davis, Ensign, 183.
Davis, William, 9, 43.
Dawson, George. Writer, 127, 136, 205.
Dawson, Jacob. Mariner, 108.
Deal Castle, 59, 70, 90.
Death returns, 56.
Deccan, 177, 233,238 ; Viceroy of — , 139,
234, 236, 238, 239.
Delavaux, Capt. Alexander. Chief Engi-
neer and Capt. of the Artillery train,
57. 58 ; opinion on the defence of
FS.D., 68; deserts, 83, 88. Ref. 66,
67, 86, 94, 95, 101, 108, 266.
Delawar, 56, 59, 71, IOI, 112, 159,
160, 174, 180, 181, 187, 188, 201, 202,
208, 213, 223.
Delhi, no, 125, 210.
Dencker, Peter, 27, 53, 76, 104, 105, 127,
196, 207.
Detiham, 223, 227, 240, 255.
D'ptford, 27, 29, 59, 90.
Deserters, 169, 234, 237-38, 255, 257.
Desertion. Act regarding" — , 232.
Despatches. Late — , to be sent by the
Bombay ships, 188 ; shortness of Madras
— complained of, IOI.
Destitute men. To be sent home, 164.
Devanampattanam, 19, 45, 62, 66 ; Dutch-
factory at — , 50, 76, 91 ; — river, 95.
Devanampattanam , 98.
Devikottai. Described, 81 ; occupied, 81 ;
plan of — , 82 ; to be captured, 86 ; its
revenues, etc., 86; farman for — , 115,
119 ; survey of — , 121 ; to be self-sup-
porting, 130 ; its capture disapproved,
129 ; but to be maintained and retained,
130, 141, 224; formally granted by
Tanjore, 155; fortifications at — , 175,
242, 258 ; investment at — , 242, 256.
Ref. 94, 235, 238, 239, 247, 248.
i NDEX
275
Devikottai, Chief of — , 169^ 182, 205.
Diamond island, 209.
Diamonds, 13, 21, 22, 23, 28, 41, 46, 5r,
53, 62, 64, 69, 77, 80, 91, 99, in, 117,
124, 125, 13S, 144, 147, 183, 186, 187,
208, 214, 218, 246, 260 ; merchants, 30,
77, 202 ; registry of — , 152.
Diana, 171.
Dickenson, John. Lieut, of the train,
186.
Diet money, 41, 57, 164, 216.
Dimities. See Piece-goods.
Disputes. Easily disposable — should not
be referred home, 225.
Divi island, 118, 119, 124, 145, 147, 149,
154, 174, 179, 333. 235, 236, 237, 238.
Dobbins, Charles, 195.
Dodington, 126, 133.
Dogan, William. Mariner, 77.
Dolben, George. Writer, 161, 164, 169,
216.
Dolphin, 5, 13, 14, 16, 17, iS, 21, 22. 23,
28, 29, 56, 57, 102.
Dominicus, Abraham, 159, 187.
Donaldson, Lawrence. Ensign, 44, 67,
266.
Don Cailos, 118, 147, 187.
Dorrill, Capt, 124.
Douglas, Dr., 117.
Doulatabad, 210.
Downes, The, 71.
Dowsett, Robert. Writer, 220.
Dragon, 79, 84, 126, 143, 144, 151, 181,
. 188, 201, 202, 213, 215, 240, 256.
Drake, Dawsonne. Military Paymaster,
116; Supervisor of the West Coast,
205 ; declines to go, 206, 244 ; Upper-
searcher, 244, 259.
Drake, George. Writer, 16, 26.
Drake. Governor, 216.
Drake, Roger. On Secret Committee,
220.
Drake, 160, 165, 215, 266.
Due £ Orleans, 251.
Duke, 13.
Duke of Cumberland, m, 118, 128, 133.
* Duke of Dorset, 55, 59, 138, 266
Duke of Parma, 138.
Dumarchais, 83, 88, 116, 133.
Duncombe [Duncumbe', John. Writer,
30, 40, 49, 61, 78.
Dupleix. Attacks F.S.D., 20, 51 ; seeks
Nawab's mediation, 49, 51 ; gets Cove-
long, 81 ; hatred of the English, 81, Si,
85; helps Chunda Sahib, 81, 85;
supports Muzaffar Jang, 85 ; their recep-
tion at Pondichery, 85, 118; gets
farman to Father Antonio for St. Thome,
85; his power in the Carnatic, 119;
protests against — , 123, 125, 140 ;
slights English claims to Trichinopoly,
140 ; accuses Goodere, 145 ; his hand
in Salabat Jang's letters, 146 ; styled
' Moghal's Governor,' 146 ; obstructs
English trade in the North, 148 ; his
lengthy letter on Carnatic affairs, 152,
193 ; proposes peace, 167 ; seeks help
from Deccan, 171 ; disappointed, 173 ;
Dupleix— cont.
confines Law, 173 ; foments disputes
between the- Marathas and Mysoreans,
T73 ; negotiates with them, 179 ; seizes
a Swiss company going to V . S. D.,
'79, 185 ; his ambition, 179,
212, 219 ; frustrates the Sauras con-
ference, 214 ; considers prisoners as
hostages, 211 ; financially backed by the
French Company and Government, 212 ;
calls Murta/.a Ali Khan his deputy, 249;
leaves for Europe, 251 ; his policy, 251.
Ref. 10, 12, 27, 28, 29, 35, 62, 63, 70,
95. 97, 216, 217, 237, 239.
Dupleix, Madame. Receives Porto Novo,
81.
Dupre, Josias. Factor, 164, 169 ; Secre-
tary, 205, 216.
Durand, Capt., 241.
Durgarayapatnam, 31, 47, 84.
Durringtun, 5, II, 13, 153, 161, 162, 167,
172, 201, 215, 218, 265, 266.
Dutch. At Batavia, 98 ; in Borneo, 112 ;
in Ceylon, 25 ; at Devanampattanam,
50, 76, 91 ; in Malacca, 72, 216, 257 ;
at Masulipatam, 117, 145, 176; at
Negapatam, 187 ; at Porto Novo, 27 ;
in Sumatra, 163 ; in Tavoy, 210 ; in
Tenasserim, 224; — competition, 7, 18,
28, 31, 38, 63; — deserters, 255, 257;
— hostility to the French, 53, 68 ; —
policy in the Carnatic, 141, 143, 152,
155 ;— shipping, 21, 70, 138, 153, 171 ;
tribute for Pulicat and Sadras, 219.
Dutch settlements. Residents in — , 87.
Duvelaer, 234, 237.
Eagle, 229, 233.
Eastcourt, 266.
East India bonds, 186, 226.
East India Company. Preferred, 9 ;
allowed free trade, 140 ; acts only as
mediators, 177 ; its prestige, 148, 150.
Eckman, Lieut. Peter, 77, 89.
Edgebaslon, 29, 59, 70, 190, 191, 267.
Edgecote, 59, 160, 265, 266.
Edwards, Edward. Factor and assay-
master, 77; alderman, 20S. Ref. 112,
217.
Edwards, Elizabeth, 265.
Edwards, John, 265.
Egmont, 20i, 265.
Fgmore, 87, 216 ; — redoubt, 182, 224.
Elizabeth, 59, 91, 92, 94, 97, 99, 113, 153,
201, 265.
Elliott, Mary, 265.
EUham, 12, 17, 47, 51, 59, 90.
Embden [Emden], 128, 251, 256; —
Company, 227.
Emerald, 30, 127, 221.
hmpson, Matthew. Sheriff, 27 ; re-enter-
tained, 52 ; death, 151. Ref. 225,
246.
Engineer, Chief, 57.
Engineering. Instructions, 106-107 ;
training in — , 58.
w
Index
English prisoners in Ceylon, 15, 25.
English Squadron, 5, 6, 12, 17, 18, 2t, 27,
28, 30, 33, 36, 39, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51,54,
55, 59, 61, 64, 67, 69, 75, 77, 79, S3, 90,
95, 106, no, 116, 158, 227, 228, 229,
230, 233, 249, 250, 253.
English trade, endangered, 117.
Erdman, Jean Carl, 267.
Espremenil, d', 34.
Essex, 240, 266, 267.
Establishment lists, 101, 158.
Estates, of persons dying in India, 229,
246.
Exchange rates, to be sent home, 154.
Exeter, 41, 47, 51, 59, 60, 69, 90, 12S,
161.
Expedition, 28.
Extraordinary occurrences, 124.
Eyles, 147.
Eyre, Thomas, 36, 39, 50, 99, 125, 196,
207, 217.
Fabry, John. Cadet, 232.
Fail let, 27.
Fairfield, Richard. Writer, 30, 66, 116,
137, '95. 2o8> 2I7> 244, 246.
Falmouth, 57.
Falmouth, 201, 265.
Fame, 21.
Fanny, 46.
Farms. To be sold at outcry, 3 ; how to
be let out, 224.
Farmans. Collections, etc., 104, 125.
Favoretta [Favor i, Favorite], 5, 12, 20, 63.
Feake, Samuel, 29.
Feild, Rev. James, 22.
Fernandes, David Lopez. Diamond and
coral merchant, 77.
Fine goods. See Piece-goods.
Fire precautions, 2.
Fisher, Christopher. Ensign, 183 ; Lieut.,
206.
Flaction, Franoois. Cadet, 267.
Flinn, Hugh, 88.
Flint, James. Linguist, 55.
Flints, 231.
Floyer, Charles. Councillor, 38, 54,62, 73,
80. See Fort St. David, Governor of — .
Fogo, 51.
Forbes, Capt., 247, 248.
Fordyce, Francis. Abuses Floyer, etc.,
87; suspended, 87, 131. Ref. 30, 40,
41, 54-
Fortifications. Observations on — , 57 ; new
not to be built, 83 ; new — to be
pulled down, 235, 239. Ref. 104, 121,
130, 190. See Madras, Fort St. David,
etc.
Fort Marlborough, 161, 202, 260, 265.
See Sumatra.
Fort St. David-
Accounts, 3, 123, 163, 2)8.
Attack on and defence of — , 28, 34,
35, 36, 37, 40, 45, 51, 53, 54, 85, 98.
Buildings in or near — , 19, 75, 80, 87,
155,224.
Fort St. David — con*.
Civil Courts at — , 62.
Council at — , 157.
Fortifications, etc., 15, 19, 26, 39,45,
49, 54, 58, 61, 65, 66, 74, 81, 83, 86,
92,95, 102,104,106, 134, 142, 155,
168, 175, 182, 190, 203, 204, 1216, 224,
»42, 258.
Gambling, 78.
Investment, 7, 8, 28, 36, 45, 48, 52, 59,
69, 84, 92, 93, 103, 113, 215, 242, 252,
256.
Revenues. Farms, 39, 117, 169; arrack,
66 ; bete! and tobacco, 19 ; bound
rent, 66 ; customs, etc., 49, 66, 117,
258; Devikottai, 118, 119, 125;
Poonamallee, 119; St. Thome, 119;
Tiruvendipuram, 118, 119, 121, 125,
242,
Seat of Presidency, 53, 54, 80, 89, 132,
170.
Fort St. David. Governor of — .
Floyer, Charles. Confirmed as — , 56 ;
dismissed for gambling, 108; his
accounts to be scrutinised, 109, no;
allows monopolies, 127; his conduct
towards Shahji, etc., I29-130 ; goes
home, 116. Ref. 39, 66, 73, 99, 104,
117, 128, 202.
Hindu, John, ?o, 28, 35, 39, 41, 46, 53,
54, 71, 80.
Saunders, Thomas. Governor, 108, 157,
228; arrives, Hi; conduct appreciated,
155 ; on the Committe for Country
affairs, 155, 161, 169, 230 ; on Com-
mittee of Treasury, 169 ; his mis-
understanding with Lawrence, 222,
243. Ref. 142, 172, 173, 191, 212,
240, 258.
Fort St. George. See Madras.
Fort St. George, 59, 65, 83, 88, 92, 11 1,
H2, 118, 128.
Fort William, 8, 28, 189. See Bengal.
Fortune, 181, 187.
h'oulis, Sir James (from Bombay). Offers
his services, 243 ; presented with 50P
Pags., 259; returns to Bombay, 259.
Fowke, Edward. Store-keeper, 11 ; to
give security, 32 ; sails for Europe, 50.
Fowke, Francis. F'ree merchant, 131.
Fowke, Joseph. Under-searcher, n ;
elected Mayer, 27 ; on Council, 102,
108, 115, 157; resigns, 143, 151 ; his
bond, 207.
Fowke, Randall. Allowances, 16; at
Pulicat, 36 ; in Bengal, 40 ; declines
Company's service, 87. Ref. 22, 26.
F"owke, Church warden, 123;
Fox. Permits Heron to enter the Com-
pany's service, 232.
Foxall, Sidney, 38, 40, 52, 56, 66, 77.
France, 3, 5, 28.
Franks, Aaron, 196.
Fraser, John. Ensign, 190, 267 ; Lieut.,
244.
Free merchants. To give security, 164 ; to
give a month's notice before leaving
India, 195. Ref. 224.
tNDEX
277
French —
Ambition and interference, 7, 15, 27,
31.79. 85,93. 97. 98, I", 114, 121,
123, 125, 130, 141, 146, 15?, 154, 163,
181, 193, 212.
In the Carnatic. Attack F.S.D., 20»
37, 45. 50. 5i, S3. 54, 7§; capture
Madras, 33 ; refuse to exchange
prisoners, 40 ; support Chunda Sahib
and Muzaffar Jang, So, 83, 85, 114,
125, 139 ; receive 42 villages from
Chunda Sahib, 81 ; get lands round
Madras and F.S.D., 81, 121 ; seize
two English ships, 98 ; encamp
near Pondichery, 113 ; raise the siege
of Tanjore, 113 ; before Chidambaram,
114; at Tiruviti, 114; attack the
Nawab, 114; capture Gingee, 114;
claim as principals, 117 ; remove
English Hags at Kumbakonam, 140 ;
cannot advance nearer Trichinopoly,
146; burn Poonamallee villages, 1 50 ;
attack Lawrence at Koyiladi, 166 ;
at Tiruvadi, 180 ; defeated at Trichi-
nopoly, 211 ; capture Tiruviti,
Chidambaram and Vriddhachalam^
211; their sannads spurious, 214.
refuse to recognise Muhammad Ali
214; at Srirangam, 214, 248 ; owe q
lakhs to Morari Rao, 249. See Law.
In Europe. Negotiate for peace, 220.
In Malabar, 142, 167.
In the North. Factors at Masulipatam
imprisoned, 117 ; to Golconda, 11S ;
invest Narsapur, 136 ; demand 4 lakhs
of rupees of Nizam Ali, 138-139 ; at
Aurangabad, 145 ; fortify Masuli-
patam, 145, 149, 172 ; fortify Divi
Island, I45, 149 ; grants from Muzaf-
far Jang, 149 ; cannot oust the
English, 172 ; help Salabat Jang, 177 ;
cannot draw Salabat fang to the
Carnatic, 183, 210 ; nor get a sanad
for Arcot province, 183 ; in the
Deccan, 210, 213 ; got Rajahmundry
and Chicacole mortgaged, 213, 214,
219 ; cannot give up Northern grants,
250.
In Pegu, 150.
In Persia, 10.
In Tenasserim, 224.
Commissary, 222.
Deserters, 40, 99, 255, 257.
Investment, 2, 98, 117, 135, 138.
Military strength and prestige, 27, 40,
50, 52, 123, 141, 163, 179, 180, 184,
212, 252.
Prisoners, 28, 57, 172, 173, 179, 253,254,
255.
Shipping, 12, 18, 21, 27, 28, 35, 36, 51,
70, 90, 92, 98, 117, 123, 125, 138, 152,
153, 171, 176, 186, 213, 251.
Squadron, 33, 34, 46, 51, 59, 60, 68,
100, 194.
Friell, Chief of Masulipatam, 140.
* Fryers Hood', 17.
Cadi Rao. Tanjore leader, 247.
Gage, Thomas. Writer, 3.
Galle, 36, 180, 181.
Gallopine, Peter. Mariner, 131.
Gambling, 78, 9c, 108, 109, 116.
Ganjam, 8, 11, 18, 22, 25, 28, 38,96, 104,
115, 122, 136, 146, 155.
Garde-des-Sreaitx , 226.
Garnets, 6.
Gaupp, George Frederick, 169, 176, 185,
217, 243, 244, 245, 266.
Gay, James. Free merchant, 13.
Gentoos, 8, 151.
Geographical researches by the Engineer,
107.
George, 47, 74.
Germans, 190, 196, 205.
Gertrude, Father Angelo de. At Cove-
long, 117, 185.
Ghazi-ud-din (Subahdar of Deccan).
Nominates Salabat Jang as his deputy,
139 ; and Muhammad Ali as Nawab of
Arcot, 146, 178 ; replaced by Salab.it
Jang, 146; hostile to the French, 171 ;
reaches Aurangabad with Nana, 177,
180, 18^; poisoned, 183, 210. Ref.
248.
Gheria, 92. »
Gibson, Capt. George. At F.S.D.,
45 ; services appreciated, 50. Ref. 63.
Gingee. As key of the Carnatic, 237.
Ref. 94, 114, 144, 173, 178, 236, 239.
Ginghams. See Piece-goods.
Gingins [Gingens], Capt. Rodolph de.
At Tiruvendipuram, 139 ; at Tiruviti,
139 ; takes Vriddhachalam, 139 ; defeat-
ed at Valikondapuram, 139 ; retires to
Uttatur, 139 ; leaves command to Capt.
Cope, 146 ; attacks the enemy's rear,
150 ; acts with Capt. Give, 152; goes
home, 181 ; his merit, 197. Ref. 15,
26, 27, 52, 63, 97, 172, 208.
Glass, 215.
Glass, Philip. Assistant Engineer, 107 ;
ensign, 143.
Goa, Viceroy of — , 117.
Goddard, Joseph, 12, 15, 26, 27.
Godeheu, 226, 249, 250, 253, 255
Godolphin, 5, 6, 162, 167, 181, 185, 187,
265.
Godwin, Lieut. Benjamin, 245.
Gogo, 46.
Golcorda, 118, 136, 138.
Gold. For and from China, 1, 147, 175 ;
dearness, 18, 41, 90, 112, 136, 181 ;
price current, 154, 168, 175 ; private — ,
264; touch of — , 149. Ref. 165, 192,
193, 202, 223, 228.
Gombroon, 2.
Goodere, Robert, 56, 108, 115, 123, 137,
142, 145, 147, 151, 153, 157, 176, 195,
207, 220, 225.
Goodwin, Cornelius, 87, 108, in, 115,
186.
Goodyere, Major, 73.
Gooty, 255.
27%
INDEX
Gopinath, 9.
Gordon, William, 67.
Gough, Harry, 3, 29, 44.
Governors. Dubashes, 216 ; plate for — ,
260. See Madras, F.S.D.
Govinda Chetti, 149.
Graham, John, 19, 26, 27.
Graham, Phoebe, 66.
Graham, Mrs., 105, 116, 164.
Grain, II, 39, 103, 215 ; duty, 216.
Granaries. Lack of — , 150.
Grant, John. Ensign, 67 ; Lieut., 206.
Grants to the English, 119.
Grantham, 104, ill, 134.
Gray, Tohn (carpenter), 53, 76, 105, 196.
Green. Ensign, 183.
Greenhaugh, Mrs. Hannah, 11.
Greenhaugh, Samuel, 87, 108, III, 115,
208.
Greenslate, Philip Francis. Writer, 127,
136, 259.
Greenville, Lieut. Thomas, 67, 206, 225,
241, 259.
Gregory, Michael, TJ, loo.
Grierson, Capt., 243.
Griffin, Admiral Thomas, 29, 36, 37, 39,
41, 45, 46, 47, 51, 54, 59, 60, 68, 69,
73.75. 98, no.
Griffin, 79.
Grindal [Grindall], Richard. Surgeon,
no, 127.
Gruff goods, 13, 74, 128.
Guns, 6, 18, 31, 49, 55, 68, 117, 128, 149,
159, 165, 204, 234.
Gun-powder, 58, 65, 103, 112, 120, 133,
149, 152, 167, 181, 185, 189, 193, 202,
220, 221, 224.
Gun-powder mill, 175, 221, 222, 224, 240,
242.
Gurtler, Frederick, 266.
Guzarattees, 139.
Gyfford, Mrs. Catherine, 16,22.
H
Haji Hadi. Reporter of Country affairs,
86; accompanies the embassy to Nasir
Jang, 94 ; allowance, 130 ; his deceit,
ill. Ref. 32, 246.
Hallyburton, John, 15, 25, 40, 52, 56, 60.
Hamilton, John. Writer, 220.
Hancock, Tyso Saul. Surgeon, 137, 245.
Harcourt, 267.
Harding, John. Ensign, 49.
Eanlu-icke, 55,59, 135, 1^3, 192, 201.
Harper, William. Fnsign, 1 16, 139.
Harris, Edward, 36, 96, 207.
Harris. Agent of Embden Company, 227.
Harrison, John. Ensign, 116 ; Lieut., 183 ;
Capt. Lieut., 245.
Harrison, Martin. Ensign, 206.
Harrison, Samuel, n, 69, 105, 123, 163,
170.
Hart, Simon. Ensign, 244.
Harivich, 23, 29, 41, 51, 59, 90.
riatuke, 143.
Hawkins, 199.
Head-money, 188, 189, 246.
John, 44, 50, 60, 62, 63,
Inspects the mint, 52 ;
Heath, Thomas. Writer, 57; failed as
Engineer, 66, 108 ; to be sent home,
197 ; placed under Col. Scott., 216; at
Madapollam, 216. Ref. 205, 242.
Hector, 174.
Helbutt. Jacob Moses. Free merchant,
13-
Heron, Lieut. -Col. Alexander. Takes
up Company's service, 227, 232 ; comes on
the Warren, 228, 231 ; Major and Third,
228, 229 ; marches to Madura, 254. Ref.
195. 255.
Heydecker [Heydegger], John Conrad,
176, 245, 266.
Higginson, George, 226.
Hilfer, George, 196, 206, 267.
Hinde, John. See Fort St. David, Gover,
nor of — .
Hindley. Death, 260.
Hislop, Capt. -Lieut. William, 229, 233.
Hockett, Lieut. James, 91, 95, 123, 138,
197.
Hodges, Francis. Mariner, 77.
Holdernesse, Lord, 230, 252.
Holdman, John. Ensign, 96.
Holland, 163.
Hollard, 15, 26.
Hollond, Lieut.
78.
Holt, William.
Councillor, 54, 56, 66 ; Commissary
to receive Madras, 74 ; disordered, 79 ;
suspended and sent home, 87 ; dismissed
for gambling, 10S. Ref. 19, 105, 129,
131-
Holt, Ensign William. Death, 206.
Hood, Lieut. John, 123,
Hopkins, Amelia, 265.
Hopkins, Charles. Factor, 53 ; Sub-ac-
countant, 20, 53, 76 ; resigns, 122 ; to
Divi Island and Masulipatam, 119, 137,
140, 154 ; arrested by the French, 140 ;
at Ingeram, 151 ; at Devikottai, 182,
205. Ref. 116, 123, 218.
Hospital Assistants, 176.
Hough, Samuel. Free merchant, no.
Houghton, 30, 36, 38, 45.
Howes, Capt. John (Bengal), 259.
Hubbard, James, 136.
Hugli, The, 33, 37, 118, 128.
Hugonin, James, 3, 37, 55.
Hume, Alexander, 29, 44, 230.
Hunter, David, )6l, 1S7, 208, 209, 213,
218, 224, 246.
Hussey, John, 265.
Hyderabad, 210, 255.
I
llchester, 45, 46, 47, 240, 265, 267.
Illens, Lewis d' Captain, 190, 191, 196,
197, 205, 267.
Import Warehouse -keeper. Not to be
in charge of bullion and rupees, 158.
Independents, 82, 88.
Indians. Not to be employed as writers,
222 ; oaths for — , 198, 199 ; suits between
-198.
INDEX
279
Ingeram. Investment, 7, 18, 22, 24, 27, 28, 1
36, 37,38, 64^ 93, 113, 136, 143, 181, j
189, 203, 215, 256 ; produces madapol- 1
lams, 25. Ref. 25, 109, 124, 148, 150,
16S, 239. See Northern factories.
Innis [Innes], John. Ensign, 67 ; Lieut.
116 ; to Madras, 144 ; Capt., 244.
Invalids. List of — , 259.
Investment, 2, 30, 54, 55, 65, 73, 83, 127, |
(29, 135. 145, 147, 168, 189, 193, 221, 1
241, 262-63 ; too small to cover expenses, j
223 ; written tenders to be called for,
223 ; to be free, 228. See Sale by out-
cry. J
Iron, 16, 18, 44, 55,65, 102, 10S, 126, 174,
189, 193, 22I, 223, 231, 241 ; Russian
— , 127, 129, 135.
Irwin, John, 265.
Isaac, Ephraim. Free merchant, 13, 217.
Iselin, Jean Jacques. Cadet, 267.
Ispahan, 68.
Ivory, 16, 210.
Izarees. See Piece-goods.
Jackson. Death, 52.
Tacob, John. Serjeant, 266.
Jacobs, Capt. Edward, 97.
jaegar, Ferdinand. Ensign, 245.
Jaffar Ali Khan (Nawab of Rajahmundry),
146, 148, 172, 214, 219, 248.
fagannatha Prasad, 9.
Jaggu, of Chintadripet, 156, 176, 204, 224.
Jaghir, 243.
James (Secretary), 191.
Japan, 68.
Jedda, 69.
Jennings, William. Lieut, of Artillery,
222, 267.
Jeronimo, 169.
Jesuit missionaries, 1 70, 183, 195, 226,
259-
• Joanna ', 171.
Johnson, Henry Eustace. Writer, 131, 164,
259-
Johnson, Samuel. Writer, 220.
Jones, George, II, 14, 39, 45, 49, 50, 67,
87, 95, 96, 97-
Jong, de. Chief of Pulicat, 35.
Judge-Advocate. Appointment of — , 232,
259 ; convenes courts-martial, 232.
Justice of the Peace, 198.
Jute. From Bengal, 187.
K
Kandy, King of — , 25.
Karikal, 19, 20, 27, 50.
Kasidas, Bukanji, 133, 136 (?).
Kaveripak, 172.
Keene, William, 44, 206, 266.
Kent, 14,23, 37,3s, 102.108, 135,167,
228, 229, 231, 240, 246, 250, 254, 255.
Kent, Capt. Henry, 188, 202, 215.
Kerjean. To represent the French and
Country powers, 214.
Kiernander, 98.
Kill patrick, Capt. James, 116, 143, 144
145, 147, 148, 197. 244.
King, William Smyth, 40, 52, 89, 151, 192,
208.
Kingfisher, 229, 246, 250, 254, 257, 260.
King William, 5.
King's troops, 229, 230, 251, 253, 260.
Kinneer, Major William, 157, 163, 167,
169, 171, 175, 178, 181, 182, 1S4, 186,
187, 191, 196, 197, 207, 225, 266.
Kirk, Alexander. Death, 206.
Kistna, The, 17, 29, 119, 179, 237.
Klein, 16.
Knapton, Charles. Assistant Engineer,
107, 143, 205, 242, 259.
Knipe, Major, 2, 3, 10, 32, 44, 52.
Knowles, Capt. Thomas, 229.
Knox, Randfurlie. Ensign, 226.
Koyiladi, 166.
Krishnaji Pantulu, 2, 9.
Krishnapatam, 31.
Kumarappa, 84.
Kumbakonam, 140, 179.
Kurnool, Nawab of — , 9, 25, 118, 124,
125, 171.
La Bourdonnais, 38, 41, 46, 57.
Lac, 74.
Lalapet, 18.
La Mettrie, Quentin de, 82, 92, 97, 98
155-
Lampasses. See Piece-goods.
Lands. Alienation of — , 76, 216.
Langford, Lieut. Thomas, 259.
Lapwing, 41, 42, 43, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62,
9r, 92, 99, I00> I02> IJI> I26> 129, 266.
Lascars. See Military, Shipping.
Latham, Capt. Thomas, 229.
Lauder, James, 31.
Lauzunn, Francis, 267.
Lavaur, Father, 214.
Laverock, John. Cadet, 233.
Law. Surrenders at Srirangam, 172 ; con-
fined, 173 ; accompanies Salabat Jang to
the south, 255. Ref. 179.
Law books, 199,
Lawrence, Stringer. Major, 44, 50, 52 ;
to convene courts martial, 50, 99, 217 ;
on Council, 52, 53, 54, 56, 108, 157 ; to
advise on fortifications, 58 ; defends
Cuddalore, 60, 78 ; prisoner, 60 ;
released, 62, 63 ; opinion on the defence
of F. S. D., 68 ; Commissary to receive
Madras, • 74, 80; salary, etc., — , 44,
76, 109, no, 157 ; to reorganize the
companies, 83 ; in charge of Madras,
88 ; given a company, 88 ; ambassador
to Nasir Jang, 94, 95, 114; to report
onofficers, 105 ; in charge of F.S.D.,
in; recalls the troops, 114; resigns
and goes home, 116; his conduct
towards Shahji, etc., 129 ; regulates
officers' pay, 142 ; on the Committee for
Country affairs, 155, 160, 104, 228 ;
Commander-in-Chief of all Company's
forces, 157 ; reaches Koyiladi, 166 ;
280
INDEX
Lawrence, Stringer— cont.
defeat ihe French, 166 ; joins the camp at
Trichinopoly, 166, 169, 172 ; intends to
leave for Bengal, 167, 205 ; ordered to
Gingee, 173; nominates officers, 176;
returns to Trichinopoly, 1 77 ; falls ill,
178 ; to Tiruviti, 178; his dissatisfaction,
180; his power of appointment, 184 ; his
rank not to clash with that of Scott, 190 ;
his conduct before Trichinopoly extolled,
197 ; to Tanjore, 21 1, 212 ; to abide only
by the Council's orders, 213; ill, 213,
216 ; obliged to be on the defensive, 219 ;
his misunderstanding with Saunders,
etc., 222, 226, 243 ; presented with a
sword. 229, 232 ; Commissary for
provisional treaty, 233 ; relieved by Major
Heron, 243 ; to Tanjore, 247 ; defeats
the French off Trichinopoly, 248. Ref.
61, 67, 73, 96, 113, 117, 159, 161, 163,
181, 182, 191, 207, 221, 225, 230, 231,
244, 245, 265, 266.
Lead, 7, 16, 18, 24, 42, 55, 65, 93, 160,
174, 203, 220,221, 223, 231, 24I.
Learner, Henry, 71, 88.
Lefevre, William, 131, 175, 208.
Leghorn, 100.
Lennox. Permitted to remain in Tndia, 63 ;
ordered home, 105.
Le Riche, 50.
Le Rochelle, 138.
Le Saint Priest, 138.
Letters of Marque, 2.
Lewis, Ensign, 175.
Leyrit, de., Chief of Mane, exchanged for
Morse, 50 ; expected from Bengal,
254-
Lightfoot, Stephen, 27, 109, 1 10, 116.
Limitation of suits, 12.
Lin, Capt. William, 190, 267.
Lincoln, 13, 23, 24, 28, 29, 59, 70, 91,
128.
Lindsay, Capt., 126, 133.
Linga Chetti, 65, 84, 103, 112, 1 20, 129,
154, 203.
Linguist, 71, 112.
Liquor shops, 151.
Lisbon, 213, 251.
Lisle, Commodore, 90, 92,98, 106, III,
117, 164.
Lively (man-of-war), 17, 28, 29, 33, 38,
41. 59-
Loake, Simon, 133, 138.
London, 17, 102, 108, 135, 151, 228, 229,
231, 234, 240, 241.
Longcloth. See Piece-goods.
Louisa, 83.
Love, Capt. Peter, 67, 88, 170.
Lowe, Joseph. Free merchant, 108.
Lullin, Claud Phillip. Ensign, 176;
Second Lieut., 244.
Lynn, 102, 108, III, 118.
Lyon, James, 365.
M
Mabbott, William. On Secret Committee,
44, 22c, 230.
Macao, 5, 31, 39, 42, 112, I35»24i-
MacDonald, Capt. Dugald, 116.
Mackay, G. Alderman, 208.
Macormick, James. Writer, 220.
Madagascar, 5, 83, 88, 92, 100, 101, in,
128, 137, 153, 159, 160, 167, 202.
Madapollam. Investment at — , 7, 18, 25,
27, 28, 148, 215, 256. Ref. 11, 150,
239. See Northern factories, Piece-goods.
Madapollam river, 148, 149.
Madeira (wine), 6, 13, 24, 30, 44, 46, 47,
65, 75, 84, 108, 112, 126, 127, 160, 188,
203, 220, 221, 240.
Madeiros, Mr. de, 183.
Madeiros, Mrs. Antonia de, 27, 57, 97,
132, 137, 204, 226, 259.
Madras —
Accounts, etc., 53, 68, 76, 90, 96, 108,
123, 137, 195.
Bonds and debts, 53, 54, 57, 61, 69, 72,
76, 78, 96, 101, 116, 129, 158, 174,
176, 195, 196.
Council, 89, 102.
Fortifications and defence. Fort St.
George, 2, 10, 15, 19, 26, 32, 40, 42,
74, 79, 80, 86, 102, 106, in, 134, 155,
169, 175, 182, 190, 194, 203, 204, 224,
242, 258 ; Black Town, 26, 40, 95, 155,
194, 203, 224.
French occupation of — , 33, 34, 35, 36,
45, 46, 52, 54, 130 ; restoration of — ,
74,79,80,82,87, 99, 102, 131, 141,
156, 163, 164, 165, 169, 204.
Garden House, 204.
Gunpowder factory, 10, 258.
Hospital, 11, 12, 16, 164, 170, 204, 258.
Island ground, 204.
Investment, 7, 13, 15, 18, 23, 24, 28, 29,
30. 35. 38. 74, 7&, 89, 93, 113, 120,
203, 215, 242, 257.
Magazine at — , 168.
Plan of — , 41, 86.
Rent remitted, 175, 214, 224.
Residence for strangers, 258.
Revenues, 3, 23, 125, 182, 201, 211 ;
farms, 115, 122, 242, 258; arrack,
151 ; banksall, 26 ; betel and tobacco,
15, 26, 125, 151 ; customs, II, 23, 32,
39, 90, 122, 216, 258; duties remit-
ted, 130 ; fishing, 26; gardens, 258;
grain duties, 115 ; measuring, etc., 26,
125, 151 ; mint, 11 ; paddy-fields, 95,
258 ; pagodas, 216 ; Poonamallee, 122,
243 ; salt-pans, 95, 258 ; St. Thome,
I21 ; town brokerage, 26, 125 ;
villages, 11.
Sea encroachment, 182.
Seat of the presidency, 2, 80, 89, 121,
132, 134, 138, 153, 156, 167.
Shipping, 13, 29.
Town-hall, 208.
Trade, 25, 52, 81, 134.
Madras, Governor of —
As Commander-in-Chief of the Com-
pany's Coast Army, 251 ; service of
plate for — , 260 ; cash with — , 56.
Morse, Nicholas, 24, 32.
Prince, Richard, 115.
INDEX
28 i
Madras, Governor of — cont.
Saunders, Thomas. Services appreciat-
ed, 227, 253 ; goes to Europe, 253.
Ref. 255.
Pigot, George. Assumes charge, 258.
Madras, Poligar of — , 86, 94, 130.
Madura, 254.
Magault, 253.
Mahalinga Krishna, 6.
Mahe, 12, 21, 27, 28, 35, 50, 98, 253.
Mahfuz Khan (Nawab's brother), 25, 36,
37, 247, 248.
Mainwaring, Capt. Roger, 181, 246.
Malabar, 56, 64, 80, I02, 160, 162.
Malabars, 151.
Malacca, 19, 92 ; — Straits, 5, 27, 72, 92,
98, 183.
Malaram, 1 50.
Malay interpreter, 101.
Malays, 12.
Malraja (Poligar of Madras), 86, 94.
Mandeville, George (supercargo), 71.
Manilla, 2, II, 20, 24, 27, 88, 98, 171,
258.
Manimangalam, 243.
Manoji (Tanjore General), 166, [172], 247.
Mansell, James. Writer, 3.
Mansell, Thomas. Writer, 131 : Judge
Advocate, 217.
Mansell, Mrs., 1 16, 164.
Marathas. In the Carnatic, 2, 7, 9, 17, 18,
23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 39, 49, 113, 115, "9.
129, 147, 14S, 150, 173, 175, 179, 180,
182, 2j2 ; in the North, 139, 180, 181,
210, 248. See Morari Rao, Mysore.
Mare, John de. Lieut., 1 16, 182.
Margas, 205.
Mariette, Peter, 265.
Mariners, 89, 206.
Marlborough, 267,
Marmalong, 150.
Marriage returns, 56.
Martin, Capt. William, 229.
Martin's battery, Vizagapatam, 242.
Mascareign, 12.
Maskelyne, Edmund. Writer, 14, 26,* 40 ;
ensign, 49, 52, 95, 140 ; Capt. -Lieut.,
Maskelyne, Margaret, 265.
Mason, Capt., 126, 133.
Massey, Edmund, 265.
Master Carpenter, 156.
Masulipatam, 8, 10, 18, 53, 1 1 7, It8, llq,
123, 124, 125, 139, 140, 145, 147, 154,
I72, 174, 176, 179, 237, 238, 239 ; to be
restored to the Moors, 233, 235, 236.
See Piece-goods.
Mathematical instruments, 15. 26, 58.
Matthews, Commodore, 21.
Matthews, William, of Artillery, 206.
Maul, Charles. Surgeon, 186.
Mauritius, 90, 147.
Mayor. Election of — , 198, 217.
Mayor's Court at Madras —
Accountant-General for — , 3, 20, 198,
I99, 217.
Aldermen, 198, 217, 246.
Allowance to --, 26, 217.
36
Mayor's Court at Madras — cont.
Appeals, 198, 218, 246.
Bonds, 32,
Charter, 62.
Court fees, 198.
Decision of former courts, 246.
Powers ceased on capture of Madras, 159,
197.
Register, 199.
Rules of Practice, 19S, 109.
Small Causes, 200.
Suitor's money, 3, 198, 19, 200.
Ref. 12, 15, 78.
Mayotta, 171.
McLean, Hugh (overseer), 86.
M'Facbern, Capt. At Tavoy, 210.
Medicines, 3, 24, 124, 176, 221.
Medway, 5, 28, 29, 33, 37, 41, 47, 51, 68.
Medway's Prize, 29, 41, 59, 60, 69.
Melong, 16 >.
Melotte, Samuel, Ensign, 183, 206.
Mergui, 27, 29.
Mermaid, 17, 20, 34.
Merriman, Lieut., 91, 95.
Mersen, Galenus Governor of Nega
patam. 35, 50.
Mesgnien, V 217.
Meyers, John Henry. Ensign, 222, 244,
267.
Mihell, Capt. Kest. 229.
Military —
Artillery, 50, 57, 58, 73, 8.S, 95, 106, 123,
T 33, 142, 159, 170, 187, I90, 191, 205.
Barra-ks, 161, 168.
Batta, 253.
Bengal, 50, 196, 216, 243.
Bombay, 45, 122, 243.
Cavalry, 52, 53, 67, 76, 89, 95, 105, 122,
U4, 150, 163, 174, 176, 180.
Clothing, 44, 71, 89, 152, 217, 243.
Discipline, 232.
Lascars, 1,100, 123, 189.
MarCal law, 50, 76.
Officers, II, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 105, I42,
197, 216
Off-reckonings, bg.
Pathans, 52, 76.
Paymaster, 152.
Peons, 40, 67, 96, 123.
Promotions, 184.
Recruiting, etc., 2, 5, 10, 27, 40, 42, 49,
50, 72, 73, 75, 76. 82, 88, 127, 132, 133,
137, 158, 169, 180, 181, 184, 185, loo,
205, 214, 219, 220, 222, 226, 231, 252,
266-67.
Regulations, 67, 71, 88, 105.
Returns, 50, 56, 83, 105, 245.
Stores 145. 193. 194-
Storekeeper, 132.
Strength, 83, 92, 115, 119, i2r, 145, 167,
174, 176, 211.
Swiss companies, 158, 160, r6i, 164, 170,
176, 179, 180, 185, 190, 196, 197,' 205'
210, 222, 226, 243.
Tellicherry men, 45.
Topasses, 10, 32, 50, 61, 83, 88, 133.
187,216.
Military Consultations, 155,
282
INDEX
Mill, James (Austrian), 128.
Mints. At Cuddalore, 38, 52, 56 ; Sarkar
— , 22 ; — weights, 149.
Mirepoix. Duke of—, 226, 252.
Misenor, Capt. Death, 46.
Mocha, 10, 13, 21, 30, 98, 123, 135, 240,
241.
Moghal Emperor, 18, 25, 59, 139, 146, 177,
211, 213, 218, 236. 248.
Moinichen, Lieut., 183, 206.
Mole (Secretary), 112. 1
Monchanin, Stephen Augustus de. Ensign,
183, 245, 259.
Monopoly in provisions, 127.
Monson, William, 36, 39, 55, 105, 136,
147, 195, 2°7-
Moore, John. Carpenter, gb, 175, 243.
Moorees. See Piece-goods.
Moors, 117, 141, 151, 188.
Montfort, 30, 79, 201, 240, 265, 267.
Monthly writers, 136, 245.
Morari Rao, 184, 211, 212, 247, 24S, 249,
255. See Marathas.
Morford, James. Writer, 3.
Morgan, Capt. John de, 49, 62, 63, 67, 78,
105, 164, 170, 197, 202.
Morgan, Ensign William de. Death, 67.
Morrice, Lieut. Sampson, 107, 1S3, 206.
Morris, Hugh, 52, 143.
Morse, Daniel. Factor, 164.
Morse, Emelia, 265.
Morse, Frances, 265.
Morse, Jane, 265.
Morse, Nicholas. Exchanged, 50 ; arrives
F.S.D., 50 ; returns home, 76, 87, 96,
116 ; his accounts and claims, 68, 69, 96,
131, 163; 170, 196. Ref. 5, 7. 10, I2.
24, 25, 28, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 51, 104,
105, 117, 156, 168, 204, 207, 217, 265.
Moses, Samuel, 30, 96, 97.
Mount, 150.
Muhammad Shaw, 20.
Muhammadan merchants, 69.
Muhammadans The term ' natives',
include — , 217.
Munro, Andrew. Surgeon, 1 1, 90, 97, 109,
no, Ii6, 137, 208.
Munro, Henry. Death, 143, 206.
Munro, James. Surgeon, 137,208.
Munro, Lieut., 183.
Munster, Treaty of — , 257.
Munsur Ali Khan, Vizier, 210.
Murder, Act for preventing — , 1 99.
Muriell, Francis, 265.
Muriell, Lucy, 265.
Murray, Capt. -Lieut., 143, 145, 151.
Murtaza Ali Khan, 139, 249.
Muslin. See Piece-goods.
Mustapha Jing. See Muzaffar Jang.
Mutiny, 197 ; — Act, 232.
Muttukumarappa Chetti, 164.
Mutyalu, 48, 94, 132.
Muzaffar Jang. Near Pondichery, 8q,
appoints Chunda Sahib as Nawab, 81 ;
119, 178; opposes Nasir Jang, 83;
claims succession, 85 ; invades the Car-
natic, 85 ; defeats Anwar-ud-din Khan,
85; at Arcot, 85, 119; reception at
Muzaffar Jang — coni.
Pondichery, 85 ; attacks Udaiyarpalai-
yam, 93 ; besieges Tanjore, 93, 94 ;
submits to Nasir Jang, 113 ; proclaimed
Subahdar, 118; imprisons his brothers,
118; enters Pondichery, 118; under
French influence, 1 18; demands sea-ports
of the English, 119 ; quarrels with the
Nawab of Kurnool, I24 ; killed, 124 ; his
grants to the French, 125, 149 ; not the
lawful Subahdar, 149. Ref. 121, 163.
Mysore, 144, 148, 150, 173, 1 77, 179, 184,
210, 211, 212, 219, 222, 224, 226, 247,
248, 249.
N
Nagore, 1 18, 235, 238, 239.
Nalla Chetti, 164.
Namat-ullah Khan, 25.
Namur, 59, 70.
Nana (Sahu's General), 177, 180, 183, 213.
Narayana Chetti, 18.
Narayanan, Kuddam, 132, 136, 156.
Narsapur, 125, 136, I40.
Nasir Jang, Application to — for horse, 46,
48, 76 ; joins his father, 48 ; orders his
officers to help the English, 52 ; embassy
to — , 61, 114, 115, 118; helps the English
and Muhammad Ali, 73, 85, 146, 178;
opposes Muzaffar Jang, 85 ; presents to
— 94, 104,114, 154; confines Muzaffar
Jung, 113 ; to Tiruviti, 113; to Valuda-
vur, 113; to Arcot, 113; obliged the
French to raise the siege of Tanjore,
113 ; confirmation of grants, 115, 117;
murdered, 118, 119, 124; his cause
espoused, 119, 139. Ref. 80, 81, 84, 98,
112, 121, 122, 123, 155, 163.
Natal (in Sumatra), 257.
Nathan, Solomon. Free merchant, 131,
151.
Natives. As suitors, 217 ; the term ex-
plained, 217 ; — of Madras not to be
troubled for debts for a year, 90.
Naubat. Privilege of — , 243.
Naval officers. Treatment of — , 4.
Navigation researches, 107.
Negapatam, 11, 33, 34, 98, 138.
Negapatam. Governor of — ,35, 50, 53.
Negapatam. Resident at — , 50.
Negrais, 152, 161, 162, 184, 208, 209, 213,
218, 223, 240, 242, 255, 257, 260.
Nelson, Arthur. Ensign, 183; Lieut., 206.
Neptune, 10, 41, 46, 47.
Newcastle. Duke of — , 3.
Newman, Henry, 186, 226.
News, from the French, 50, 147.
Newton, Andrew. Factor, 164, 169, 244.
Newton, Lieut. Thomas, 222, 259, 267.
Nicholls, Charles, 50, 62, 195.
Nicholls, Norton. Free merchant, Tj.
Nicobars, The, 28, 92.
Nizam Ali Khan, 124, 125, 138.
Nizam-ul-mulk, 7, 9, 12, 15, 23, 24, 25,
2q, 32, 49. 56- 59. 84. 125.
Noke. Supercargo, 138.
Nollikins, John. Cadet, 222, 267.
INDEX
283
Non-intervention policy, 234, 235, 237,
238.
Norfolk, 42, 102, 108,119, 120,124, I25>
227, 240, 252, 253, 265, 267.
Norris, Charles Savage, 11.
Norris, Hugh, 3, 137. 151, 206, 20S.
Norris, William, 164.
North, John, 186, 206, 244.
Northampton, 4.
Northern factories. Imestment, 2,8,45,
48, 65, 84, 91, 120, 168, 175, 181, 201,
203, 223. See Vizagapatam, Ingeram,
Madapollam.
Northern grants. Question of — , 250.
Norton, Capt. Robert, 19.
Nost, Lieut. Peter, 63, 67, 93, 116.
0
Oaths, 198, 199.
Officers. Co-operation among — , 142 ;
mutinous spirit among — , 142. See
Military.
O'Hara, Charles. Assistant Engineer, 107,
143. 205.
Onslow, 128, 240, 267.
Organ, 147.
Orissa, 53.
' Orlopes,' 55, 231, 240, 256.
Orme, Robert. In Bengal, 20, 143 ; goes
home, 182, 186 ; returns, 228, 231 ; on
Council, 228, 230, 244 ; Commissary,
233 ; Export Warehouse-keeper, 244.
Orme, William. Writer, 3.
Orphans and orphanage, 26, 61, 72, 133.
Ostend, 10, 19, 128.
Oxford, 43, 46, 47, 63, 65, 160. 229, 265,
266.
Paccard, Ensign, 183.
Packinpr, 1, 13, 77, 225.
Paddy, 150.
Page, John. Surgeon, 108.
Palankin. 57, no, 210, 225.
Palk, Robert. Appointed chaplain, 87 ;
to Europe, 116 ; his services, 116, 170 ;
to Bombay, 195 ; commissary for peace,
212, 214; Paymaster and Commissary,
224, 225, 233, 243 ; knows French and
Latin, 233 ; Deputy at Sadras, 243 ;
presented with a diamond ring, 243 ;
his part in Tanjore negotiations, 243,
247. Ref. 131, 182, 191, 244, 252.
Palliser, Capt. Hugh, 75.
Palmer, John. Writer, 1 22, 206.
Palmyra, Point, 212, 2I4.
Paris, 3, 222, 226.
Parker, Hyde. Ensign, 16, 80.
Parkes, Samuel. Factor in Bengal, 30, 40.
Pascall, Edmund. Ensign, 44, 119, 151,
266.
Paschoud, John Francis. Lieut, of the
Artillery, 196.
Passage-money ,117.
Passport, 100.
Patchak. Surat — , 84.
Pathans. See Military.
37
Patterson, George. Ensign, 158; Lieut.,
183.
Pattison, Ensign George, 167, 266.
Pawlett, Capt., 69
Paymaster of works, 58.
Peace [of Aix-la-chapclle , 7;, 90.
Peace Conference at Sadras, 212, 214.
Pearl, 36, 41, 47, 51, 59.
Pearls, 127, 221.
Pegu, 10, 19, 25, 150, 162, 209, 258; King
of — , 184, 209, 213, 242, 257 ; — river,
184.
Pdl/iaf/1,64, 65, 71, 79, 126, 133, 185.
Pelham, W'aldegrave, 220, 259.
Pembroke, 59, 70.
Pennar, The, 37, 184.
Pensions, 66, 67, 77, 95, 105, 1 16, 164,
216.
Peons. See Military, Poligars.
Pepper, 6, 12, 42, 59, 61, 62, 74, 80, 83,
84, 91, 98, IOI, 120, 124, 125, 126, 152,
174, 187, 221, 240.
Pepper, Lieut., Daniel. Death, 1S6-87.
Perambur, 87.
Percival, John. Writer, 161, 164, 206.
Percival, William, 3. 11, 50, 122, 158, 169,
206, 207, 208, 217, 218, 228, 230, 233,
244.
Permission money, 170, 208.
Pero, Lieut., 91, 95, 206.
Persaine, 200, 213, 242, 257.
Persia, 1, 10, 69, 118, 119, 137, 147.
Persian language, 195.
Persons going to India, 164, 265.
Petch, William, 88, 123.
Peyton, Capt., 4, 5, 33, 34, 51, 67, 104,
106, no.
Piece-goods. Investment, 262-263.
Allejars, 262-63.
Baftas, 2, 9, 181.
Beteellas, 55, 73, 262-63.
Calicoes, 2, 13, 42,55-
Callavva pores, 262-63.
Cambays, loo.
Cambric, 262-63.
Chintz, 9, 28, 53, 203, 215, 262-63.
Dimities, 262-63.
Fine goods, 18, 100, 175, 203.
Ginghams, 262-63.
Izarees, 215, 262-63.
Lampasses, 262-63.
Longcloth, 8, 13, 136. 189, 262-63 ;
Chennappanayakanpalaiyam, 8 ; fine,
7 ; Salem — , 7; Shiyali — , 141.
Madapollam, 25.
Masulipatam dyed goods, 53.
Moorees, 2, 262-63.
Muslins, 74, 100.
Romals, 262-63.
Salempores, 7, 8, 13, 18, 25, 136, 189,
262-63.
Sannoes, 9
Sarrasses, 262-63.
Sastracundies, 262-63.
Sicashes, 262-63.
Succatums, 93, 100, 262-63.
See also sub-head Investment under
Madras, Fort St. David, Salem, etc.
284
INDEX
Pigot, George. On council, 108, 157, 244 ;
prisoner, 109 ; returns, 109 ; Commissary
of accounts, 137; to Vizagapatam, 153,
169; Deputy Governor at F.S.D., 228,
230. Ref. 151. See Madras, Governor
of—.
Pigou, Lieut. Benjamin, 67, 151, 170,245,
247.
Pipe of wine, contains 115 gallons, 240.
Pirates. Power to try — , 208.
Pitch, 47.
Pitt, George Morton, 156.
Pitt, Thomas, 9, 10.
Pocock, Capt. George, 229.
Polier, Capt., 185, 206, 243, 247.
Poligars. Dues, 254 ; fees, 86 ; peons, 20 ;
ravages, 9.
Political Consultations, 1 5 5.
Polur, 248.
Pondichery, 12, 18, 19, 33, 34, 35- 36> 40,
41, 45, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 94, 102, 105,
113, 150, 153, 235.
Ponnappa Chetti, 6.
Poona, 210.
Poonamallee, 11, 113, 114, 115, 121, 142,
145, 150, 151, 169, 175, 204, 214, 234,
235> 237, 243. ^ee Madras, Fort St.
David — Revenues.
Portfield, 101, 112, 221, 265, 267.
Porto Bello, 35, 52, 54, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65,
69, 96, 102, 152, 185, 187, 240, 241, 244,
255, 266.
Porto Novo, 12, 27, 49, 50, 65, 70, 76, 81,
258.
Portsmouth, 55.
Portuguese, 31, 42, 69, 100; — Church at
Madras, 141, 159, 168, 194, 204; ship-
ping, 138, 213.
Poverio, Clemente. Captain of the topas-
ses, 216.
Powell, Charles, 265.
Powney, Henry. Declines Company's
service, 87 ; on Council, 108, 157, 228,
230 ; to examine F.S.D. accounts, 123 ;
on Committee of Treasury, 169$ Import
Warehousekeeper, 244. Ref. j'14, 151,
207 (?).
Presents, 2, 15, 19, 32, 40, 51, 64,67, 69, 71,
80, 87, 94, 104, 114, 154, 163, 174, 195,
2io, 243.
Presidency head -quarters See Madras —
Seat of the Presidency.
President, to have a running cash of 20,000
Pags., 56.
Preston, Achilles, 1 16, 134, 143, 183, 205,
206.
Preston, 28, 29, 33, 41, 51, 59, 68.
Prevost f Provost], Ensign John Louis, 169,
217, 266.
Prince, Richard. In Council, 61, 108 ;
Paymaster, 62 ; Deputy Governor of
Madras, 89, 95, 102, 1 15 ; to examine
Church stocks, 90 ; his action respecting
Shahji, etc., 129, 130 ; resigns and goes
home, 157, 169.
Prince George, 186, 187, 201, 202, 240.
Prince of Wales, 43, 160, 168, 266.
Prince William, 52, 93.
Princess Amelia, 38, 41, 47, 60, 77.
Princess Augusta, 23, 45, 46, 47, 60, 64,
70.
Princess Mary, 14, 16, 33, 34, 36, 41, 46,
47, 5i» 59,77-
Princess of Wales, 46, 47.
Prisoners. Restoration of — , 234, 236,
237, 239.
Private Committee, dissolved, 213.
Private trade, 14, 31, 128, 154, 162, 186,
187, 202, 208, 218, 231, 247.
Prizes, 2, 10, 13, 21, 30, 69. -
Prize-money, 103.
Prone, 253.
Protector, 160, 162, 167.
Protestants, 99, 156.
Provost, Ensign, John Louis. See Provest.
Prussia, 128, 227.
Pudupauk, 11.
Pulicat, 34,' 35, 36, 50, 68,69, 87, 171, 219.
Pullum Kutti Chetti, 246.
Punch house, 243.
Pybus, John. In the Secretary's office, 36 ;
monthly writer, 40 ; re-entertained, 66 ;
Sub-Secretary, 66 ; Military Storekeeper
87, 132, 136 ; Resident at Devikottai,
169; ill, 182 ; on Council, 205, 206 ; to
the West Coast, 206, 207, 244, 260.
Pye, William. Volunteer, 191.
Pyne, George Writer, 191, 205,
Quakers, 198.
Quedda, 126, 133, 134, 138, 188.
Queen of Hungary, 27.
Quick stock, 3, 15, 32, 56, 77, 84, 101, 225.
Raillard, Jean Jaques. Cadet, 267.
Rains, 28, 83, 95, 120, 121, 146, 258.
Kaitt, Thomas. Free merchant, 13.
Rajahmunclry, 7, 214, 219. Nawab of —
See Jaffar Ali Khan.
Ramadas Pantulu (Diwan), 171.
Ratnsunkar, 19.
Read [Reade ?], William. Writer, 30, 49 ;
insane, 137.
Records, in Madras, 40.
Recruitment. See Military.
Red Sea, 24.
Redwood, 12, 22, 29, 47, 59, 61, 62, 64, 74,
84, 91, 125, 128, 147, 152, 187, 189, 193,
202, 208, 215, 22I, 240.
Rene, Father. Suspected, 82.
Repington, James. Lieut, of Cavalry, 167,
183, 265.
Residents. Recalled, 87; list of—, 132.
Restoration, 29, 92.
Revell, Lieut. Robert. Quartermaster,
206. *
Revenues. See Madras, Fort St. David,
etc.
Rewards. See Presents.
Rhoda, 59, 70, 79, 160.
Rice, 6, 46, 65, 71, 122, 123, 143, 149, 150,
175, 185, 187, 201, 210, 254, 255, 256.
INDEX
285
Richards, Capt. William, 143, 145, 151,
229.
Rider, Arthur. Factor, 3.
Rider, Rev. Richard. Joint Chaplain at
Madras, 41 ; death, 66. Ret'. 49, 54.
Ridge, Capt. John, 190, 205, 267.
Ringer, John. Death, 143.
Robins, Benjamin. Engineer-Geneial,
102, 104, 106; arrives, III, 1 16; surveys
Madras works, HI ; reports on the
fortifications, 121, 130, 132, 133 ; to
Bengal, 123, 124, 136 ; reports on the
wreck of the Duke of Cumberland, 133 ;
to instruct in gunpowder-making, 133;
considers Madras best suited as head-
quarters, 134 ; death, 142, 167. Kef.
107, 108, 112, 115, 130, 138, 143, 150,
153. 155. I56- »59. l6l» l63- 165, 170,
190, 194, 203, 204, 205.
Rochelle, 147.
Romals. See Piece-goods.
Roman Catholics. Disabilities, 98, 99,
131, 14I, 165, 169, 196 ; their churches
not to be tolerated, 56, 61, 82, 101, 159,
165, 176.
' Roman ways ', 95.
Rose, John de. A German, 242.
Rosewell. Agent Victualler, 51".
Ross, Andrew. Alderman, 208, 217, 265.
Rouchead. Ensign, 151.
Rous, Frances, 265.
Rous, Miss. Goes home, 116.
Royal Duke, 55, 59, 79.
Royal Galley, 213.
Royal George, 23,59, 70,79, 82, 91,93.
129.
Royal Guardian, 201.
Ruby, 59,90, 92, III, 117, 137.
Rumbold, Thomas. Writer, 164, 169;
Ensign, 206.
Rumbold, Williams. Ensign, 206.
Russell, Claud. Writer, 161, 164, 169;
Sub-Secretary, 205 ; Sheriff and Coroner,
260.
Russian iron. See Iron.
Saadat-ul-lah Khan, 24.
Sadras, 219, 243; Conference at — , 214,
[249], 250 ; painting of cloth at — , 2.
Safdar Ali Khan, 9.
Sailors in country ships. List of — , 77.
Sta. Catarinha, 69.
St. Eustacia, 57.
St. Francis, 59, 70.
St. George, 220, 221, 240, 267.
St. Geran, 12.
St. Helena, 23, 35, 71, 161, 219, 221.
St. Joseph, 12.
St. Louis, 36.
St. Mary's Church, 147, 195. See Church
Stock.
' St. Mary's Stepney', 123.
St. Paul, Peter, 62, 81, 87, 131, 136, 151,
244.
[St. Thomas'] Mount, 40, 179.
St. Thome, 10, 19, 34, 46, 81, 85, 86, 94
115, 117, 130, 141, 142, I45, 148, 150
151, 169, 175, 194, 208, 216. See
Madras, Fort St. David — Revenues.
Saiyid Lashkar Khan (Nawab's partisan),
210, 218.
Saiyid Muhammad Khan, 138.
Salabat Jang. Makes peace with the Mara-
thas, 139. 171 ; his letters, 144, 146, 153,
171, 177 ; orders destruction of lngeram
and Madapollarn, 148 ; present to — ,
150; to Aurungabad, 171, 180, 210 ;
to Golconda, 171 ; empowers Dupleix to
make peace, 173 ; opposes Gha/i-ud-din,
177; supports Chunda Sahib, 178;
confirms Muhammad Ali, 178 ; his
mother poisons Gha/.i-ud-din, 180, 183 ;
makes peace with Nana, 1S0, 183 ;
imprisons his brother, 210 ; distressed
for money, 213, 219; to the Carnatic,
218, 248, 255. Ref. 138, 215, 250.
Sale by outcry, 103, 104, 112, 154, 192,
223, 228.
Salem. Investment at — , 143, 149, 203,
212, 252.
Salempores. See Piece-goods.
Salisbury, 14, 229, 246, 250, 254, 260.
Salomons, Moses. Free merchant, 13, 30.
Salomons, Solomon, 196.
Salt, 22, 28, 77, 187
Saltpetre, 13, 14, 22, 29, 42, 62, 64, 71, 74,
93, 102, 108, 112, 125, 126, 147, 149, 153,
154, 175, I85, 187, 189, 208, 221, 241,
255-
Salutes. To Adlercron, 231 ; to Naval
officers, 229.
Sampati Rao. Anwar-ud din's Diwan, 94.
Samson, Mathew. Ensign, 67.
Samson, Samuel. Fnsign, 67.
Sandalwood, 71, 84.
Sandwich, 79.
Sannoes. See Piece-goods.
Saravana Chetti, 203.
Sarrashes. See Piece-goods.
Sastracundies. See Piece-goods.
Saudet Bunder. Razed, 180.
Saunders, Charles. factor, 164.
Saunders, Thomas. On Council, 56 ;
Chief of Vizagapatam, 62. Ref. 15,25
48. See Madras, Governor of — .
Saunderson, Capt., 206, 211.
Savage, John. Death, 66.
Savage, Thomas, 11, 36, 50, 88.
Saw, Oswald, 69.
Scales and weights, 189, 202.
Scarborough, 23, 55, 59, 126, 135, 143, 192,
201, 266.
Schaub, Capt. John Henry, 160, 161, 169,
r8o, 196, 217, 243, 266.
Schaub, Sir Luke, 158.
Schonamille, Mine, 10, 19, 27, 29.
Sch-vartz, Jean George. Cadet, 267.
Scott, Lieut. -Col. Caroline Frederic.
Engineer-General, 189, 190 ; to survey
Vizagapatam, 189 ; his duties, powers
and pay, 189, 190 ; to survey artillery
stores, 191 ; called from Bengal, 216,
227 ; 011 Council, 230 ; Commissary for
286
INDEX
provisional treaty, 233 ; declines the
command of the army, 243 ; death, 243,
245 ; his charges against Boddam, 258,
259. Ref. 197, 203, 204, 205, 224.
Scottney, Bryan. Ensign, 244.
Scrimsour, Capt. John, 63, 67, 186.
Sea Horse, 201.
Seals, 27.
Seaton, John. Lieut, of Artillery, 170.
Sebastian, Father, 216.
Secret article in the treaty, 239.
Secret Committee, 29, 44, 74, 126, 153,
188, 220, 221.
Security. From persons going to India,
etc., 164.
Select committee. Constituted, 230.
Selfe, Israel. Carpenter, 108.
Sellon, Jasper, 158.
Seven Maganams, 243.
Severini, Padre, 15, 16, 26, 61, 78, 82, 130,
133, 137, 204, 216, 246.
Severn, 45, 75, 77, 79, 89, 112, 119, 120,
124.
Shaftesbury, 135.
Shahji, ex-King of Tanjore. At Cudda-
lore, 94, 129.
Shaw, Lieut, (of Bengal Artillery), 186.
Shawmier, Sultan, 132, 156, 246.
Sheafe, John, 32.
Shears, 191.
Sheemess, 75, 79.
Sheriff, 159, 198.
Shipping, 126, 160, 188, 219, 221 ; ballast,
69; bills of lading, 1, 126, 128
Captain's duties, 31 ;1 their trial, 93
clandestine lading, 1 ; coast, 75, 108
153, 154, 186; country, 1, 6, 77, 153
demurrage, 74, 83 ; freights, 31 ; mani
fests, 174; kintledge, 74 ; lading, 115
lascars, 5 ; overland route, 23 ; provi-
sions, 127 ; short deliveries, 14 ; soldiers
on — , 5, 16, 103 ; theft, 2, 8, 187. See
Private trade, Prizes.
Shroffs, 2, 11, 22, 24, 52.
Sicashes. See Piece-goods.
Signals, 74.
Silk, 49.
Silver, 1, 4, 6, 13, 16, 18, 24, 30, 38, 55, 71,
127, 154, 167, 221 ; private, 189, 264 ;
for the French, 12 ; to be sold to the
Nawab for cash, 31 ; cheapness of — ,
112, 135, 165; price current, 168, 175.
Simpson, Charles. Writer, 127, 136, 208.
Singlo tea. See Tea.
Sirpi. Nawab of — , 124.
Slaves, 100, 104, 112, 128, 135, 153, 159.
160, 174, 188, 202, 223.
Sloper, Robert. Factor, 78; Sub-Account-
ant, 89 ; Searcher at Cuddalore, 90.
Ref. 196.
Small-pox, in Sumatra, 83.
Smith, [Joseph]. Engineer, 10, II, 19, 39.
Smith, Charles. Writer, 191, 205, 218.
Smith, Elizabeth, 66.
Smith, John. Alderman, 208 ; on Council,
228 ; maliciously charged fraud, 243 ;
Paymaster, 244 ; estate, 260. Ref. 89,
161, 169.
Smith, John Lewin. Factor, 164 ; at
Vizagapatam, 182, 244.
Smith, Joseph. Capt., 32, 176, 183, 211,
244.
Smith, Mary, 265.
Smith, Samuel. Ensign, 49.
Smith, Stephen. Cadet, 232, 267.
Smith, Mrs., disallowed pension, 105.
Smuggling, 15, 19, 26, 162, 169.
Society for Promoting Christian Knowl-
edge, 16, 99, 165, 226.
Sollikoffer, Jean Henri, 267.
Solomon, 265.
Solomons, Joseph, 137.
Somerset, 70, 71, 79.
Sommers, Joseph. Writer, 161, 164, 169.
Ensign, 183 ; Lieut., 206.
Southby, Lieut. William Henry, n, 63,
88, 89, 96.
Spain, 20, 29 ; — shipping, 5, 31.
Spanish Isles, 257.
Spars, 145.
Spears, James. Lieut, 176; Capt. 244.
Speck, John William, 89, 95.
Speke, Capt. Henry, in, 137, 167, 229,
250.
Srirangam, 140, 166, 214, 248, 249.
Stacey, Borlace, 195.
Stafford, 1, 43, 240.
Standing Orders, 164, 170, 195, 225, 245.
Starke, John. Writer, 30, 66, 114.
Starke, Richard, 11,66,89, IQ8> I22> I23,
151, 157, 158, 169, 170, 195, 213, 228.
Staveley, Samuel. Chaplain, 161, 164, 170.
Steel, 193.
Steward, Capt. Francis, 3, 31.
Storm, 34, 70, 84, 109, 128, l68, 180, 181,
257-
Stnr.tton, George. Writer, 127, 136.
Stratton, John, 9, 11, 15, 16, 26, 36, 40,
207, 246.
Stuart, Allen. Ensign, 67.
Stuart, James. Ensign, 222.
Stubbs, Edward. Ensign, 116.
Succatums. See Piece-goods.
Success, 20, 183.
Suffolk, 267.
Sugar, I, 14, 43, 202.
Sultan David, 20, 226.
Sumatra, 5, 6, 12, 20, 27, 30, 34, 50, 53,
73, 90, 106, 137, 143, 153, 164, 171,
176, 181, 183, 187, 207, 217, 219, 226,
246, 260. See West Coast.
Sumner, Capt., 54.
Sunda Straits, 18.
Sunku Rama, 32,- 99, 257.
Sunku Veakatachalam, 216.
Sural, 72, 84, 152, 176, 213.
Surgeons. Medicines for — , 3; head
money to — , 160; — to attend hospitals
regularly, 164.
Suspension of arms, 242, 249.
Sutherland, James, 265.
INDEX
287
Swallow, 52, 59, 70, 90, 92, 100, 101, ill,
112, 113, 118, 120, 123, 135, 137, 138,
143, 147, 152,153, 160, 167, 175, 188,
202.
Swift, 5, 45, 62, 77-
Swinfen [Swynfen], Rev. George. Chap-
lain, 78, 89, 122, 123, 131, 195.
Swiss company. See Military.
Symmonds, Lieut., 183, 206.
Syren, 70, 90, 92, 201, 240.
Syrian, 184, 209, 218.
Syrian river, 257.
Tabby, Lieut. John, 222, 267.
Tabby, William James. Cadet, 222, 267.
Tabry, John, 267.
Taels, 152.
Talbot, Robert. Ensign, 96.
Tambi Chetti, 6, 24.
Tanjore,, 20, 93,94, 113, 140, 203, 235,
237, 23S, 243.
Tanjore, King of — . To defray Devi-
kottai expenses, 86, 94, 121 ; allowance
to the pretended — , 141 ; is neutral,
144 ; ready to join Muhammad Ali, 148,
150; grants Devikottai, 155; to accede
to the provisional treaty, 234, 238 ;
makes peace with Morari Rao, 248 ;
fears Mysore, 249. Ref. 119, I29, 130,
173, 247, 255.
Tappy, 8.
Tar, 18, 47.
Tartar, 64, 65, 70, 71, 90, 92, 137.
Tatham, Samuel. Factor, 164, 176, 208.
Tavistock, 75, 84.
Tavoy, King of — , 210, 257.
Taxes, 194, 204, 216, 242, 243.
Taylor, F. Appointed to Court of Requests,
208.
Taylor, James. Free merchant, 133.
Taylor, John. Surgeon, 165.
Taylor, Ralph. Mariner, 131, 136.
Taylor, Thomas, 184, 218, 224.
Taylor, Capt., 109, 112, 242.
Tea, 14, 39, 43, 103, 149; Bohea — , 1, 16,
42,231 ; Singlo — , 231.
Telisinga Chetti, 164.
Tellicherry, 6, 12, 62, 69, 147, 152, 167,
174, 176.
Tenasserim, 224.
Tent, as present, 94.
Tevenapatam, 138.
Thefts. See Shipping-.
Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalium, 217.
Tidcombe, William. Free merchant, 131.
Tiger, 233, 250, 253, 254.
Timber, 18, 47, 60, 64, 70, 112, 156, 187,
201, 202, 209, 241.
Tin, 84, 210.
Tinnevelly. Poligars of — , 254.
Tirukkattuppalli, 247.
Tirumangalam, 18.
Tirupasur, 151.
Tiruvendipuram, 114, 115, 121, 139, 145.
See Fort St. David— Revenues.
I Tiruviti, 1 1 4, 1 39, 142, 1 78, 1 79, 180, 184,
206, 211.
Tiruvottiyur, 87.
J Todd, Robert. Mariner, 206.
Topasses. See Military.
1 Tornery, Capt. Lewis. Estate, 1 53.
Tournery's battery ;it Vizagapatam, 242.
Trading guns, 231, 256.
Tranquebar, 36, 37, 39, 67,68, 79, 87, 13S,
143-
Translations, of farmans, 125.
Treaty. Definitive — in Europe, 220, 222,
226, 227, 230, 232, 233, 234-39:
provisional — , 233, 249, 252, 253, 254 ; —
between Mahe and Tellicherry, 12.
Trenwith, John, 3, 20, 27, 52, 146, 208.
Tribolet, Francis Lewis, 267.
Trichinopoly. Key of Arcot province, 237 ;
security for the Nawab's debt, 255 ;
tribute from — poligars, 253. Ref. 7, 9,
12,24,85,93, 113, 119, 140, 144, 146,
148,166, 172, 177, 179, I97, 211, 219.
226, 247, 248, 249, 254.
Trincomalee, 33, 50, 51.
Triton, 240, 266, 267.
Trotter, Robert. Free merchant, 133.
True Briton, 52, 62, 64, 105, 109, 220, 24O,
267.
Trusler. Ensign, 122-123 ; Lieut., 183,
2C6.
Try a l, 84, IC9, 1 12.
Tullie, Timothy, II, 77, 15S, 164.
Turing, Robert. Surgeon, 66, 116, 137.
Turmeric, 74, 128.
Turnbull, Lieut. John, 116.
Turner, Charles. Writer, 30, 40[?], 137,
208, 244.
Turner, John Worthington, 265.
Turner, Richard. Writer, 30, Il6, 195.
Turtle, 209.
Tutenague, I, 14, 43.
Twiss, James. Free merchant, 13.
Tygrts, 1.
U
Udaiyarpalaiyam, 19, 93.
Unlicensed goods, to be confiscated, 162.
Unlicensed persons, 131, 137.
Uppada, 9.
Uppu Raja, 242, 257.
Uttatur, 172, 177.
Valikondapuram, 139, 172, 177.
Valudavur, 234, 235, 238.
Vandalur, 172.
Vansittart, Henry, 30, 40, 137, 208, 214,
217, 231, 233, 244, 252.
Vareilles, Capt. John Francis, 138.
Vasserot, Lieut. David Baron de, 245.
Vellaroy, Baron de. Governor of St.
Thome, 141.
Velvet, 161, 174.
Venkatarama Chetti, Gandavidi, 164.
Venkatarama Chetti, Sunku, 32, 164.
Venkataraman, 48.
2.88
I NDEX
Vepery. See Church at — .
Vernaculars. Study of — , 131.
Vienna, 217.
Vigilant, 59, 9°. 92> Il7, I37-
Vijayaram Raz, 150, 182, 2I9, 248.
Vikravandi, attacked, 178.
Villiyanallur, 81, 234, 235, 238.
Villupuram, 178, 179.
Vincent, Capt., 205.
Visme, Benjamin de, 265.
Vizagapatam-
Accounts, 96.
Chief of — , 9, II, 15, 109, 143.
Defence and fortifications, 10, 19, 106,
150, 190, 204, 7.05, 242.
Investment, 7, 18, 22, 24, 25, 28, 36, 37,
38, 64, 79, 92, 93, 113, 136, 143, 181,
189, 215, 256.
Remittances to — , 120, 124, 187.
Revenues, 23.
Ref. 168. See Northern Factories.
Vizier, 218.
Volunteers, 205.
Von Francken, 41.
Vouga, Jean Jaques. Cadet, 267.
Vriddhachalam, 139, 211.
W
Wager, 6, 18, 19. 27, 55, 59, 126, 144, 174.
Wagner, Lieut. Rodolph, 169, 176, 266.
Wake. Governor of Bombay, 68.
Walpole, 75, 77, 79-
Walsh, John. Returns to Madras, 77 ;
Supervisor of the West Coast, 206 ;
Alderman, 20S ; Under-searcher, 244 ;
Mayor, 260. Ref. 89, 151, 202.
Wandiwash, 178.
War, 3, 4, 5, 8, 239.
Wardlaw, Ralph. Free merchant , 131.
Ware-houses, 2, So, 115.
Warren, 233, 240, 265, 267.
Waiwick, 45,46, 47, 51, 66, 126, 135, 137,
143, 149. 151> !52> J92, 201, 266.
Watson, Charles. Rear-Admiral of the
Blue. In charge of the Squadron, 229 ;
his allowances, 230 ; ill, 250 ; to Bombay,
250. Ref. 246, 258.
Wax, from Tavoy, 210.
Wax cloth, 1.
Weavers. Fled to the seaports, 83 ;
plundered, 113.
Webb, Capt., 149.
Webster, Thomas, 98.
Weights, 1 49, 167, 192, 241.
Wells, William. Lieut, of Artillery, 190 ;
to Bengal, 196
Wendler, Peter de. Surgeon, 127.
West Coast, 174, 180, 202, 205. See
Sumatra.
Westcott, Foss. Arrives, 61 ; on Council,
56, 109, 115, 157, 228; Store-keeper, 62,
88 ; Joint Commissary to receive Madras,
80 ; to examine into Church and Charity
stocks, 90 ; Ambassador to Nasir Jang,
94, 114; to examine F.S.D. accounts,
123 ; disapproves the policy with Shahji,
129; Resident at Ingeram, 137, 150.
Ref. 113, 148, 172.
Westgarth, 152, 184, 218, 224.
Wheat, 12, 65.
White, Capt. Thomas, 222, 259, 267.
Whitehall, 3, 230.
Whitehall, John. Writer, 164, 259.
White Town. See Madras — Fortifications
— Fort St. George.
Whitlatch, Thomas. Mariner, 108.
Widdrington, Capt., 202.
Wilkie, Lieut. William, 183, 206.
Wills, to be entered in Consultations, 69.
Wilson, James. Surgeon, 77, 90, 96, 116,
137, 143. 245-
Wilson, Nathaniel. Free merchant, 131.
Wilson. Chaplain, 122.
Winckelsea, 21, 44, 47, 51, 59, 60, 62, 64,
65, 70, 91, 128, 188, 189, 240, 253, 255.
260, ?66, 267.
Winchester, II, 23, 29, 31, 33, 41, 69.
Wine. See Madeira.
Winter, Thomas, 159, 187, 202.
Wird, David. Cadet, 267.
Witherington, Lawrence. Capt. -Lieut, of
Artillery, 71, 88.
Wood, Lieut. Death, 186.
Woodward, Mrs. Elizabeth. Pensioned,
95-
Woolen-goods (General), 16, 20, 30, 154,
161, 162, 163, 189, 192, 220, 221, 223,
231, 256.
Woolen-goods (Varieties) —
Broadcloth, 1, 6, 13, 14, 18, 24, 28, 47,
55, 64, 65, 71, 84, 103, 120, 129, 147,
149, 154, 168, 174, 187, 202, 203, 213,
215, 218, 241, 246, 260.
Long ells, 14, 55.
Perpetuanoes, 55, 103.
Shalloon, 127, 135, 149.
Woolwich academy, 165.
Worral, Samuel. Cornet, 67, 91.
Wright, John. Ensign, 49, 62.
Writers, 77, 87, 90, 92, 151, 195, 222, 225.
Wynch, Alexander, 39, 54, 56, 61, 62, 66,
74, 75, 80, 87, 90,. 109, 115, 123, 129,
130, 136, 151, 157, 169, 228, 230, 244.
Vale (Governor), 91.
Vanam, 117, 123.
York, 6, 38, 47, 59, 90, 223, 227, 240, 265.
Yorkshire Grey, 18 1, 223.
Young Eagle, 59, 90.
Zeigler, Capt., 245.
ERRATA
Reference
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entry from bottom.
>P }
umn, 3rd f
For
sold
Read
sent
Duplies Dupleix
Mabbot Mabbott
Insert a full stop after ' Madras \
Marcar
Markar
forms
farms
Trial
Tryal
Salabatkhan
Salabat Jang
Cockel
Cockell
stated
state
Begin ' Six French ships, etc.,' as separate para.
Gallee Galle
Gingin's Gingins'
Transfer ' [is] ' to the beginning of next line.
Bolton Boulton
Moor Moore
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Prevost
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